Differences in Starch Characteristics of Rice Strains Having Different Sensitivities to Maturation Temperatures     

Y. Suzuki  Y. Sano  T. Ishikawa  T. Sasaki  U. Matsukura  H.-Y. Hirano 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2004,190(3):218-221

The amylose synthesis in rice with Wx^b is affected by environmental temperature during seed development. We previously isolated a mutant candidate (coi) in which amylose synthesis is insensitive to a cool temperature. Here, the effects of maturation temperature (21 °C vs. 28 °C) on the starch characteristics of coi and its original strain 76‐3/T65 were studied. Amylose contents and gelatinization properties of 76‐3/T65 were affected by maturation temperatures, while coi was less affected. The amylopectin chain length distributions were almost the same between the two strains maturated at both temperatures. Gelatinization onset (T_o), peak (T_p), conclusion temperatures (T_c) and enthalpies (ΔH) decreased with environmental temperatures, and T_p, T_c and ΔH of coi at 21 °C were significantly higher than those of 76‐3/T65. Thus, the coi mutant, less affected by maturation temperature than that of 76‐3/T65, may be a useful strain in understanding biochemical and genetic starch biosynthesis response to slight changes in temperature.  相似文献   

土壤质地对冬小麦淀粉组分积累动态及直支比的影响     

闫凌云  赵喜茹  郭天财  王应君  韩巧霞 《河南农业科学》2006,(10):16-19

研究了3个小麦品种在3种质地土壤上直链淀粉和支链淀粉的积累动态,结果表明:在不同质地土壤上,直链淀粉的积累动态均呈线性增长趋势;支链淀粉的积累动态均呈抛物线增长。直链淀粉积累动态在粘土和壤土上均达显著水平,砂土上达极显著水平。支链淀粉的积累动态在壤土上达显著水平,在砂土和粘土上则差异不显著。不同质地间直支比的动态变化差异不显著。  相似文献   

小麦胚乳Wx蛋白缺失对籽粒淀粉含量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

师凤华  徐杰  李保云  刘广田 《中国农业大学学报》2006,11(6):41-44

旨在通过比较不同的小麦胚乳Wx蛋白亚基缺失类型材料籽粒的Wx蛋白总量支直链淀粉含量及总淀粉含量,明确胚乳Wx蛋白对支直链淀粉合成的作用。利用SDS-PAGE方法鉴定了13个品种Wx蛋白亚基组成,并测定了这些品种的Wx蛋白总量、直、支链淀粉含量及直/支比。结果表明,任何Wx基因缺失都会造成Wx蛋白合成数量的明显著减少,随着Wx基因不表达的数量增多,Wx蛋白合成的减少量增多;糯麦的直链淀粉含量最少。Wx蛋白含量与直链淀粉含量和直/支链淀粉含量之间存在极显著和显著的正相关,r=0.860 0,r=0.810 8;Wx蛋白含量与支链淀粉含量之间呈中度相关,r=0.402 7,这说明Wx蛋白总含量对直链淀粉含量的大小起到决定性作用,而对支链淀粉和总淀粉含量只有一定影响;通过操纵Wx基因可以改变籽粒胚乳中的直链淀粉含量和淀粉的直/支比,进而达到改进淀粉理化特性和加工特性的作用。  相似文献   

A novel waxy allele in sorghum landraces in East Asia     

Hiroyuki Kawahigashi  Masao Oshima  Tomotaro Nishikawa  Hisahito Okuizumi  Shigemitsu Kasuga  Jun‐ichi Yonemaru 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(3):305-310

A loss of granule‐bound starch synthase I (GBSS I) activity results in starch granules that contain mostly amylopectin and little or no amylose, a phenotype described as waxy. Previously, two phenotypic classes of waxy alleles, wx^a, associated with no detectable GBSS I, and wx^b, associated with apparently inactive GBSS I in the endosperm, were reported in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). In this study, the waxy alleles in a sorghum core collection were investigated using DNA markers. Of the 337 sorghum accessions examined, 17 accessions that were confirmed to be waxy by a negative iodine staining result and 16 were found to be wx^a. A novel waxy allele, wx^c, was found in a Taiwanese landrace. This allele consists of a +1G to C mutation in the 5′ splice site at the intron 10–exon 11 boundary, a mutation that most likely resulted in the suppression of GBSS I gene expression. A DNA marker specific for wx^c was produced to distinguish the wx^c allele from other alleles, allowing the identification of heterozygous non‐waxy plants.  相似文献   

