Cephalosporins – pharmacological basis of clinical use in veterinary dermatology     

I.S. Mason  & M. Kietzmann 《Veterinary dermatology》1999,10(3):187-192

Cephalosporins form a large group of β-lactam antibiotics which are used extensively in human medicine and to a lesser extent in domestic animals. In veterinary dermatology, the principle use for the cephalosporins is the clinical management of canine pyoderma associated with Staphylococcus intermedius . In practice, the use of orally administered first generation cephalosporin drugs to affected dogs is well tolerated and highly efficacious. Bacterial drug resistance appears to occur rarely.  相似文献   

大黄素甲醚、大黄酸的研究进展     

陈家琪  刘佳琪  胡会龙  王长江  何诚 《中国兽药杂志》2023,57(8):79-87

2014年世界卫生组织首份全球抗菌素耐药报告显示全世界面临严重的公共卫生威胁,2021年农业农村部制定了《全国兽用抗菌药使用减量化行动方案》(2021-2025),从国家层面实施综合治理策略和措施,鼓励替代抗菌药物的研制和创新。大黄素甲醚、大黄酸作为植物蒽醌类有效成分,具有抗微生物、抗炎、抗氧化、神经保护等药理作用,但对其抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎症相关的作用机制和产业化工艺缺少详细报道。本文对国内外已经发表的专利文献、期刊文献进行综述,总结其抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎作用机制及其生产工艺,以期为进一步开发利用提供科学支撑。  相似文献   

坛紫菜叶状体的抗生素联合除菌效果     

顾登辉  朱竹君  胡代福  杨锐  骆其君  陈娟娟  吴玮  陈海敏 《水产学报》2020,44(3):487-494

为研究坛紫菜及其外生菌群对氯霉素、竹桃霉素和头孢噻肟3种抗生素的敏感性,通过将其与氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素和庆大霉素的组合,优化坛紫菜叶状体的除菌方法,并利用涂布平板、qRT-PCR及16S rRNA测序分析其除菌效果。结果显示,当坛紫菜先以氨苄青霉素(300 mg/L)、卡那霉素(100 mg/L)和庆大霉素(100 mg/L)混合处理18 h,再以氯霉素(50 mg/L)、头孢噻肟(200 mg/L)和竹桃霉素(50 mg/L)混合处理4 d,叶状体的健康率保持在96.3%以上,而对可培养细菌的抑制率达到99.9%。根据qRT-PCR和16S rRNA的结果可知,该种组合方法较前3种抗生素的组合,其菌总数下降41.5%,微生物的丰度和多样性指数明显下降。其中,假单胞菌、交替赤杆菌、交替单胞菌以及海杆菌等得到针对性的抑制。研究表明,多种抗生素的优化组合能够对坛紫菜叶片的菌群结构产生显著影响,使其受到抑制,但仍无法达到绝对除菌的效果。  相似文献   

左氧氟沙星在铁氧化物表面的吸附：动力学和pH的影响     

刘自超  任亚男  周文静  刘春晖  李孜娴  杨金康  孙齐状  王龙  赵鹏 《农业环境科学学报》2023,42(2):362-372

通过批吸附动力学、等温吸附试验,并结合X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术和衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATRFTIR),揭示不同pH下左氧氟沙星(LEV)在铁氧化物表面的吸附机制。结果表明：溶液pH对LEV在针铁矿表面的吸附影响较大,不同pH下,其吸附动力学更符合准二级动力学模型(R²>0.98)。在pH为4时,3 h左右达到吸附平衡,而在pH为8时,12 h达到吸附平衡,并且pH为4的吸附量约是pH为8的2倍。XPS和ATR-FTIR的结果一致表明,静电作用和化学吸附是其主要吸附机制,在低pH(pH为4)时,LEV在针铁矿表面主要以单核双齿形态被吸附,在高pH(pH为8)时,主要以双核双齿形态被吸附。在中间pH(pH为6)时,由于静电排斥作用,导致其吸附量最大。  相似文献   

Rapid Onset of the Accelerated Degradation of Dicarboximide Fungicides in a UK Soil with a Long History of Agrochemical Exclusion     

Jean A. Mitchell  Ronald B. Cain 《Pest management science》1996,48(1):1-11

In field and laboratory experiments, enhanced degradation of the dicarboximide fungicides, iprodione and vinclozolin, was stimulated by only one application of the fungicides in a soil with no previous history of any pesticide input. Field and laboratory studies demonstrated the ease of stimulation by pre-treatment with even very low concentrations of the fungicides (0·5 μg g⁻¹ soil) and at a range of temperatures and soil moisture conditions. Soils that had acquired full enhanced degradation could rapidly degrade fungicide applied at 30 times the recommended field rate. Cross-enhancement of degradation was noted with both fungicides, but not with their common metabolite, 3,5-dichloroaniline. Application of the antibiotics chloramphenicol or rifampicin to soil reduced enhanced degradation to control levels; cycloheximide had no effect. This, together with the inhibitory action of azide, mercuric chloride and repetitive microwaving, indicated that the agent(s) of enhanced degradation was probably bacterial.  相似文献   

