筒式风能采集系统及其试验研究     

孙仲健  ;房艳峰  ;段玮玮 《浙江水产学院学报》2008,(4):448-451

为了克服现有技术中风能采集装置对风速或风向适应能力不足、风能利用率不高的问题,提出了一种适合城市高空风能利用的新型筒式垂直轴风力发电系统,其不仅具有很强的风向适应能力,而且能够在较低风速时,充分利用导风板将风力集中到筒式风能采集系统内,提高了风轮利用风能的效率。这种风力发电系统将与城市高层建筑构成一体化,充分利用高空风能优势进行发电,噪音小,不会给城市的生活和工作带来影响。介绍了该筒式风能采集系统的主要组成部分,以及实验结果,初步证实了该设计的可行性。  相似文献   

竹青板作为风电叶片复合材料增强相的性能评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄晓东  江泽慧  陈玲 《林业科技开发》2009,23(1)

针对目前玻璃钢叶片存在的问题,采用分级竹青板作为风电叶片复合材料的增强相,并利用INSTRON 5582 Grading能力学试验机进行检测.结果表明:由一二级竹青板制成的分级竹青层积材复合材料,其物理力学性能均达到或超过目前国外风电叶片在用的常规木材/环氧层积材的特性,完全能够替代目前大量使用的玻璃钢叶片材料.  相似文献   

迎面火与主地表火相互作用的实验研究     

崔文彬  乔启宇 《中国林学(英文版)》2002,4(1):25-28

为了研究地表火卷吸作用的范围和迎面火与主火相互作用的机理 ,在大空间室内实验室进行了实验研究 .在该实验室实验可以避免环境风和环境温度变化的影响 .研究结果表明 :(1)在火头前方有明显的逆风区存在 .在逆风区下部的逆风风速要比上部的大 ,而且当高度达到某一数值时 ,逆风就不明显了 ;(2 )迎面火与主火之间即使相距较远也存在相互作用 .当它们相互接近到一定程度时 ,彼此相互吸引 .这使得火的蔓延速度显著升高 .对于火线火强度为 16 0kW·m-1地表火来说 ,蔓延速度增加2 7% .  相似文献   

The role of shelter in Australia for protecting soils,plants and livestock   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

P. R. Bird  D. Bicknell  P. A. Bulman  S. J. A. Burke  J. F. Leys  J. N. Parker  F. J. Van Der Sommen  P. Voller 《Agroforestry Systems》1992,20(1-2):59-86

The purpose of this review is to examine the current knowledge of the role of trees in providing shelter for pastures, crops, and livestock, for controlling erosion of soils and improving productivity and sustainability of agricultural production in Australia — and the extent to which this knowledge has been applied.Land degradation — tree loss and associated soil salinity, water and wind erosion, soil acidification, soil structural decline and nutrient degradation — is evidence that our primary production systems are not sustainable. We have sought increased production without proper consideration of the ecological context of that system. About half of Victoria's crop and pasture lands are affected or at risk, and in Western Australia about 25% of the cleared agricultural land is wind-eroded and 60% is potentially susceptible, salinity affects 0.43 m ha and half of the divertible surface water is affected by salinity. Similar problems occur in other States. At least 43 m ha or 13% of our rangelands are seriously degraded by wind erosion caused by overgrazing, often coinciding with drought or a run of drier years.Minimum tillage and stubble management for erosion control in cropping has been a major extension and research activity in Australian agriculture. Severe weather, combined with imperfect adoption of appropriate grazing and crop management systems, shows the weakness of complete reliance on these methods of erosion control. An effective system must accommodate the impact of extreme events, which are the most damaging. However, the complementary use of windbreaks to reduce soil erosion is rare, and their establishment has not been promoted, despite the wide-spread adoption of this technology by other countries.In the cropping and higher rainfall grazing areas, the systematic planting of 10% of the land in a net of shelterbelts/timberbelts/clusters could achieve a 50% windspeed reduction; this would substantially improve livestock and pasture production in the short and long-term. Wind erosion could be dramatically reduced and crop production probably increased by the use of windbreaks. Wheat and oat yield at Rutherglen (Victoria), and lupin yield at Esperance (Western Australia), were increased in the sheltered zone by 22% and 47%, and 30%, respectively.In semi-arid and dry temperate areas, planting of 5% of the land to shelter could reduce windspeed by 30–50% and soil loss by up to 80%. This planting would also contribute substantially to achieving other objectives of sustainable agriculture. Agroforestry — particularly timberbelts applications — will be important in the long-term strategy for achieving revegetation. If some of the trees yield a marketable product then the adoption of the system will be more readily achieved.In the arid (pastoral) areas there is an urgent need to promote the ethic that preservation and improvement of the perennial grass and shrub vegetation is critical for the protection of the soil and maintenance of land capability. Control of animal grazing remains the sole means of preventing erosion in much of this zone. While satellite imagery allows us to assess the condition of leasehold lands, we have failed to achieve stocking policies that will halt the degradation of our rangelands.  相似文献   

