Changes in carotenoids and ABA content in Citrus leaves in response to girdling     

F. Rivas  F. Fornes  M.J. Rodrigo  L. Zacarías  M. Agustí 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

The effect of girdling on abscisic acid, carotenoids content, xanthophylls cycle and non-photoquemical quenching was studied in leaves from different shoot types of containerized two-year-old ‘Loretina’ mandarin during spring flush period. Girdling increased abscisic acid in young leaves and decreased it in mature leaves. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in leaf carotenoids, carotenoids:chlorophylls ratio, xanthophylls and xanthophylls cycle pool size and its de-epoxidation state in vegetative and multiflowered young leafy shoots. However, changes in de-epoxidation state did not correlate with the energy-dependent non-photochemical quenching. The role of carotenoids and abscisic acid as photoprotecting agents during the oxidative stress caused by girdling is discussed. In conclusion, this study provides evidence linking carotenoids-based photoprotecting mechanisms in the response to the stress induced by girdling in Citrus trees.  相似文献   

Expression of EAAT3 in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in CPP reinstatement rats induced by morphine     

LIU Ling  FU Yan-ni  HE Hui-yan  JI Feng-tao  LIU Fu-ning  CAO Ming-hui 《园艺学报》2011,27(9):1720-1724

AIM: To investigate the role of excitatory amino acid transporter 3(EAAT3) in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in morphine relapse by detecting the changes of EAAT3 expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in conditioned place preference (CPP) reinstatement rat model induced by morphine.METHODS: Forty adult male SD rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 rats each: control group, CPP establishment group (Es), CPP extinction group (Ex), reinstatement 2 h group (Re2) and reinstatement 4 h group (Re4).Intraperitoneal (ip) injection of morphine was applied at a constant dose (10 mg/kg) for 10 days to the established CPP model.Normal saline instead of morphine was used to induce CPP extinction for 10 days.CPP was reinstated following a single priming injection of morphine (2.5 mg/kg).After the CPP behavior test, the rats were sacrificed, and the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were collected for detecting the levels of EAAT3 by Western blotting.RESULTS: The accumulated time the rats spent in the drug-paired chamber was significantly longer in Es group, Re2 group and Re4 group than that in control group (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the expression of EAAT3 in prefrontal cortex significantly decreased both in Es group and Re4 group (P<0.05).No significant change of EAAT3 in hippocampus among groups was observed (P>0.05), while EAAT3 in hippocampal CA1 area significantly increased in Es group and Ex group as compared with control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of EAAT3 in prefrontal cortex decreases both in CPP establishment and reinstatement models, indicating that down-regulation of EAAT3 in prefrontal cortex may partly participate in the formation of opium relapse.  相似文献   

Morpho-pomological and chemical characterization of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes in Apulia region,Southeastern Italy     

Giuseppe Ferrara  Ivana Cavoski  Andrea Pacifico  Luigi Tedone  Donato Mondelli 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

A recent increasing demand in Western countries for pomegranate products by consumers is especially supported for the nutritional and medicinal characteristics, due to the antioxidant properties of this fruit. Some studies have been published on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of pomegranate fruits in some Mediterranean countries, but little information is available about the genotypes present in Italy and in particular in Apulia (Southeastern region of Italy). This study (2008–2009) evaluated morpho-pomological and chemical parameters of eight pomegranate genotypes localized in private small orchards. Significant differences were observed among the pomegranate genotypes for many of the parameters investigated. In particular, fruit weight ranged from 168.9 g (SouMol) to 574.9 g (SouOst), °Brix from 14.7 (ComTri) to 18.0 (SouMol), titratable acidity from 5.4 (ComMol) to 25.0 (SouTri) g/L. SouMol showed the highest polyphenols (97.1 mg/L) and vitamin C (236.3 mg/L) contents. Oil content of the seeds was between 5.90% and 10.30%, no differences have been observed for the fatty acid composition with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers as the most abundant fraction (81.23%). Considering all the evaluated parameters, and especially those referring to the organoleptic characteristics and antioxidants content, it must be stated that the best genotypes worthy to be considered from agricultural and industrial points of view were AdeSgi for fresh market and SouOst for the juice industry.  相似文献   

