公路对陆生脊椎动物影响的研究     

周靖杰  吴建平  于超 《野生动物》2011,32(2):90-94

公路在推动我国社会、经济发展的同时也对路域（沿带状公路向周围延伸一定距离的空间范围）野生动物产生了严重的负面影响,特别是陆生脊椎动物。本文就如何利用样带法和样方法对路域陆生脊椎动物种类、数量、公路交通造成的动物死亡数等进行调查作了详细阐述。结合国内外相关领域学者的研究成果分析了公路对不同类别或种类陆生脊椎动物的影响。呼吁国内学者开展更多公路对陆生脊椎动物影响的实质性研究,并将成果运用于研究地区以后的路网设计与改造实践中。  相似文献   

牛呼吸疾病综合征及其防治   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭爱珍 《中国奶牛》2011,(24):7-11

牛呼吸疾病综合征是严重危害国内外肉牛养殖业的一种重要传染病,该病的致病因素复杂,包括支原体、病毒和细菌等特异性病原以及运输应激等多种因素。美国等发达国家对该病的攻关研究开始于上世纪80年代初,其研究和临床防控均已达到较高水平,但仍认为该病将是未来10～20年养牛业所面临的主要疾病。我国对该病的认识和研究尚处于起步阶段,借鉴世界上发达国家的先进经验将有助于提升我国对该病的防控水平。  相似文献   

不同钝化剂对镉污染小麦镉富集及产量的影响     

贾彪  赵宝平  张茹  鲁瑞英  王永宁  郭晓宇  陈淼  雷雪峰  刘景辉 《麦类作物学报》2024,(5):648-657

为实现河套灌区轻中度Cd污染农田的修复与安全利用,在河套灌区轻中度Cd污染农田开展了为期两年不同钝化剂处理的大田试验,7种钝化剂分别为生物炭(BC)、海泡石(SEP)、膨润土(BE)、坡缕石(PA)、腐植酸(HA)、硅酸钠(SS)、硫酸锰(MN),以不施用钝化剂为对照(CK),分析了不同处理下小麦产量、生物量、各器官Cd富集系数和转运系数,比较了不同钝化剂的钝化效果。结果表明,2020-2021年,SEP和SS处理较CK增产显著,增幅为11.09%～81.49%,各器官生物量均有不同程度的增加,其中籽粒及根增加显著;SS处理显著降低叶部Cd含量,降幅为26.75%,SEP处理显著降低籽粒Cd含量,降幅达47.62%。钝化剂处理下,各部位Cd富集系数均<1,根部到叶部Cd最高。小麦籽粒Cd含量与茎中Cd富集系数呈极显著的正相关,与茎向叶部、根向穗部的Cd转运系数呈显著的正相关;2年茎的Cd富集系数对籽粒Cd富集系数均有显著正效应,穗到籽粒、茎到叶的Cd转运系数对籽粒Cd富集系数影响最大。海泡石和硅酸钠处理增加了小麦产量,降低了植株Cd含量,抑制了Cd在植株体内的转运富集;内蒙古河套...  相似文献   

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal hyphae enhance transport of the allelochemical juglone in the field     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2014

Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon where plants have harmful effects on growth of surrounding plants through the production of chemical substances. Here we focus on allelochemical processes which operate belowground, can influence plant interactions and therefore potentially affect plant community structure. Soil hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may enhance transport processes in the soil matrix by providing direct connections between plants facilitating infochemical exchange.In a two-component field study we showed that soil hyphae likely play a crucial role in movement of allelochemicals in natural soils and greatly expand bioactive zones by providing effective transport pathways for chemical compounds. First, we tested the effects of Juglans regia leaf litter extract addition in intact or disrupted hyphal networks and simultaneously determined growth reducing effects on sensitive Lycopersicon lycopersicum plants. Second, we analyzed the effect of juglone on tomato by directly adding leaf litter. In both approaches we found an increase of juglone transport if a hyphal network was present, resulting in reduced growth of target plants.Our results, together with previous work, add to the body of evidence for hyphae of soil fungi playing an important role in the transfer of allelochemicals and effectively acting as transport highways in the field. We suggest that hyphal connections, mostly formed by AMF, increase the effectiveness of allelochemicals in natural systems and can play a crucial role in chemical interaction processes in the soil.  相似文献   

运粮河沿岸退化草地适用牧草品种的鉴选     

王英 《草业科学》1995,12(4):18-20

在运粮河中游两岸建立优质牧草品种鉴定辅，对新疆大叶紫花蓿、红三叶、草木樨、沙打旺、狐毛草和羊草４个豆科和２个和禾本科计６个品种牧草苜蓿十羊草组合牧进行适应性、抗逆性以及牧草产量和质量的鉴定筛选。  相似文献   

Effects of transport, lairage and stunning on the concentrations of some blood constituents in horses destined for slaughter     

