Rapid Incorporation of D-genome Chromosomes into A and/or B Genomes of Hexaploid Triticale     

E. Kaznan  T. Lelley 《Plant Breeding》1994,113(2):89-98

Two series of progenies were developed from hybrids between octoploid (AABBDDRR) and tetraploid triticale ((AB)(AB)RR). One arose from the successive selfing of the F₁s, while the second was established after one backcross of the F₁ hybrids with the respective 8 × triticale parent. Altogether, 250 F₃ and BC₁F₂ lines were developed, of which 112 were karyotyped in the F₄/F₅ or in BC₁F₃/BC₁F₄ generations using C-banding and SDS-PAGE. The 112 lines represented 61 different karyotypes, of which 39 appeared to be stabilized, having pairs of homologous wheat chromosomes only, while 22 karyotypes exhibited 1—3 heterologous pairs. The frequency of karyotypically stabilized lines originating from the series with one backcrossing was much higher (79.5 %) than those derived from the successive selfing of the F₁ hybrids (51.7%). Six lines had the pure hexaploid triticale chromosome constitution. The frequency of disomic substitutions of D genome chromosomes for their homoeologous A and/or B genome chromosomes ranged from one to six per line with an average of 1.7. Except for 3B and 6B all possible D(A/B) substitutions were obtained. Chromosomes ID and 3D substituted for their homoeologues with the highest frequency, while the substitution of chromosome 4D for 4A or for 4B was the least frequent. D(R) substitutions were found in eight lines only. A complete set of 6x triticale lines was established in which chromosome ID was present in all possible combinations, i.e. single 1D(1A/1B/1R) disomic substitutions as well as disomic ID addition.  相似文献   

Production of Primary Triticale from Calluses of Immature Abnormal Hybrid Embryos between Triticum durum and Secale cereale     

Z. Z. Shao  T. Taira  ) 《Plant Breeding》1990,105(2):81-88

Plant regeneration was attempted in callus induced from the immature abnormal hybrid embryos between T. durum and S. cereale, using 4-Huorophenoxyacetic acid as a growth regulator. In particular, the relationship of numerical variation in chromosomes between the callus tissues and the regenerated plants was investigated. Cytological observation revealed that there was no distinctive numerical difference between the shoot-forming (SF) and the non-shoot-forming calluses and also between the SF calluses and the regenerated plants. The root-tips of regenerated plants consisted of cells having various chromosome numbers, including the expected 2 n = 3 ×= 21 (genomes, ABR) of which the frequency was 69.8 %. The regenerated plants showed partial fertility, notwithstanding that the hybrid plants were expected to be sterile. Since the frequency of abnormal embryos was about 90 % in this cross, the utilization of abnormal embryos was demonstrated by use of callus culture.  相似文献   

Leaf Area, Grain Yield and Yield Components Following Forage Removal in Triticale     

L. F. García del Moral   《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1992,168(2):100-107

Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is a cereal that can be simultaneously used for forage and for grain, but this dual purpose is currently limited by a lack of information concerning the effects of forage removal on grain production. Thus, the effect of one or two successive cuttings (simulated grazing) on grain yield, yield components in the main stem and tillers, leaf area and biomass development were studied in four hexaploid triticales grown under irrigation and with high soil fertility. Forage removal reduced grain yield and grain weight per plant in proportion to the number of cuttings, mainly by reducing the number of tillers with spikes at harvest. Whereas foliage reduction did not affect the number of spikelets per spike, kernels per spike, or floral fertility in the main-stem spike, these yield components were drastically reduced in the spikes of tillers. Forage removal affected mean weight per kernel to approximately the same extent in the main stem as in the tillers. The Leaf Area Index (LAI) at anthesis showed significant loss due to cutting, mainly because of a decrease in the number of leaves per plant and in the green area per leaf. This caused similar decreases in the Leaf Area Duration (LAD) from anthesis to maturity. A strong inverse relationship was found between the percent of loss in LAI at anthesis and the final grain yield, suggesting that grain yield was largely dependent upon the ability of the crops to produce new leaf tissue rapidly in the time between cutting and anthesis.  相似文献   