Effect of all-trans-retinoic acid on the proliferation and expression of α-SMA in human embryonic lung fibroblasts     

LI Jia-xin  HAI Guang-fan  JIA Yan-long  XIA Wu  CHEN Yong-feng  LIU Ju-yuan 《园艺学报》2011,27(4):787-790

AIM: To investigate the effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on the proliferation and differentiation of transforming growth factor β₁(TGF-β₁)-stimulated human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HFL-I).METHODS: The HFL-I cells were cultured in vitro and were pretreated with ATRA for 3 days at the concentrations of 0.1 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L. The proliferation of HFL-1 cells was detected by MTT method. The mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) in HFL-I cells stimulated with TGF-β₁ for 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h was detected by RT-PCR and the protein expression of α-SMA at the time points of 1,3 and 5 days was detected by Western blotting. The mRNA expression of α-SMA in HFL-I cells pretreated with different concentrations of ATRA for 24 h was detected the by RT-PCR and the protein expression at time point of 3rd day was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Different concentration of ATRA inhibited the proliferation of HFL-I in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Both mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA in HFL-I cells pretreated with TGF-β₁ was up-regulated (P<0.05). ATRA down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA induced by TGF-β₁ in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: ATRA inhibits the proliferation and TGF-β₁-stimulated differentiation in HFL-I cells by down-regulating the mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA.  相似文献   

改进型上流式反应器中剩余污泥快速水解酸化研究     

刘帅强  周兴求  伍健东 《中国沼气》2011,29(3)

采用改进型上流式反应器,进行了城市污水处理厂剩余污泥快速水解酸化的试验研究,考察了利用剩余污泥进行碳源开发的工艺特性.结果表明,在pH为10的条件下,控制温度为35℃,污泥停留时间为7d,水力停留时间为36 h,系统顺利启动运行,具有良好的水解酸化效果.系统出水的溶解性COD (SCOD)和VFA分别维持在978.3 ～1013.7 mg·L-1和457.7 ～512.7 mg COD·L-1,剩余污泥的水解效率最高达到14.0%.出水的氨氮(NH3-N)和溶解性磷(SP)基本稳定于112.0～128.7 mg·L-1和40.6 ～53.6 mg·L-1.  相似文献   

Microbial community composition and carbon cycling within soil microenvironments of conventional, low-input, and organic cropping systems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kong AY  Scow KM  Córdova-Kreylos AL  Holmes WE  Six J 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(1):20-30

This study coupled stable isotope probing with phospholipid fatty acid analysis (¹³C-PLFA) to describe the role of microbial community composition in the short-term processing (i.e., C incorporation into microbial biomass and/or deposition or respiration of C) of root- versus residue-C and, ultimately, in long-term C sequestration in conventional (annual synthetic fertilizer applications), low-input (synthetic fertilizer and cover crop applied in alternating years), and organic (annual composted manure and cover crop additions) maize-tomato (Zea mays - Lycopersicum esculentum) cropping systems. During the maize growing season, we traced ¹³C-labeled hairy vetch (Vicia dasycarpa) roots and residues into PLFAs extracted from soil microaggregates (53-250 μm) and silt-and-clay (<53 μm) particles. Total PLFA biomass was greatest in the organic (41.4 nmol g⁻¹ soil) and similar between the conventional and low-input systems (31.0 and 30.1 nmol g⁻¹ soil, respectively), with Gram-positive bacterial PLFA dominating the microbial communities in all systems. Although total PLFA-C derived from roots was over four times greater than from residues, relative distributions (mol%) of root- and residue-derived C into the microbial communities were not different among the three cropping systems. Additionally, neither the PLFA profiles nor the amount of root- and residue-C incorporation into the PLFAs of the microaggregates were consistently different when compared with the silt-and-clay particles. More fungal PLFA-C was measured, however, in microaggregates compared with silt-and-clay. The lack of differences between the mol% within the microbial communities of the cropping systems and between the PLFA-C in the microaggregates and the silt-and-clay may have been due to (i) insufficient differences in quality between roots and residues and/or (ii) the high N availability in these N-fertilized cropping systems that augmented the abilities of the microbial communities to process a wide range of substrate qualities. The main implications of this study are that (i) the greater short-term microbial processing of root- than residue-C can be a mechanistic explanation for the higher relative retention of root- over residue-C, but microbial community composition did not influence long-term C sequestration trends in the three cropping systems and (ii) in spite of the similarity between the microbial community profiles of the microaggregates and the silt-and-clay, more C was processed in the microaggregates by fungi, suggesting that the microaggregate is a relatively unique microenvironment for fungal activity.  相似文献   