多伦县风蚀地貌及风蚀量评价研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

姚洪林  闫德仁  李宝军  张宝文  俞海生 《内蒙古林业科技》2002,(4):3-7

在多伦县沙漠化土地调查过程中,就其风蚀地貌进行了详细的研究。本文不仅论证了风蚀地貌的形成、类型和分布,而且以翔实的测定数据,并采用克拉瓦洛维克的风蚀强度公式计算了该地区不同景观类型区的风蚀量。以论据为基础,研讨了增加地表粗糙度的方法、成效以及防止或减缓风蚀的有效途径。  相似文献   

京津风沙源治理工程省级管理系统的分析与设计     

温雪香  张会华 《林业资源管理》2003,(2):62-64

对京津风沙源治理工程省级管理系统的分析、设计、功能等进行简单论述。  相似文献   

影响防风带近距离防风效果的结构因子的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑智礼 《山西林业科技》2003,(1):20-23

以山西北部半干旱风沙区为研究区,调查现有防风林带的距离防风效果,用回归分析法分析了冠层疏通度、冠下疏通度、林带宽度、栽植密度、林带与风向夹角、林带高和平均枝下高占林带高的百分比与距离带缘5倍树高处的风速降低百分数之间的关系。结果表明：影响防风林带近距离防风效果的主导因子为冠下疏透度、林带与风向的夹角和枝下高占林带高的百分比。  相似文献   

A model to evaluate windbreak protection efficiency     

H. Zhang  J. R. Brandle  G. E. Meyer  L. Hodges 《Agroforestry Systems》1995,29(3):191-200

The effectiveness of windbreaks in windspeed reduction is often evaluated without regard to the objects to be protected. In fact, many objects may have different sensitivities to wind and often require different degrees of wind protection. Since commonly used indexes do not consider the sensitivity to wind, a concept of specific protection efficiency is developed. A critical windspeed is used to represent the sensitivity of each object. Windspeeds greater than this value are considered damaging. A dimensionless protection index is defined to evaluate windbreak efficiency. The maximum index value is 1 for the highest protection, and the index is negative when sheltered windspeed is greater than the critical windspeed. This index can be compared, summed, and averaged across different windbreaks, objects, and leeward locations. A sample of critical windspeed values was compiled from the literature. The index was evaluated using actual wind data measured under both sheltered and open conditions. The results indicated that the index can be used for evaluating windbreak effectiveness in terms of objects protected under various conditions. This model could be used as a tool for windbreak-related research and policy making.  相似文献   

The Role of Mangroves in Retaining Penaeid Prawn Larvae in Klang Strait,Malaysia     

Chong  V.C.  Sasekumar  A.  Wolanski  E. 《Mangroves and Salt Marshes》1996,1(1):11-22

The mangrove-fringed Klang Strait, Malaysia, retains approximately 65 billion penaeid prawn larvae annually prior to their settlement in coastal nursery grounds. This phenomenon appears to be due principally to tidal currents and lateral trapping in mangrove-fringed channels, the wind playing an insignificant role.  相似文献   

水稻CSC11介导干热风/干旱诱导的钙信号调控雄蕊发育     

任志杰  李倩  孙钰佳  孔冬冬  刘良玉  侯聪聪  李乐攻 《中国农业科学》2021,54(10):2039-2052

【目的】水稻花期偶遇干热风/干旱,导致脆弱的生殖细胞快速失水,极大地降低产量,这一过程中钙离子作为通用的第二信使传导了干旱或其他逆境信号,但背后的分子机制尚不清楚。分析钙离子透过性胁迫反应阳离子通道家族（calcium-permeable stress-responsive cation channels,CSCs）基因的生理和分子功能,为研究作物干热风的感应机制提供新的理论基础和思路。【方法】采用电生理学和遗传学方法,利用双电极电压钳技术在水稻中鉴定得到一个具有典型特征的受体类-钙通道蛋白,名为OsCSC11,对其蛋白序列进行生物信息学和进化关系分析。运用qRT-PCR和GUS报告基因活性分析确认OsCSC11的表达模式,在拟南芥原生质体细胞和洋葱表皮细胞中瞬时表达OsCSC11-GFP融合蛋白,验证OsCSC11的亚细胞定位;同时利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术获得OsCSC11的突变体,并通过细胞学等手段分析突变体表型和相关生理功能。【结果】蛋白序列比对发现,OsCSC11具有CSCs家族成员典型的保守结构域DUF221,但与其他成员序列差异大,存在不同于其他成员的特异结构域（motif）属于独立的亚家族。OsCSC11主要在水稻的花药和叶片中表达,进一步分析发现全长OsCSC11处于静息状态,可被高渗透溶液激活;但是删除N端156氨基酸（TM1-3）之后的OsCSC11^ΔTM1-3具有组成型的通道活性,特异选择钙、镁二价阳离子;推测TM1-3是这类通道的受体结构域,感应干热风胁迫,而OsCSC11^ΔTM1-3区域负责钙信号产生。OsCSC11和OsCSC11^ΔTM1-3均定位在细胞质膜上,与其干热风的受体功能相适应。与野生型相比,功能缺失突变体oscsc11-1和oscsc11-2的雄蕊较小、花药表面蹙皱,整体多呈弯曲状态,花粉含水量较低,败育率高达60%—70%。【结论】OsCSC11是水稻感应短期干热风/干旱刺激、介导钙离子内流,调控花药水分状态和花粉发育的受体类钙通道,可能参与了水稻雄蕊应对干热风的原初感应过程。  相似文献