不同灌水方式对砂姜黑土小麦中后期生长及产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张向前  曹承富  乔玉强  杜世州  赵竹 《华北农学报》2015,(1):225-232

在人工防雨篷下研究了前期不同灌水处理对砂姜黑土小麦中后期生长、光合生理及产量的影响,以期为该区小麦增产和水分高效利用提供科学依据和理论帮助。结果表明,灌1水条件下小麦叶片长宽和单茎干物重随灌水日期的推迟呈先增加后下降的趋势,并以生育前期水分充足处理CK最高,W5100d(出苗后100 d灌水)处理次之,且总灌水量一致下小麦生育前期灌1水和灌2水效果间的差异不显著。生育前期适当推迟灌水日期有利于增加小麦生育中后期的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量,且灌浆中期W5100d处理的叶面积指数和叶绿素含量高于CK。小麦生育前期适当推迟灌水日期亦有利于降低植株蒸腾速率改善小麦光合特性,其中W5100d处理的光合速率比对照CK增加了11.4%。W5100d与CK处理的产量差异不显著,分别为6 955.40,7 102.67 kg/hm2,但两者产量明显高于其他灌水处理。相关分析表明,小麦叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率与单茎干物重和产量间皆呈直线显著正相关关系。研究得出,小麦生育前期适当延长灌水日期有利于改善小麦中后期生长发育、光合特性及产量,且总灌水量一致下灌水次数效果间的差异不显著。  相似文献   

杭嘉湖平原河网地区农业用水计量方法研究     

胡荣祥  卢成  郑世宗  贾宏伟 《节水灌溉》2012,(4):61-63

农业用水计量作为一项基础性工作,是开展农业用水管理的基本依据和重要内容,为区域农业用水的最严格水资源管理提供基础数据和技术支持。在总结当前国内普遍使用的量水技术的基础上,对比分析了各种量水技术的原理和优缺点,并结合浙江省用水计量的现状,对四种计量方法开展用水试验,分析了它们的成本和测量精度,最后提出了适合浙江省杭嘉湖平原地区推广使用的量水方法。  相似文献   

Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Christian R. Jensen  Adriano Battilani  Georgios Psarras  Franciszek Janowiak  Zorica Jovanovic  Xuebin Qi  Sven-Erik Jacobsen 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,98(3):403-384

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:

•

Potatoes

°

After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Fresh tomatoes

°

From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Processing tomatoes

°

From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψ_soil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψ_soil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψ_{soil, dry side} = −270 kPa).

The findings during the SAFIR project might be used as a framework for implementing water-saving deficit irrigation under different local soil and climatic conditions.  相似文献   

田间枣树叶片复杂目标图像综合分割方法   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

董金勇  王建仑  李道亮  何建磊  王永彬 《农业机械学报》2011,42(1):165-170

设计了一种复杂图像分割的综合算法。首先对图像进行预处理,锁定大致目标范围,对图像进行增强,再基于阈值分割和Canny算子对图像进行初步分割。然后结合形态学处理方法及各种逻辑运算对分割结果进行优化处理,得到精确完整的目标图像。以田间枣树叶片图像为例进行实验,证明了该算法的可行性和有效性。该算法对叶片重叠、叶片灰度不均匀等复杂图像都有很好的分割效果,获得了边缘清晰、平滑、定位精确的边缘图像。  相似文献   

基于立体视觉的玉米植株三维骨架重建   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

赵春江  杨亮  郭新宇  陆声链  肖伯祥 《农业机械学报》2010,41(4):157-162

提出了一种基于立体视觉原理的玉米植株三维骨架提取和重构方法,从两幅由特定角度拍摄的图像提取植株二维骨架信息,通过极线约束算法和设定合理的匹配准则,实现骨架特征匹配,获得三维骨架的点云信息并降噪,最终通过样条曲线拟合产生三维骨架模型.在该骨架模型基础上,能够进行叶长、茎叶角等作物重要参数的计算.试验结果表明,该方法可以快捷地重建玉米植株的骨架模型,且误差不超过2%.  相似文献   

原花青素的提取方法及稳定性研究进展     

叶春苗 《农业机械化与电气化》2014,(7):64-65

综述溶剂提取法、超临界二氧化碳提取法、仪器辅助提取法等国内常用的原花青素提取方法,分析 pH、温度、光、金属离子、添加剂等因素对原花青素稳定性的影响,并探讨今后原花青素的研究方向与趋势,以期为原花青素的深入研究提供理论支持。  相似文献   