半定量RT-PCR研究氮素形态对樱桃番茄果实中有机酸代谢相关酶基因表达的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李庆余  徐新娟  朱毅勇  董彩霞  沈其荣 《植物营养与肥料学报》2011,17(2):341-348

研究了全硝（100%NO-3）、铵硝配施（75%NO-3: 25%NH+4）及全铵（100%NH+4）营养对樱桃番茄果实有机酸含量的影响,测定了与有机酸合成相关的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPC）、柠檬酸合成酶（CS）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）活性变化,并利用RT-PCR检测了相应的基因在转录水平上的表达差异。结果表明, 1）全硝和铵硝配施处理下果实柠檬酸含量在整个生育期均显著高于全铵处理,而铵硝配施处理下果实中柠檬酸和苹果酸含量在成熟期均显著低于全硝处理。2）不同形态氮素及配施处理下,果实中柠檬酸含量与CS活性的变化趋势均呈单峰型,但到达峰值的时间不同。全铵处理下果实苹果酸含量与PEPC活性呈显著正相关,全硝、铵硝配施处理下果实苹果酸和柠檬酸含量都与MDH活性呈显著正相关。3）在膨大期和成熟期,全硝处理和铵硝配施处理下PEPC基因（PPC1、PPC2）表达显著高于全铵处理; 线粒体苹果酸脱氢酶（mMDH）的表达对果实苹果酸脱氢酶活性和苹果酸积累起主要作用,表明适当比例的铵硝配施可能通过影响果实中PEPC和MDH的活性和基因表达从而显著降低成熟果实有机酸的含量。  相似文献   

大量分离松材线虫幼虫及获得无菌幼虫的方法     

叶兼菱  张建平  陶坚  赵博光 《中国森林病虫》2011,30(5)

利用松材线虫成虫和幼虫在比重和运动性方面的差异,通过在0.3%羧甲基纤维素钠盐溶液中沉降而得到分离。并在4℃条件下用3%H2O2处理松材线虫幼虫60 min而得到无菌幼虫。  相似文献   

富γ-氨基丁酸茶的药理功能研究进展     

刘宗岸 《热带农业科技》2011,34(1)

综述了富γ-氨基丁酸茶的药理功能和γ-氨基丁酸富集方法的研究进展,提出应进一步改进和完善富γ-氨基丁酸茶的加工工艺和我国富γ-氨基丁酸茶叶产品的广阔市场前景。  相似文献   

复合污染情况下对土壤中主要酶活性的影响     

唐美珍  郭正元  陈峻峰 《绿色科技》2011,(10)

采用盆栽试验,运用正交试验设计（L9（34））,研究了酸雨、重金属镉和农药敌杀死复合污染情况下对土壤脱氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和转化酶活性的影响。结果表明：农药敌杀死是制约土壤酶活性的最为重要的因素;Cd对土壤脱氢酶和脲酶均有显著的抑制作用,抑制率分别达12．8％和61．3％,但对蔗糖酶和转化酶影响很小,方差分析结果显示无统计学意义;酸雨仅对转化酶有显著影响,最大抑制率为4．4％,对蔗糖酶有一定的影响,但不显著,时脱氢酶和脲酶的影响很小,方差分析结果显示无统计学意义。  相似文献