山东省沿海地区大豆生产变化特征及其发展趋势研究     

丁汉凤  ;余华  ;马玉敏  ;王俊峰  ;张晓冬  ;李娜娜  ;谢坤  ;白静  ;李湛  ;苏厚谊 《山东农业科学》2014,(6):30-34

对山东沿海地区6市29县1975~2010年的大豆品种、总产量和栽培面积进行调查和分析。结果表明,期间该地区大豆单产增加显著,栽培面积和总产量经历了先降低后增加再降低三个发展阶段,年际间的变幅大且整体表现出下降趋势。通过栽培品种统计发现,大豆大产量(总产量≥104t)栽培品种虽然数量较少,但其占总产量之比大,对推动山东省大豆产业发展以及丰富我国大豆种质资源具有重要的作用与意义。  相似文献   

贮藏温度和种子含水量对大豆种子活力的影响     

张凤  刘美  杨翠翠  杨文思  孙庆泉 《山东农业科学》2014,(8):37-41

以菏豆13号和辽豆11号为试材,研究不同贮藏温度和种子含水量对大豆种子活力的影响。结果表明:贮藏温度和种子含水量均能影响大豆种子活力;随贮藏时期的延长,大豆种子活力呈下降趋势;25℃贮藏各水分处理与4℃贮藏高水分(12%)处理影响大豆种子活力;-20℃贮藏时,水分条件对种子活力的影响反应敏感度较低,中水(8%)和低水(4%)处理可以减缓大豆种子老化速率,较好地保持大豆种子活力。  相似文献   

Members of soil bacterial communities sensitive to tillage and crop rotation     

Chuntao Yin  Dallas E. Peterson  Scot H. Hulbert 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(12):2111-2118

Pyrosequencing was used to study the effect of rotation and tillage on total bacterial communities. We designed primers to the bacterial 16s rDNA and amplified DNA from soil samples from a long-term tillage/rotation trial in Kansas for two seasons. The 2 × 2 factorial trial had two rotation treatments (wheat-wheat and wheat-soybean) and two tillage treatments (conventional and no-till). A total of 20,180 16s rDNA sequences were generated and 2337 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assembled using a 97% similarity cut-off. The phylum Proteobacteria represented 38% of 299 identified taxa. The second most abundant phylum was Acidobacteria, making up 20% of the sequences, the majority of which were Acidobacteria Group 1. The phyla Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes comprised 12% and 3.5% of the sequences. Other groups detected included TM7, Nitrospira, Verrucomicrobia, and Bacteroidetes. Some clusters of Acidobacteria Group 1 were more frequent in continuous wheat versus wheat-soybean rotation, some Acidobacteria Group 2 were more frequent in no-till, and some Acidobacteria Group 4 were more frequent in wheat-soybean rotation. These results were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Pyrosequencing provided taxonomic information about the overall bacterial community, and detected community shifts resulting from different cropping practices.  相似文献   

不同栽培技术对大豆土壤水分、容重及产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石绍河  肖佳雷  刘宝海  符强  薛英会  刘立超  王贵江  李炜 《大豆科学》2011,30(5):781-785

以不同栽培技术为切入点,用大豆半矮秆品种绥农22为试材,于2010年开展了不同栽培技术组合对大豆增产效果的研究.结果表明:苗期0～ 10 cm的土壤含水量,覆膜+垄沟深松、大垄密植+垄沟深松、平播密植、平播密植+化控+深松栽培技术分别较对照(“垄三”栽培)增加10.57％、3.17％、4.41％和2.62％；分枝期0～...  相似文献   

大豆灰斑病菌毒素生物活性分析   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

陈绍江  王金陵 《植物病理学报》1998,28(3):233-236

 大豆灰斑病菌[Cercosporium sojina(Hara) Liu&Guo]可以产生有毒代谢物。滤液透析及热稳定性测试结果表明:该毒素可以穿过半透膜,为较小分子化合物并具有很强的热稳定性。该菌培养物浸提液经浓缩,硅胶柱层析可得粗毒素。生物测定结果表明:该毒素对大豆幼苗及叶片具有致萎作用。针刺叶片可产生类似真菌感染的病斑。浸渍处理后,可使叶组织失绿、萎蔫最后坏死,同时毒素对抗性不同的品种有鉴别作用。  相似文献   