Stärke- und Amylosesynthese in Samen von Mark- und Futtererbsen     

H. E. Haeder 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1989,163(4):217-224

Changes of clay soils under organic and conventional farming
Chemical, mineralogical and soil-physical measurements were performed on clay soils, which were cultivated under conventional and organical production system for the last 14 years. Soils in the organic system [TNL soils] were loosened from 10–35 cm and organic residues and manure were incorporated into the 0–10 cm layer by a rotowator. Soils in the conventional system [TKL soils] were plowed to a depth of 22 cm. Humus and nitrogen reserve and the amount of mobile phosphate in the top soils of the TNL soils were higher than in those of the TKL soils. The exchangeable potassium in the top soil was higher in TKL soils than in TNL soils, whereas the organic system (TNL) showed a more equal distribution within top and subsoil. This observation was confirmed by measurements of the mobile potassium (ARo-values).
The contents of 2:1 layer silicates with expanded layers was lower in the top soil of TKL soils than in TNL soils. This can be explained by the reduced application of liquid manure (Gülle) and the missing application of potassium fertilizer on TNL soils. The layer charge of the expanded minerals ranged from -0.80 to -0.68 for the vermiculites, and from -0.45 to -0.35 for the smectites, per formula unit respectively.
No influence on the percentage of the fine and mid pores was found. The amount of slow draining large pores (Ø 50-10 μm) was higher in TNL soils than in TKL soils, only in a neighbouring pasture soil the proportion of these pore exceeded those of TNL soils. Measurements of pore continuity did not show such a clear difference between TKL and TNL soils, but was higher for TNL soils.  相似文献   

糯玉米支链淀粉含量和含糖量性状的配合力分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘鹏飞  王晓明  曾幕衡  王汉宁 《甘肃农业大学学报》2008,43(3)

以8个糯玉米自交系为亲本,按Griffing完全双列杂交方法Ⅳ配制组合,研究了糯玉米籽粒支链淀粉含量和含糖量性状的配合力效应.结果表明:糯玉米的支链淀粉、含糖量性状除主要受加性基因控制外还受非加性基因控制;不同自交系之间,一般配合力有显著的差异,不同组合间的特殊配合力也存在显著差异;集一般配合力和特殊配合力之合的总配合力效应,可以较好地反映各个杂交组合的优势强弱.支链淀粉性状的总配合力效应值以组合N4×N5最高,其次大小为:N4×N7>N8×N27>N4×N23>N4×N8.含糖量性状的总配合力效应值以组合N5×N12最高,其次大小为:N5×N23>N4×N5>N4×N7>N23×N27.  相似文献   

Glass transition temperature of starches with different amylose/amylopectin ratios     

Peng Liu  Long Yu  Xueyu Wang  Dan Li  Ling Chen  Xiaoxi Li 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010

The glass transition temperatures (T_g) of starch with different amylose/amylopectin ratios were systematically studied by a high-speed DSC. The cornstarches with different amylose contents (waxy 0; maize 23, G50 50 and G80 80) were used as model materials. The high heating speed (up to 300 °C/min) allows the weak T_g of starch to be visible and the true T_g was calculated by applying linear regression to the results from different heating rates. It is confirmed for the first time, that the higher the amylose content is, the higher the T_g is for the same kind of starch. The sequence of true T_g of cornstarch is G80 > G50 > maize > waxy when samples contain the same moisture content, which corresponds to their amylose/amylopectin ratio. It was found that T_g was increased from about 52 to 60 °C with increasing amylose content from 0 to 80 for the samples containing about 13% moisture. The microstructure and phase transition were used to explain this phenomenon, in particular the multiphase transitions that occur in high-amylose starches at higher temperatures, and the gel-ball structure of gelatinized amylopectin.  相似文献   

