Economic performance and comparative riskiness of different management practices for control of botrytis fruit rot in florida strawberry     

《Crop Protection》2016

Florida strawberry farmers usually rely on weekly calendar fungicide applications to prevent yield loss from Botrytis fruit rot (BFR). The Strawberry Advisory System (SAS), which helps optimize the timing of fungicide applications, is an additional tool in the farmers' arsenal of disease control options. This study uses data from two-year production trials in Florida combined with historical strawberry prices to measure the economic performance of the Calendar and SAS-based BFR management practices under output price risk and producers' risk preferences. We use Monte Carlo simulation to model the effect of the variability in weekly output prices on farm returns. Results reveal that the traditional calendar-based system is not the least risky BFR management option as growers expected to be. SAS-based options such as SAS-Switch and SAS-Luna would be preferred by both risk-neutral and risk-averse producers and are recommended under high disease pressure conditions.  相似文献   

滇朴干基腐朽病发生规律及综合防治     

刘宇  李赛  许晓波  伍建榕 《西南林学院学报》2011,31(3):54-56,76

对滇朴干基腐朽病的调查、室内保湿培养、分离鉴定结果表明：引起滇朴干基腐朽的病原为伏革菌科隔孢伏革菌属的乳白隔孢伏革菌。该病害的发生随温度的升高、树龄的增长、降水的减少而逐渐严重，在土壤瘠薄、保水能力差的区域内发病严重。药剂防治80d后，用急救回生丹：金雷：水=1：1：50树干注射、包干的相对防效达86％；枝、干、叶喷70％甲基托布津＋杀毒矾700倍液的相对防效为79％；根部浇灌58％的雷多米尔＋杀毒矾800倍液的相对防效为81％。  相似文献   

Analyzing isolate variability of Macrophomina phaseolina from a regional perspective     

《Crop Protection》2016

Sexton, Z.S., Hughes, T.J., and Wise, K.A. 20XX. Analyzing isolate variability of Macrophomina phaseolina from a regional perspective. Crop Protection. XX:XXXX. Charcoal rot of soybean (Glycine max L.), caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, has been reported more frequently in the north–central United States in recent years. Growth of isolates collected from the northern and southern U.S. was compared in vitro under various incubation temperatures, and isolate pathogenicity was assessed on cultivars adapted to each region. Results indicate that northern isolates had increased growth at 15 °C compared to isolates from southern states, while southern isolates grew 23% more at 40°C compared to northern isolates. Isolates from both regions were pathogenic on charcoal rot resistant and susceptible cultivars adapted for each region. This is the first research to suggest the importance of screening germplasm under regional environmental conditions and with local or regionally adapted isolates when evaluating cultivar resistance to charcoal rot.  相似文献   

大白菜软腐病苗期抗性及其与成株期抗性的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张学君  张斌 《华北农学报》1995,10(3):80-83

对６６个大白菜品种苗期抗性的测定结果表明，不同品种对细菌根系侵入和潜伏侵染的抗性存在显著差别；同一品种幼苗对侵入侵染的抗性与对潜伏侵染的抗性间没有相关性。幼苗期的组织含菌量与成株的田间软腐病发病程度有一定的相关性。并初步建立了大白菜对软腐病苗期抗性的鉴定方法。  相似文献   

Black soldier fly and yellow mealworm live larvae for broiler chickens: Effects on bird performance and health status     

Sara Bellezza Oddon  Ilaria Biasato  Arianna Imarisio  Miha Pipan  Dominik Dekleva  Elena Colombino  Maria Teresa Capucchio  Marco Meneguz  Stefania Bergagna  Raffaella Barbero  Marta Gariglio  Sihem Dabbou  Edoardo Fiorilla  Laura Gasco  Achille Schiavone 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(Z1):10-18

The commercial broiler chicken strains are the result of successful selection programmes. Most of the problems related to welfare arise from the high growth rate and body weight. The use of environmental enrichments in intensive farming could have a positive effect on birds by increasing animal welfare. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae in the diets of broiler chickens on growth performance, carcass yield and health status. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 18 pens. Each pen was assigned to one of the three dietary treatments (6 replicates/treatment, 10 birds/replicate) as follows: (i) control diet (C): commercial feed (two feeding phases: starter [4–11 days] and grower [12–38 days]), (ii) HI: C + 5% of the expected daily feed intake (DFI) HI live larvae (calculated on dry matter [DM]) and (iii) TM: C + 5% of DFI TM live larvae (DM). At 39 days of age, birds were slaughtered. Growth performance parameters were overall not affected by dietary treatments, except for the grower phase feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the overall FCR being better in the TM broilers than the others (p < 0.01). No differences were observed for slaughtering performance and haematological and serum parameters, except for the spleen relative weight being higher (p < 0.01) in the birds administered with larvae when compared to the C group. Gut morphometric indexes and histopathological alterations were not influenced by insect larvae administration. In conclusion, the administration in limited quantities of HI and TM live larvae as environmental enrichment has no negative effects on broiler chicken growth performance and health status. A behavioural study could confirm that live insect larvae represent a novel natural environmental enrichment in broiler farming.  相似文献   