大豆缺蔸效应及在品种区域试验中应用的研究     

王德亮  杨丹霞  姜玉久 《种子》2000,(2):15-18

利用一个主茎型和一个分枝型品系，研究了大豆在不同长度断条下的缺蔸效应。结果表明，分枝型大豆的缺蔸效应大于主茎型大豆，随着断条长度的增加，断条行和相邻全苗行的缺蔸效应均增大。分析了大豆品种区域试验中产生缺蔸效应值，建立了不同类型品种在不同断条方式下的断条长度与实际补偿长度的回归方程。用此方程即可对品种或其它小区试验中的缺蔸效应进行校正。  相似文献   

RAPD标记在大豆品种鉴定中的应用初探   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵洪锟  李启云 《吉林农业科学》1998,(4):6-8

以十六烷基溴化铵（ＣＴＡＢ）选择性沉淀ＤＮＡ的方法，提取大豆种子、新鲜叶片或冷冻干燥叶片的总ＤＮＡ，所得ＤＮＡ纯度好，降解少，分子量大，完全可以用于ＲＡＰＤ分析。本文就ＲＡＰＤ标记手段在大豆品种鉴定中的应用作一简报，仅ＯＰＡ－０４就能将供试的１７份大豆品种区分开，表明ＲＡＰＤ用于种子纯度鉴定及品种鉴定是可行的。  相似文献   

大豆专用复混肥对轮作、连作大豆增产机理的研究     

韩丽梅  童朝阳 《吉林农业科学》2000,25(2):45-49

采用盆栽试验、田间试验及室内分析相结合的方法 ,研究了含有沸石、腐殖酸、稀土的大豆专用复混肥对轮作、连作大豆的增产机理。结果表明 ,施用大豆专用复混肥对轮作、连作大豆具有明显的改土、增加肥效、抗逆、提高光合效率和促进大豆生长的作用 ,最终表现出明显的增产效果。大豆专用复混肥的综合施用效果以连作大豆好于轮作大豆  相似文献   

磷影响大豆根系分泌有机酸总量和不同根区有机酸量     

苗淑杰  乔云发  刘晓冰 《大豆科学》2011,30(1):127-130

采用营养液培养的方法,设置由无磷转化为供磷(0-50)和由供磷转换为无磷(50-0)2个处理,分析了磷转换处理对不同根区有机酸的影响.结果表明:大豆生长对磷素的需求非常迫切,50-0处理根系可溶性磷含量相对较高,而0-50处理地上部可溶性磷含量相对较高;50-0处理根系有机酸分泌量较0-50处理大,而且分泌量随着距离根...  相似文献   

Relation of Seed Structures to Soybean Cultivar Difference in Pre-germination Flooding Tolerance     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):434-439

Abstract

Flooding during germination inhibits the sprouting and emergence of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], reducing subsequent growth and yield. Previous studies revealed that cultivars tolerant to pre-germination flooding have a mechanism of reducing water absorption speed (WAS) during the initial stage of inundation; however, seed structures involved in WAS have not been fully clarified to date. The objectives of this study were to identify possible seed structures responsible for cultivar difference in WAS and pre-germination flooding tolerance. WAS of two tolerant cultivars (Peking and Williams) and two susceptible cultivars (Nakasennari and Enrei), which were identified in our previous study, was compared in relation to seed structures. In Peking, WAS was markedly lower than that of the other cultivars, either in intact seed or seed with the seed coat removed, suggesting that both the seed coat and the embryo have a mechanism of reducing WAS in this cultivar. WAS of the hilum side tended to be higher than that of the back side, and sealing of the micropyle significantly lowered WAS, showing that the micropyle rather than the hilum appeared to be responsible for the higher WAS of the hilum side regardless of cultivar. A comparison of cross section area of the hilum revealed that the tolerant cultivars tended to have a larger area than the susceptible cultivars, suggesting that an inner space of the hilum can act as a reservoir at the initial stage of inundation, thereby reducing WAS in tolerant cultivars.  相似文献