Chemical Composition and In Vitro Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility of Triticale Forage     

A. L. Fearon    A. Felix  V. T. Sapra 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1990,164(4):262-270

Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivars Council and Morrison were planted in mid-September (early planting) and mid-October (late planting) in 1984 at the Alabama A &: M University-experiment station for studying organic matter digestibility. The plants were harvested at the tillering, milk and dough stages and samples were subjected to proximate analyses and in vitro digestibility tests. A 1,100 lb Hereford steer fitted with a permanent ruminal fistula was used as the rumen fluid donor. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were determined by Moore's modification of the two-stage digestion technique of T illy and T erry (1963). Triticale cultivar Council was comparable to Morrison for phosphorus (P), dry matter (DM), ceil wall content, IVDMD and IVOMD. Crude protein (CP) and ash content were significantly higher for Morrison than for Council , while gross energy (GE) was significantly higher for Council than for Morrison. Both early and late plantings showed similar levels of DM, GE, P and cell wall constituents. However, CP and ash content were higher for early planting than late planting. The tillering stage was consistently higher than the milk or dough stages for CP, ash, P, calcium (Ca), IVDMD and IVOMD. The results indicate that the milk stage was superior to the tillering or dough stages in DM and cell wall content. Results from this study showed no significant differences in digestibilities for two triticale cultivars and planting dates. Based on the higher DM content at the milk stage, it seems that milk stage in triticale would be more acceptable as a forage than the tillering or dough stage.  相似文献   

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Ear Characters in Triticale Under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions     

T. Yabasanlar  H. Özkan 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1995,174(5):297-300

In this study, the correlation and path coefficients between ear characters and grain yield per plant were determined in triticale under Mediterranean climatic conditions.
Weight of grains per ear and number of ears per plant were the most important direct components of yield. Characters like ear length and the number of spikelets per ear were not found to be the important component characters of grain yield. It could be concluded that among ear characters in triticale, the number of ears per plant and the weight of grains per ear are the most important yield contributing characters and these characters should get due consideration in future triticale breeding programmes.  相似文献   

水分胁迫对小黑麦旗叶光合特性的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

魏亦农 《种子》2004,23(8):30-31

研究比较小黑麦不同品系在不同干旱条件下,抽穗期旗单叶光合速率日变化.结果表明:小黑麦不同品种(系)光合日变化基本呈现双峰型,在干旱时旗叶光合明显下降.绿叶面积和产量之间呈显著正相关.绿叶面积大,光合持续时间就长,制造的光合产物也多.对小黑麦来说,在抽穗以后有一定的绿叶面积,较高的光合速率是其抗旱的重要生理标志.  相似文献   

饲草型小黑麦在定西地区的最佳刈割期   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵雅姣  田新会  杜文华 《草业科学》2015,(7):1143-1149

饲草型小黑麦新品系P2在孕穗期、抽穗期、开花期与乳熟期刈割,测定其鲜草产量、干草产量、鲜干比、株高、粗蛋白含量、酸性洗涤纤维及中性洗涤纤维含量等指标,利用灰色关联度分析法进行综合评价,根据评价结果确定该品系的最佳刈割期。结果表明,乳熟期干草产量最大,为21.58t·hm-2;抽穗期粗蛋白产量(2.24t·hm-2)均高于其他生育时期,且综合评价也最高。要得到较高的经济效率,应选择乳熟期刈割;而要得到最佳利用率,应选择抽穗期刈割。  相似文献   

小黑麦与小偃麦三属间杂交的研究     

王广金  武镛祥 《东北农业大学学报》1989,(4)