子午岭黑山羊与辽宁绒山羊产肉性能、肉品质、肌肉营养成分和脂肪酸含量比较     

王继卿  沈继源  刘秀  李少斌  罗玉柱  赵孟丽  郝志云  柯娜  宋宜泽  乔莉蓉 《草业学报》2021,30(2):166-177

1990年,甘肃省庆阳市开始引入辽宁绒山羊对子午岭黑山羊进行杂交改良,但目前尚不清楚2个品种在脂肪酸含量、肌肉营养成分等方面的差异,影响了杂交改良效果。试验旨在分析两个绒山羊品种的产肉性能、肉品质、肌肉营养成分和脂肪酸含量差异,为绒山羊的杂交改良提供理论依据。本研究选取相同饲养管理条件下、9月龄的子午岭黑山羊和辽宁绒山羊公羊各5只,测定其屠宰性能以及背最长肌、前腿肌和后腿肌处的肉品质、脂肪酸含量和肌肉营养成分。结果表明：子午岭黑山羊的胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率、眼肌面积、GR值、剪切力和滴水损失低于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.05）,但其肌肉的平均亮度值、色度值、pH₁和pH₂₄高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）。营养成分测定结果表明,子午岭黑山羊肌肉的水分和粗灰分含量高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.05）,但肌内脂肪和粗蛋白含量低于辽宁绒山羊。在2个山羊品种的肌肉中均检测到11 种饱和脂肪酸（SFA,以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主）、10种多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA,以亚油酸和顺-11,14-二十碳二烯酸为主）和6种单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA,以油酸为主）,子午岭黑山羊肉中的SFA、PUFA、n-3 PUFA、n-6 PUFA含量和PUFA/SFA值均高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）,但MUFA含量低于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）。结果表明,辽宁绒山羊有更高的产肉力,但子午岭黑山羊肌肉品质和营养成分更佳,脂肪酸组成和含量更符合人类健康膳食标准。  相似文献   

基于RAGA的PPC模型在黑土区玉米调亏灌溉评价中的应用     

邹兵兵  魏永霞  王敏 《节水灌溉》2015,(3):81-84

调亏灌溉作为一种行之有效的节水灌溉方式,对黑土区农业水资源的可持续高效利用具有重要意义。而调亏灌溉方案的优劣取决于它的综合效果,难以直观评价。以2013年在黑龙江省红星农场进行的玉米调亏灌溉技术效应的试验研究为基础,选取了8个评价指标,采用投影寻踪分类模型(PPC),利用基于实数编码的加速遗传算法(RAGA)优化其投影方向,根据投影函数值得到各评价指标对综合评价的贡献大小对不同调亏处理的各项指标进行排序。结果表明:苗期水分调亏程度为田间持水量60%的处理为最佳调亏灌溉方案,产量和水分利用效率比适宜调亏灌溉处理分别提高了2.11%和6.42%。研究结果可为黑土区玉米灌溉管理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

紫花苜蓿根腐新病原-厚垣镰孢菌生物学特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

柏玉晶  张贞明  姚玉玲  薛莉  张振粉  杨成德 《草原与草坪》2016,(6):49-54

针对紫花苜蓿根腐致病菌厚垣镰孢菌(Fusarium chlamydosporum)在不同温度、光照、p H和多种碳氮源条件下的生物学特性,采用菌饼法进行了测定,并对不同碳氮源下菌落产色素情况进行了连续观察。结果表明:该病原菌在5~40℃均可生长,最适温度为25℃;当p H 4.0~12.0时均能生长,最适宜p H为7.0;全黑暗条件有利于菌丝生长,菌丝生长最适碳源、氮源分别为山梨醇和蛋白胨,碳源氯醛糖及除蛋白胨以外8种氮源均不利于菌丝的生长。含不同碳氮源培养基可诱导菌丝产生不同色素,且颜色变化差异大,在不同的生长阶段,色素颜色也会发生变化。  相似文献   

黑皮冬瓜嫁接砧木的筛选与鉴定     

伍倩慧  司雨  梁见冰  郝东川  王怡玫  李颖仪  梁普兴 《长江蔬菜》2016,(6):54-57

挑选南瓜砧、蒲瓜砧和葫芦砧共10个品种,以佛山市三水黑皮冬瓜为接穗,采用斜顶插接法嫁接,露地栽培管理,比较其产量和农艺性状。试验结果表明,DZ-01冬瓜砧、京欣砧三号和强势作为三水黑皮冬瓜的嫁接砧木,可有效降低枯萎病发病率,增产10%以上,商品性状得到明显改善,商品品质差异不显著,推广应用性强。  相似文献   

黑豆色素的研究进展     

李玉美 《安徽农学通报》2007,13(21):37-38

本文综述了近年来黑豆色素的研究进展.提出了综合开发利用的前景.  相似文献