Isolation, identification, and characterization of an aluminum-tolerant bacterium Burkholderia sp. SB1 from an acidic red soil     

HUANG Shoucheng  WANG Xiaodong  LIU Xu  HE Genhe  WU Jichun 《土壤圈》2018,28(6):905-912

Aluminum (Al) toxicity usually occurs in acidic soils worldwide, which is detrimental to the growth of organisms. An Al-tolerant bacterium, SB1, was isolated from an acidic red soil of Chingkang Mountain, located in Jiangxi Province of China. Polyphasic analysis, including a 16S rDNA phylogenetic tree as well as morphological and physicochemical properties, revealed that the isolate was a gramnegative, rod-shaped bacterium, which was recognized as Burkholderia sp. SB1 and had extreme acidity tolerance (pH 2.2) and excellent Al resistance (270 mg L^-1 Al³⁺). It could remove Al by up to 97.7% at a concentration of 54 mg L^-1 Al³⁺. SB1 behavior under different temperatures and antibiotics was also examined. SB1 preferred moderate temperature conditions, ranging from 25 to 37℃, and exhibited notable resistance to multiple antibiotics (including ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline), except for being sensitive to chloramphenicol. Therefore, as the first reported bacterium to possess favorable Al resistance and excellent Al removal, Burkholderia sp. SB1 can potentially be used as an agent for bioremediation of Al-contaminated acidic red soils.  相似文献   

Fenton法对沼液中三种四环素类和三种磺胺类抗生素氧化去除的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

迟翔  周文兵  武林  吴飞  肖乃东  朱端卫 《农业环境科学学报》2018,37(11):2451-2455

近年来各类抗生素广泛地用于畜禽养殖,经动物代谢后随粪便和尿液排出体外。代谢物通过沼气工程处理后,得到的沼液又多用于灌溉,使得抗生素进入环境被农作物吸收,通过食物链的传递对人体产生危害。因而沼液中抗生素的去除尤为重要。采用Fenton氧化技术去除沼液中的三种四环素类和三种磺胺类抗生素,通过设置单因素实验考察了pH值、H_2O_2浓度、摩尔比n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))对抗生素去除的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为pH=4,H_2O_2浓度为0.4 mol·L~(-1),n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))=10∶1,在此条件下,四环素、土霉素、金霉素去除率分别为91.83%、92.38%、80.52%,磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶去除率分别为93.60%、91.97%、91.60%。同时TN、TP、TK的保留率分别为96.0%、97.7%、97.2%。可见,Fenton氧化法对沼液中抗生素的去除有良好的效果,同时又保证其养分的保留,为沼液中抗生素的去除提供了一条可能的途径。  相似文献   

分子印迹固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定牛奶中四环素类抗生素残留     

付珍珍  曾月  李增威  何利  周康  刘书亮  邹立扣  敖晓琳  陈姝娟 《浙江农业学报》2018,30(2):314

采用分子印迹技术合成四环素类分子印迹聚合物,以其为填料制备固相萃取柱,运用高效液相色谱法测定牛奶中的四环素类抗生素。具体地,以盐酸强力霉素为模板分子、甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用沉淀聚合法在丙酮-乙腈混合溶液中制备具有特异性吸附能力的分子印迹聚合物,通过高效液相色谱仪检测其吸附四环素类抗生素的能力,并将其作为填料制备固相萃取柱,用于牛奶中四环素类抗生素残留检测。结果显示,四环素类抗生素在0.05~10.0 μg·mL^-1范围内线性良好,加标回收率为79.4%~86.3%,相对标准偏差均小于3.8%,准确性较好。四环素和土霉素的检出限为0.02 μg·mL^-1,金霉素的检出限为0.05 μg·mL^-1,检测灵敏度高,特异性识别能力强。  相似文献   

抗生素相关性腹泻对小鼠血常规的影响     

邓艳玲  刘又嘉  肖新云  谭周进 《湖南农业科学》2016,(6):23-25

以小鼠为对象,通过抗生素混合液灌胃5 d建立小鼠肠道菌群失调模型,以等量生理盐水为对照,研究抗生素相关腹泻对小鼠血常规的影响。结果表明:抗生素相关性腹泻使小鼠血小板数量及平均体积均显著小于对照组(P0.05),红细胞分布宽度显著大于对照组(P0.05),其余各项指标均与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。这表明抗生素相关性腹泻可显著降低血小板计数、血小板平均体积和红细胞分布宽度,对小鼠的凝血功能有显著的影响。  相似文献   

水产品等食品中磺胺类抗生素残留分析与预处理方法的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩欢  徐婧  孔亮  李伟  董美玲  刘琪  王春光 《河北渔业》2014,(6):52-57

对水产品等食品中磺胺类抗生素常用的分析方法和预处理方法进行了综述,归纳和比较了毛细管电泳法、微生物方法、液相色谱-质谱法、免疫法、气相色谱法、分光光度法、高效液相色谱法等特点。其中高效液相色谱法由于操作简便、快速、灵敏、准确的特点,是当前检测磺胺类抗生素的主要方法。同时,对包括固相萃取、分子印迹等预处理方法进行了综述。  相似文献