本文介绍了小黑麦与小偃麦三属间杂交的实验,其结果表明,正反交共39个组合,平均结实率为17.07%。正交种子发育正常,反交种子胚乳发育不完全或胚完全退化。八倍体小黑麦杂交组合的 F_1,F_2杂种生活力和育性均好于六倍体组合,八倍体杂交组合的 F_1 PMC 染色体基本构型为21Ⅱ+14Ⅰ;六倍体组合为14Ⅱ+2Ⅲ。F_2植株的染色体数变异广泛,减数分裂的染色体构型极其丰富,并出现了一些育性较高,饱满度较好的单株,其它农艺性状变异也很广泛。实验表明小黑麦与小偃麦三属间的杂交对小黑麦的改良和小麦育种均有一定的意义。  相似文献   

灰色关联分析法在粮饲兼用小黑麦育种上的应用     

刘杰  张凤云 《山东农业科学》2013,(12):10-13

为了选育和改良适宜甘肃农牧交错地带的粮饲兼用型小黑麦品种（系）,应用灰色关联分析法,分析了27个小黑麦品种（系）的籽粒产量和生物产量与株高、千粒重等6个农艺性状的关联度。结果显示,籽粒产量和生物产量与各性状的灰关联度顺序分别为：千粒重〉穗粒重〉单位面积穗数〉小穗数〉株高〉穗长;穗粒重〉单位面积穗数〉株高〉千粒重〉穗长〉小穗数。表明在甘肃河西农牧交错地带,粮饲兼用型小黑麦高产育种的主攻方向为：在单位面积穗数合理的条件下,选择穗粒重较大的品种,适当放宽对穗长和小穗数的选择要求;而对以籽粒产量为主的地区,主攻方向为：在合理的单位面积穗数条件下选择千粒重较大的品种,同时加强对穗粒重的选择,对株高、穗长等性状的选择可以适当放宽要求。  相似文献   

Modeling responses of dryland spring triticale,proso millet and foxtail millet to initial soil water in the High Plains     

S.A. Saseendran  D.C. Nielsen  D.J. Lyon  L. Ma  D.G. Felter  D.D. Baltensperger  G. Hoogenboom  L.R. Ahuja 《Field Crops Research》2009

Dryland farming strategies in the High Plains must make efficient use of limited and variable precipitation and stored water in the soil profile for stable and sustainable farm productivity. Current research efforts focus on replacing summer fallow in the region with more profitable and environmentally sustainable spring and summer crops. In the absence of reliable precipitation forecasts for the crop growing season, farmers rely mainly upon knowledge of plant available water (PAW) in the soil profile at planting for making crop choice decisions. To develop a decision support strategy for crop selection based on initial PAW, experiments were conducted with spring triticale (XTiticosecale Wittmack), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.) under artificially controlled Low, Medium, and High initial PAW levels during 2004 and 2005 at Akron, Colorado, and Sidney, Nebraska. The objectives of this study were to adapt an existing cropping systems model for the simulation of triticale and millet and to evaluate simulations from the adapted model by comparing results with field data collected under varying initial PAW conditions. The Root Zone Water Quality Model with DSSAT v4.0 crop growth modules (RZWQM2) was used. Specifically, the Cropping System Model (CSM)–CERES–Wheat module was adapted for simulating triticale, and CSM–CERES–Sorghum (v4.0) module was adapted for simulating proso millet and foxtail millet. Soil water, leaf area index, grain yield, and biomass data for the highest PAW treatment from one crop season for each of the three crops were used to adapt and calibrate the crop modules. The models were then evaluated with data from the remaining PAW treatments. The proso millet module was further tested with four years of data from a crop rotation experiment at Akron from 2003 to 2006. Simulation results indicated that the adapted and calibrated crop modules have the potential to simulate these new crops under a range of varying water availability conditions. Consequently, these models can aid in the development of decision support tools for the season-to-season management of these summer fallow replacement crops under dryland conditions in semi-arid environments.  相似文献