The Null-4A Allele at the Waxy Locus in Durum Wheat affects Pasta Cooking Quality     

R. Sharma  M. J. Sissons  A. J. Rathjen  C. F. Jenner   《Journal of Cereal Science》2002,35(3):287

Granule-bound starch synthase, also known as the waxy protein catalyses the synthesis of amylose in wheat endosperm starch. In durum wheats, the genes encoding GBSS are present at the two Wx loci on chromosome 7A and 4A (a segment of 7B that has been translocated). Several null Wx-B1 (missing GBSS protein from chromosome 4A) durum lines were produced from crosses with null-4A bread wheats backcrossed to durum wheats. Semolina milled from 4 normal and 7 null-4A durum wheat lines grown over two seasons (1999 and 2000) in South Australia were analysed for amylose content, starch pasting properties as measured by the Rapid Viscoanalyzer (RVA), swelling power and starch damage, protein content and electrophoretic protein analysis. Spaghetti was prepared with a micro-scale extruder and the cooked pasta evaluated for cooking loss, firmness, stickiness and water absorption. The null-4A lines had significantly lower (ca. 5%) amylose content, higher starch peak viscosities and semolina swelling power. The pasta derived from the null-4A lines had lower cooking loss and in 1999 was more adhesive than the non-waxy lines. Cooking loss was correlated with amylose content, peak starch viscosity, swelling power of semolina and cooked pasta adhesiveness. Semolina swelling power was highly correlated with RVA peak viscosity. Waxy durum wheats appear to have an advantage over the normal types in terms of lower cooking loss, widely used as an indicator of pasta cooking quality.  相似文献   

米粉专用稻稻米直链淀粉含量的化学调控   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吴成春  李合松  王学华  蔺万煌  刘莉莉  马绪亮 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,33(5):513-517

为提高米粉专用稻稻米品质,采用齐穗期喷施的方法,研究了2种化学调节剂(自配)对米粉专用稻湘早籼33号稻米直链淀粉含量的影响及其生理基础.结果表明,化学调节剂通过影响米粉稻剑叶同化产物的分配及其籽粒中蔗糖和淀粉的积累,调节稻米直链淀粉含量;一种调节剂能降低直链淀粉含量;另一种调节剂能提高直链淀粉含量.  相似文献   

饲料中高直链淀粉对大口黑鲈肠道物理屏障和菌群的影响          下载免费PDF全文

刘欣平  董文静  黄汉  廖瑞生  陈拥军  谭北平  林仕梅 《水产学报》2023,47(10):109601-109601

为了评价淀粉结构对大口黑鲈肠道健康的影响，用10%的普通玉米淀粉（直/支链比例为3：7，CS）和高直链玉米淀粉（直/支链比例为7：3，HACS）分别配制成CS和HACS两组等氮等脂的实验饲料，在室内循环系统中饲养初重为（8.53±0.06）g的大口黑鲈8周。结果显示，HACS组大口黑鲈特定生长率（SGR）和蛋白质效率（PER) 显著高于CS组。同CS组相比， HACS组肠道过氧化氢酶（CAT）和总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）的活性显著升高，且抗氧化基因nrf2、cat的表达量显著上调。同时，HACS组促炎细胞因子（tnf-α、il-8）的相对表达量显著下调，而抗炎细胞因子（tgf-β）的相对表达量显著上调。此外，HACS组在门水平中显著提高放线菌门的丰度，在属水平中显著提高有益菌乳酸菌属的丰度，降低部分潜在有害菌（不动杆菌属、考克氏菌属）的丰度。进一步表型预测发现相较于普通玉米淀粉，饲喂高直链玉米淀粉能显著降低革兰氏阴性菌比例，增加革兰氏阳性菌比例，显著降低潜在致病菌丰度。由此可见，高直链淀粉能提高大口黑鲈抗氧化能力和免疫水平，改善肠道形态结构和肠道菌群。因此，高直链淀粉能改善大口黑鲈的肠道健康状况。  相似文献   

利用分子标记辅助选择技术选育具有中等直链淀粉含量的早稻品种   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

夏明元李进波  张建华万丙良 戚华雄 《华中农业大学学报》2004,23(2):183-186

利用高产早稻品系4384和优质早稻品种舟903杂交，杂交后代与4384回交后连续自交，在分离世代利用Wx基因的酶切扩增多态性序列(CAPS)标记选择Wx基因型中具有TT位点的单株或株系，并在田间选择农艺性状。在BC1F6获得92个Wx基因型纯合的株系，从中选择7个农艺性状较优以及外观品质较好的株系进入小区观察试验。综合农艺性状的表现和米质分析的结果，初步选育出产量较高及直链淀粉含量适中的品系Z080和Z115。  相似文献