塞内加尔达喀尔地区沙丘土壤中有机添加物的荧光表征及去向     

S. DAOUK  M. HASSOUNA  A. GUEYE-GIRARDET  S. NIANG  H.-R. PFEIFER 《土壤圈》2015,25(3):372-385

The application of organic amendments on soils poor in organic matter (OM) can improve long-term soil fertility, but may also enhance the mineralization of native soil organic matter. Three organic amendments, compost, sewage sludge and horse manure used by urban market gardeners in Dakar, Senegal were analyzed for their OM maturity. Their fate was evaluated in a 45-d agronomic trial in a sandy Arenosol with lettuce. In each case, water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) and humic-like substances (HLS) were isolated from raw amendments and amended soils, and characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy. Results highlighted the general more aromatic character of HLS and WEOM fractions extracted from compost compared to the other two amendments. When applied to soils, however, these differences were not clearly observed. The aromaticity and humification degree of the labile fraction (WEOM) increased with depth in the first 30 cm for all amendments. This indicated the high lixiviation rates that fresh OM underwent in the studied sandy soil. Finally, a statistical analysis of the results was able to discriminate between surface and deeper horizons and between amended- and non-amended soil samples. Spectroscopic indices showed indeed strong increase/decrease with depth linked with the mineralization/humification processes that the fresh OM from amendments underwent during the 45 d of the agronomic trial. This study highlights the potential of spectroscopic techniques to study agricultural amendment organic matter fractions and their fate in soils.  相似文献   

EM堆肥对土壤生物影响的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

阳文锐  李维炯  陈展 《中国生态农业学报》2007,15(6):88-91

长期定点施用EM堆肥试验结果表明:EM有机堆肥能提高土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量;相同有机物料投入水平下,EM堆肥处理的微生物总量最高;随着有机物料投入水平的降低,土壤微生物数量下降;施用EM能提高土壤微生物活性,增加微生物的分布密度。施用EM堆肥土壤蚯蚓数量均显著高于其他施肥处理。EM堆肥各处理平均土壤螨虫数量高,但在相同的有机物料投入水平下,差异不显著。在大部分作物生长期,施EM 15t/hm2处理与化肥处理和对照处理土壤生物总量差异显著。  相似文献   

Effect of Application of Different Types of Organic Composts on Rice Growth under Laboratory Conditions     

Yung-Yu Shu 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(3):443-449

In the present study, pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the application of two different kinds of composts: pea-rice hull compost (PRC) and cattle dung-tea compost (CTC) on rice growth. These composts differed in their nitrogen composition, as well as in their effect on plant height, number of tillers, dry matter yield and nutrient uptake (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K)) of rice plants. Plants were cultivated in 1/5,000 Wagner pots, which contained 3 kg of soil, completely mixed with the composts (PRC 404 g; CTC 380 g) and chemical fertilizer (CHEM), respectively in the first crop. The residual effect of the composts was studied after the plants of the first crop were harvested. All the treatments were replicated four times, with a randomized complete block design. The nutrient concentrations in the roots, leaf sheaths, leaf blades, stalks, and grain were analyzed at different growth stages. At the most active tillering and heading stages of the plants of the first crop, the number of tillers, dry matter yield and the amount of nutrients absorbed from the CHEM treatment were found to be higher than those in the other treatments. The values of the plant height, straw growth and nutrient uptake of the rice plants with the PRC treatment were the highest among all the treatments at the maturity stage. In the plants of the second crop, the values of the plant height, number of tillers, straw and whole plant yield and the N and K uptake from the PRC treatment were the highest among all the treatments at the heading and maturity stages. The chemical fertilizer was a fast-release fertilizer used to supply nutrients at the early stage of rice growth in the first crop. The beneficial effect of the composts on rice growth and nutrient uptake was conspicuous in the second crop, compared with that of routine treatment of chemical fertilizer.  相似文献   

香樟树枝堆肥产物与盾构脱水泥共堆肥的效果     

杨海君  金红玉  肖为  肖路  刘亚宾  谭菊 《水土保持通报》2020,40(2):188-192

[目的]实现两种城市固体废弃物盾构脱水泥和香樟树枝堆肥产物同时最大化处置与利用,从而推进园林绿化废弃物与城市盾构污泥资源化产品的应用。[方法]以盾构脱水泥与香樟树枝堆肥产物分别按照25∶1,30∶1,20∶1,25∶1比例(质量比)调配一级、二级草坪种植土与一级、二级花坛种植土,考察4种比例下共堆肥过程中阴离子表面活性剂AES的降解特征以及堆肥发酵产物的主要元素含量与盆栽试验。[结果]盾构脱水泥与香樟树枝堆肥产物分别以25∶1,30∶1,20∶1,25∶1比例堆肥20 d的产物均满足《绿化种植土壤CJ/T340-2016》一级、二级草坪种植土与一级、二级花坛种植土要求。共堆肥明显促进了盾构脱水泥中主要污染物AES的降解,堆肥20 d后产物中AES表面活性剂含量均下降了75.24%以上。盆栽试验结果发现,堆肥终产物一级草坪土与二级草坪土种植马尼拉种子的发芽率分别为92%与86%;一级花坛土中移栽杜鹃与二级花坛土中移栽满天星的成活率均为100%。[结论]香樟树枝堆肥产物与盾构脱水泥混合共堆肥,不仅有利于盾构脱水泥的环保处置,堆肥后可进行二次利用,而且促进了盾构泥中AES的降解,降低了盾构脱水泥中AES对环境的危害。  相似文献   

