基于RAGA的PPC模型在黑土区玉米调亏灌溉评价中的应用     

邹兵兵  魏永霞  王敏 《节水灌溉》2015,(3):81-84

调亏灌溉作为一种行之有效的节水灌溉方式,对黑土区农业水资源的可持续高效利用具有重要意义。而调亏灌溉方案的优劣取决于它的综合效果,难以直观评价。以2013年在黑龙江省红星农场进行的玉米调亏灌溉技术效应的试验研究为基础,选取了8个评价指标,采用投影寻踪分类模型(PPC),利用基于实数编码的加速遗传算法(RAGA)优化其投影方向,根据投影函数值得到各评价指标对综合评价的贡献大小对不同调亏处理的各项指标进行排序。结果表明:苗期水分调亏程度为田间持水量60%的处理为最佳调亏灌溉方案,产量和水分利用效率比适宜调亏灌溉处理分别提高了2.11%和6.42%。研究结果可为黑土区玉米灌溉管理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Analysis on Polymorphisms of Three CNV Regions in Five Pig Breeds     

HUANG Shi-hui  RAN Xue-qin  WANG Jia-fu  PAN Hua  LI Rong-rong 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(3):730-737

The paper was aimed to investigate the polymorphism of copy number variation (CNV) in different pig breeds.Three CNV regions of CNVR91,CNVR92 and CNVR143 were chosen from the porcine SNP60 chip genotyping results.The polymorphisms of three CNVs were determined by Real-time quantitative PCR method,taking five pig breeds as samples,including Yorkshire pig,Xiang pig,Kele pig,Nuogu pig and Rongchang pig breeds.The results showed that the dominant status of CNVR91 was loss in Xiang pig,while it was normal in other four pig breeds.The major type of CNVR92 was deletion in Xiang pig,Yorkshire pig,Kele pig and Rongchang pig breeds,with a high normal percent in Nuogu pig.For CNVR143,the dominant event was gain in Xiang pig and Nuogu pig breeds,but it was not diverse in other three pig breeds.These results indicated that three CNV regions emerged with polymorphism in five pig breeds,which might have effects on gene expression in CNV regions and physiological function by dosage effect especially in Xiang pig,Nuogu pig and Kele pig breeds.  相似文献   

A morphological analysis of the skull size and shape of Kerivoulinae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Vietnam     

Son Truong NGUYEN  Masaharu MOTOKAWA  Tatsuo OSHIDA  Hideki ENDO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):187-198

Southeast Asia is a region of high biodiversity, containing species of plants and animals that are yet to be discovered. In this region, bats of the subfamily Kerivoulinae are widespread and diverse with six species recorded in Vietnam. However, the taxonomy of the Kerivoulinae in Asia is complicated. In our study, we used diagnostic characters and multivariate analysis to determine morphological differences between the genera Kerivoula and Phoniscus. We showed that the two genera are distinguishable by the size of second upper incisors, the shape of skull, nasal sinus, canines, second upper and lower premolars. In addition, the two genera can be osteometrically separated by measurements of the braincase height, interorbital width and shape of anterior palatal emargination. Our data clearly revealed the morphological variations in the skull shape of Kerivoula hardwickii in Vietnam. This suggests a possible separation into three morphotypes, representing cryptic species supported by statistical differences with wide variation in skull shape, size and teeth. These results demonstrated Kerivoula hardwickii can be separated three subspecies, and the result will serve as the basis for the future assessment and classification of this group in Southeast Asia.  相似文献   

The genetic diversity and structure of 18 sheep breeds exposed to isolation and selection          下载免费PDF全文

M. Ćurković  J. Ramljak  S. Ivanković  B. Mioč  A. Ivanković  V. Pavić  M. Brka  C. Veit‐Kensch  I. Medugorac 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2016,133(1):71-80

The phylogenetic layout of the genotyped (30 microsatellite) 18 sheep breeds in this study demands and provides the opportunity to evaluate both neutral and adaptive components of genetic diversity in a naturally and artificially selected and subdivided sheep population. Seven Pramenka strains from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia characterized by a very low intensity of artificial selection, preserved the highest neutral genetic variability. Eight central and north‐western European breeds under considerable artificial isolation and selection preserved the lowest genetic variability. Only combinations of various phylogenetic parameters offer a reasonable explanation for underlying evolutionary forces working in the investigated island and mainland sheep breeds under variable natural and artificial selection. More than 60% of total genetic, diversity was allocated to virtually unselected Pramenka strains, and an additional 25% to native moderately selected Graue Gehoernte Heidschnucke and intensively selected Ostfriesische Milchschafe. Some economically very important breeds and strains did not contribute to a pool with maximal genetic diversity, while they play an important role in the cultural heritage of respective countries.  相似文献   