基于改进级联神经网络的大豆叶部病害诊断模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马晓丹  关海鸥  祁广云  刘刚  谭峰 《农业机械学报》2017,48(1):163-168

针对大豆叶部病害性状特征与病种之间的模糊性和不确定性,将数字图像处理技术与神经网络智能推理技术相结合,充分挖掘大豆受病害胁迫后表现性状与病种之间的潜在规律,提出了基于改进级联神经网络的大豆病害诊断模型。首先利用自制载物模板无损采集大田大豆叶部病害数字图像,计算病斑区域的形状特征、颜色特征及纹理特征14维度特征参数;为突显各方面特征对于不同病害种类决定作用的差异性,构建各子神经网络并联的第1级网络,第2级网络的输入为第1级网络的输出,利用多维特征各自优势来自动取得病种模式推理规则,建立了用于大豆叶部病害自动诊断的两级级联神经网络模型,仿真实验准确率为97.67%;同时应用量子遗传计算优化级联神经网络参数,平均迭代次数为743,平均网络误差为0.000 995 445,提高了学习效率,实现了大豆叶部病害的高效自动诊断和精确测报,为大田农作物全面系统地开展作物病害监测、智能施药及自动防治提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

土壤类型对优先流路径和磷形态影响的定量评价   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

梁建宏  吴艳宏  周俊  王吉鹏  王晓晓  李睿 《农业机械学报》2017,48(1):220-227

以中国贡嘎山由青灰色砂质冰水堆积物发育而成的疏松岩性土壤和德国厄尔士山渍水土壤优先流路径为研究对象,通过野外染色示踪试验和改进的Hedley磷形态提取法,使用优先流染色面积比和优先流程度评价指数定量评价不同类型土壤的优先流程度,通过相关关系分析进一步揭示不同土壤类型中优先流路径对磷形态分布的影响。结果表明:贡嘎山和厄尔士山优先流图片总染色面积比分别为31%和52%,厄尔士山渍水土优先流比贡嘎山疏松岩性土发育较好。贡嘎山疏松岩性土壤优先流发育程度与潜在生物可利用无机磷和有机磷贡献率显著正相关,而即时生物有效无机磷和磷灰石磷与厄尔士山渍水土壤优先流发育程度显著正相关。土壤类型影响优先流路径分布和土壤磷形态分布,从而影响土壤磷赋存状况和下游水质安全。  相似文献   

雾滴图像粘连特征改进判断及分离计数方法优化     

吴亚垒  祁力钧  张亚  程浈浈  程一帆  杨知伦 《农业机械学报》2017,48(S1):220-227

雾滴在靶标上常出现粘连的情况,为准确测量雾滴尺寸、掌握雾滴分布规律,需要判断雾滴是否粘连,并用图像处理技术将粘连雾滴分开。首先提出判断雾滴是否粘连的改进方法,该方法结合雾滴的形状因子和面积阈值对粘连雾滴进行判断和特征提取,并用极限腐蚀法和迭代开运算法对粘连雾滴进行计数处理,其次调用迭代开运算标记的分水岭算法分割,最后对分割后雾滴的连通域进行标记及形状圆整。试验结果表明：该方法可实现粘连雾滴的自动判断和特征提取,弱粘连准确率100%,强粘连可达97.2%以上。该算法获得的雾滴粒径参数与激光粒度仪试验测量结果接近,其尺寸测量准确度较Deposit Scan软件计算平均提高了7.67%。基于相同的样本,与人工计数标定结果对比表明,该方法获得的雾滴个数快速且精准度达97.06%以上。  相似文献   

苹果图像的背景分割与目标提取   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王福杰  饶秀勤  应义斌 《农业机械学报》2013,44(1):196-199,210

水果的缺陷、大小和颜色差异以及光照等因素影响图像背景分割与目标提取精度.以苹果为研究对象,针对4种不同光照强度条件下采集的280幅不同姿态的苹果图像,将彩色图像的R、G、B分量进行算术运算,然后采用形态学开运算进行消噪处理,采用线性空间滤波消除锯齿状边界,采用自动阈值分割方法进行背景分割与目标提取.结果显示,203幅图像的分割偏差小于1％,占总量的72.5％;70幅图像的分割偏差大于1％而小于2％,占总量的25％;偏差大于2％的有7幅,占总量的2.5％.最大分割偏差为2.83％.  相似文献