有机固体废弃物堆肥的腐熟度评价指标   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

刘卫星顾金刚  姜瑞波洪坚平 《中国土壤与肥料》2005,(3):3-7

有机固体废弃物堆肥的腐熟度指标是评价堆肥稳定及安全农用的重要参数,通过综述堆肥的物理、化学、生物学指标,提出评价堆肥的腐熟度时,物理指标一般作为辅助指标,化学指标中T值≤0 6、水溶性C/总有机N≤0 70可以稳定应用,核磁共振和红外光谱分析可以精细地评价腐熟后堆肥产品中各组分,发芽率指标可作为堆肥产品安全稳定的生物指标。在应用时要与BOD、CEC、腐殖化参数等多方面结合来评价堆肥的腐熟程度。  相似文献   

微生物制剂促进鸡粪堆肥腐熟和臭味控制的研究     

赵京音  姚政 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》1995,(3)

鸡粪中添加微生物制剂ＥＭ，堆制２０ｄ堆肥腐熟，较传统堆制法腐熟进程明显加快，堆制９ｄ后堆肥散发出酿酒的芳香。ＮＨ４＋－Ｎ含量下降４１．９４％～５６．７４％，除臭效果显著。ＥＭ能显著提高堆肥中有机质和氮素的保留率，减少氮的气态损失。ＥＭ的除臭功能与其促进堆肥中大分子有机物转化为小分子芳香有机物和ＮＨ４＋－Ｎ向其他形态氮的转化有关。  相似文献   

污泥农用对药用植物紫花茉莉品质和土壤环境的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

黄庆  林小明  柯玉诗  崔学教  王峻  杨少海  姚建武  邹献中 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(1):193-196

利用广州市大坦沙污水处理厂的脱水污泥进行堆肥,将污泥堆肥用于药用植物紫花茉莉栽培,研究污泥的农用对药用植物生长、药用品质以及土壤养分和主要重金属等土壤环境的影响。结果表明,污泥堆肥不同用量处理与对照相比,紫花茉莉的株高增加了6.7%～20%,茎围增加了16%～36%,块根干物量增加了9.6%～28%,茎叶干物量增加了19%～37%。污泥的农用使紫花茉莉植株增加了Zn、Ca的累积,显著地提高了紫花茉莉块根的药用功能,不同处理土壤Zn含量比对照增加了14%～86%。土壤Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni含量却没有明显变化。  相似文献   

低温菌株的筛选及对堆肥温度的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

谢宇新  徐凤花  王彦伟  刘阳 《农业环境科学学报》2011,30(7)

为解决北方低温季节牛粪大量堆积问题,将筛选的糖、淀粉、蛋白质和纤维素分解菌株复配,优化出组合菌剂(T1+DF2+D2+D5+XB1+XA2),研究低温下优化组合菌剂对低温牛粪堆肥起温的影响。结果表明,在室外-20℃低温下,牛粪接种优化组合菌剂后物料迅速升温,48h达55.8℃,第4d达64.9℃,高温期维持8～9d,发酵周期缩短至15d,而未加菌和加常温发酵剂的对照则一直未进入高温期。说明添加低温复合发酵剂能使低温下牛粪堆体迅速升温,进入高温期,完成无害化,缩短发酵周期。  相似文献   

蘑菇渣对落叶Cp-S316堆肥养分变化的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈广银  王德汉  吴艳  项钱彬 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(2):764-769

以落叶Cp-S316、蘑菇渣和鸡粪为原料，在自制的堆肥反应器内，采用问歇式强制通风的方式，进行为期50d的堆肥试验。试验设不添加蘑菇渣（处理I）和添加蘑菇渣（处理Ⅱ）两个处理，研究添加蘑菇渣对落叶Cp-S316堆肥过程中养分变化的影响，分析了堆肥过程中温度、pH、EC、NH4^＋-N、NO3^--N、有机质、挥发性固体、总氮、总磷和总钾的变化。结果表明，在通风量为0．20m^3·h^-1通风时间为20min·h^—1的条件下，处理Ⅰ（不添加蘑菇渣）和处理Ⅱ（添加蘑菇渣）分别在堆肥45h和35h后达到50℃以上的高温，并且分别保持50℃以上72h和96h；添加蘑菇渣可以减少氮的损失，促进钾含量的增加，增加堆肥硝态氮的含量，降低堆肥的电导率，加快堆肥腐熟；对落叶Cp-S316堆肥过程中有机质、总磷、pH和C／N的影响不大。因此，添加蘑菇渣可以加快落叶Cp-S316堆肥腐熟，提高堆肥的质量。  相似文献   

垃圾复混肥对玉米生产和土壤性状的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

何腾兵  黄莺  张凤海  舒英格  张俊  杨华 《农业环境科学学报》2003,22(2):203-206

采用田间小区和盆栽试验方法，研究了利用城市生活垃圾配制的有机-无机复混肥对玉米生产和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明，当施用垃圾复混肥中的氮量约为商品复合肥纯氮量的一半时，玉米小区经济产量和盆栽生物量分别比不施肥增加29．73％和184．．8％，比商品复合肥减产3．51％和18．89％；垃圾复混肥施用量与复合肥纯氮量相等时，分别比不施肥增产38．58％-51．93％和262．0％-239．3％，比商品复合肥增加3．07％—13．00％和3．07％，其增产效果显著。长期施用垃圾复混肥还可以补充和增加土壤有机质和养分，改善土壤理化性状，提高土壤肥力。  相似文献