长江下游地区部分优质粳稻品种与越光稻米支链淀粉结构特征及品质性状比较   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李丁鲁  张建明  王慧  李茂柏  朴钟泽 《中国水稻科学》2010,24(4):379-384

为探讨具有优异食味品质的日本粳稻品种越光与中国长江下游地区食味品质好的水稻品种稻米的支链淀粉链长分布和主要品质特征差异,以期为中国优质水稻育种提供理论依据,选用长江下游地区公认的食味品质好的5个粳型水稻品种稻米和日本新泻地区生产的越光稻米为材料,分析支链淀粉链长分布、稻米RVA谱、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、TOYO味度值等主要品质特性的差异及其相关性。越光的稻米支链淀粉链长分布和直链淀粉含量等主要品质指标与长江下游地区食味品质好的品种没有明显差异,支链淀粉长链部分(Fb3)和蛋白质含量显著低于长江下游地区食味品质好的品种,支链淀粉短/长链比(Fa/Fb3)显著高于长江下游地区食味品质好的品种。越光稻米中Mg、K含量以及淀粉谱特性中最高黏度、崩解值均显著高于长江下游地区食味品质好的品种。支链淀粉的短链部分(5≤DP≤12)所占比率与最高黏度值和崩解值呈显著正相关,Fa/Fb3与最高黏度和崩解值均呈显著正相关。由此认为,通过育种手段改善稻米的支链淀粉理化特性,并在栽培措施上通过降低氮肥施用量来降低稻米中蛋白质含量,是提高长江下游地区水稻品种食味品质的有效途径。  相似文献   

高度支化碳水化合物植物糖原的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李健  黄蕾  姚远  马永强 《农产品加工．学刊》2010,(4):35-38,50

植物糖原是植物su1突变体内存在的一种可溶性的α-D-葡聚糖。由于这些突变体缺乏淀粉脱支酶,导致其在植物胚乳内形成了高度支化的植物糖原纳米颗粒,取代了普通淀粉颗粒的合成。植物糖原是比支链淀粉分支更多、更短,结构更加紧密的球形颗粒。高度支化结构赋予植物糖原相对于淀粉和其他多糖更特殊的性质,可应用于某些独特的领域。通过与支链淀粉对比,对植物糖原的生物合成机理、结构及理化性质等方面的研究进行了全面综述,介绍了植物糖原在应用研究方面的最新进展。  相似文献   

鲜食型糯玉米果皮厚度和支链淀粉含量的遗传特性     

曾慕衡  刘鹏飞  蒋锋  王晓明 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,38(1):97-103

【目的】研究鲜食型糯玉米果皮厚度和支链淀粉含量的遗传特性,为选育优质、高产的鲜食糯玉米品种提供理论依据。【方法】采用Griffing双列杂交法Ⅳ,以8个糯玉米亲本为研究对象,对其果皮厚度和支链淀粉含量的遗传特性进行了系统分析。【结果】糯玉米果皮厚度表现出一定的负向超亲优势,支链淀粉含量的杂种优势较弱,表现近低亲遗传;糯玉米果皮厚度和支链淀粉含量的变异既有加性基因作用,也有非加性基因作用;8个糯玉米亲本果皮厚度的GCA值大小为N7N23N34N46N28N4N8N27,支链淀粉含量的GCA值大小为N23N7N28N27N34N8N4N46;果皮厚度的广义遗传力较高(90.53%),果皮厚度和支链淀粉含量的狭义遗传力均较低;N8、N27是选育薄皮糯玉米的理想亲本,N23是选育高支链淀粉含量糯玉米的理想亲本。相关性及通径分析结果表明,果皮厚度与雄穗长呈显著正相关,与行粒数呈极显著负相关;支链淀粉含量与株高、穗位叶面积呈显著正相关,与雄穗长、穗长呈极显著正相关,与雄穗分支数呈显著负相关。【结论】利用杂种优势可以选育果皮较薄的糯玉米杂交组合;通过分析亲本和组合的配合力效应及方差,可以对糯玉米自交系的利用价值进行评价;果皮厚度和支链淀粉含量与部分农艺性状相关性显著,可以提高糯玉米品质育种的效率。  相似文献