M. Werner  C. Gallo   《Livestock Science》2008,115(1):94-98

The aim of the present study was to determine, in horses destined to slaughter, the effects of transport, lairage and stunning on some blood constituents related to stress. Twenty one horses culled from a race track due to poor athletic performance, transported weekly to a nearby slaughterhouse were used. Each horse was canulated through venipuncture of the right jugular vein with a central venous catheter which remained permanently until after the exsanguination. Through the catheter, blood samples were taken at 6 sampling times: one hour before loading of the horses, immediately after loading, at the end of the journey, immediately after unloading, after lairage, in the stunning box before stunning and during exsanguination. Blood samples were analyzed for the following variables: plasma lactate concentration, plasma creatine phosphokinase activity (CK), plasma glucose concentration, plasma cortisol concentration and packed cell volume (PCV). Time in the stunning box, number of stunning attempts, presence of return to consciousness signs and time between stunning and sticking were also recorded. The results for pre-mortem variables were: mean time in the stunning box 9 min 48 sec, 85.7% of the horses fell at the first stunning attempt, 57.2% of the horses showed signs of returning to consciousness after stunning and the most frequent interval between stunning and sticking was 1.01 to 2 min. Mean values for the blood variables showed a significant rise (P < 0.05) in the concentrations of lactate, glucose and cortisol, as well as CK activity and PCV during transport. The highest values for these blood constituents were seen before stunning and during exsanguination, except for cortisol concentration, which showed the highest values during the transport process.  相似文献   

奶牛布氏杆菌病的血清学调查及分析     

孔令萍  贺纛  张祖勇 《贵州畜牧兽医》2012,36(5):30-31

为了解奶牛布氏杆菌病的流行情况,及时消灭传染源,切断传播途径,2007年对本辖区的所有奶牛进行血清学调查。主要采用虎红平板凝集试验进行初筛,出现阳性及可疑再用试管凝集试验作进一步确诊。监测结果显示:对本辖区监测的724份奶牛血清样品中,平均阳性率为7.73%,阳性奶牛全部进行了扑杀并作无害化处理;布病在本辖区的个别奶牛场中阳性率高,在今后的一定时期内,需采取进一步的监测净化防控措施。  相似文献   

基于环境影响的公路路线方案优选   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

赵康 《森林工程》2003,19(2):21-22

本文综合分析了公路建设中与公路选线相关的环境影响问题 ,在此基础上构建了基于环境影响的公路路线方案评价指标体系 ,并探讨了用于路线方案综合评价的数学模型。  相似文献   

Prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum and aqueous humor samples from cats with uveitis or systemic diseases in France     

Meunier V  Jourda S  Deville M  Guillot J 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,140(3-4):362-365

The present study sought to elucidate whether Schistosoma japonicum eggs could survive a passage through dogs and chickens. Three dogs and three chickens were used for the experiment. The dogs were allowed to eat goat faeces containing 80 S. japonicum eggs per gram. The chickens were given 2 ml of water containing more than 100 S. japonicum eggs per ml. The hatchability of the eggs was 51.8% prior to administration. All faeces were collected for 3 days from the dogs and for 2 days from the chickens and egg excretion and hatchability were measured. The results showed that nearly 50% of the eggs administered to the dogs were recovered in the faeces during the first 2 days and during the first 25 h 39% of the recovered eggs were viable and able to hatch. In the chickens 9% of the administered eggs were recovered within 27 h and within the first 3.5 h after administration 19% of the recovered eggs were viable and able to hatch. The results suggest that both dogs and chickens may act as transport hosts for S. japonicum in endemic areas.  相似文献   

Effects of Density and Rest Stops on Movement Rates of Unrestrained Horses during Transport     

Robert CalabreseTed. H. Friend  MSc  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009

The goal of this study was to provide estimates of how much loose (unrestrained) horses move during transport. Data were collected from six shipments of slaughter horses that were transported in a 16.2-m, single-deck semi-trailer in June and July of 2004 for 18 to 20 hours as part of an earlier project. Usable video was obtained from five groups of mature horses transported at “low” density (five to seven horses per group averaging 216.5 kg/m²) and three groups of horses transported at “moderate” density (10–11 horses per group averaging 345.5 kg/m²). Three low-density and two moderate-density groups had access to six water bowls inserted through the sides of the compartments during 1-hour rest stops occurring after 8 hours and at the end of transport. Twelve cameras, one mounted in each corner of the three compartments, were used to record behavior. Distance and rate of movement by individual horses during transport and during two 1-hour rest periods were determined by analysis of 206 hours of usable video footage of individual horses. Mean movement rate tended to be higher during travel (4.23 m/hour) than during the 1-hour periods when the truck was stopped (2.75 m/hour), but it did not seem to be influenced by group density. Movement was stimulated by the availability of water during the rest stops. In general, movement was strongly influenced by one or two horses causing disruption of the group, and not by independent actions of members of the group.  相似文献