"已实现"波动率理论研究与评价     

熊正德  张洁 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,(4)

"已实现"波动率是一种全新的金融波动率测量方法。"已实现"波动率在理论上没有测量误差的无偏估计量,在实证建模方面比其他模型更易于估计参数,同时最优频率的选取对于"已实现"波动率的测量精确度是很重要的。  相似文献   

新麦草遗传多样性等位酶分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨艳  韩建国  孙彦  单战 《草业科学》2007,24(8):59-63

采用不连续系统的聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳(VPAGE)对新疆新麦草的5个天然居群和1个栽培种遗传多样性和居群结构进行了分析.测定的6个酶系统中,确定了9个等位酶位点,多态位点百分率平均值为90.48%,平均等位基因数为2.920 7,平均预期杂合值为0.542 7.总的基因多样性中,86%存在于居群内,14%来自居群间.聚类分析以遗传距离D=0.14为分界线将6份材料明显地分为2组.研究表明,新麦草具有丰富的遗传多样性,其多样性可能与生境、人工驯化、风媒异交等因素有关.  相似文献   

县域耕地土壤养分时空变异特征研究     

夏利恒  申江龙  孙语彤  刘京 《干旱地区农业研究》2023,(3):238-247

土壤养分空间变异研究是精准农业实施的前提,对提高粮食作物单位面积产量和保护农业生态环境具有重要作用。为掌握陕西渭北旱塬区土壤养分时空变异规律,综合空间自相关和重心模型,分析1980—2007年、2007—2017年白水县耕地土壤有机质(SOM)、速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)的时空变异特征。结果表明：(1)研究区土壤SOM的平均含量分别增加了1.29、3.22 g·kg^-1,AP的平均含量分别增加了6.89、24.45 mg·kg^-1,仅有AK的平均含量呈现出先减少后增加的趋势。(2)三期耕地土壤养分的变异系数范围为30.2%～90.8%,属于中等变异。1980—2017年,耕地土壤SOM、AP和AK的全局Moran’s I指数均降低,空间结构性减弱,随机因素作用增强。(3)土壤SOM、AP和AK含量均有不同程度的增加,土壤SOM含量总体呈北低南高分布,土壤AP、AK含量分布情况较为一致,呈东高西低。(4)土壤SOM含量重心在东南方向发生偏移,AP、AK含量重心在东北方向发生偏移。土壤养分标准差椭圆空间分布格局同研究区分布方向一致,转角呈现“...  相似文献   

Rapid and sensitive on-site genetic diagnostics of pest fruit flies using CRISPR-Cas12a     

Dan Mark Alon  Tamir Partosh  David Burstein  Gur Pines 《Pest management science》2023,79(1):68-75

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Using genetic tools to inform conservation of fragmented populations of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) across their range in China     

Ying CHEN  Yakuan SUN  Mei HUA  Kun SHI  David DUDGEON 《Integrative zoology》2023,18(3):453-468

A herd of 15 Chinese elephants attracted international attention during their 2021 northward trek, motivating the government to propose establishment of an Asian elephant national park. However, planning is hampered by a lack of genetic information on the remaining populations in China. We collected DNA from 497 dung samples from all 5 populations encompassing the entire range of elephants in China and used mitochondrial and microsatellite markers to investigate their genetic and demographic structure. We identified 237 unique genotypes (153 females, 84 males), representing 81% of the known population. However, the effective population size was small (28, range 25–32). Historic demographic contraction appeared to account for low haplotype diversity (H_d = 0.235), but moderate nucleotide and nuclear diversity (π = 0.6%, H_e = 0.55) was attributable to post-bottleneck recovery involving recent population expansion plus historical gene exchange with elephants in Myanmar, Lao PDR, and Vietnam. The 5 populations fell into 3 clusters, with Nangunhe elephants differing consistently from the other 4 populations (F_ST = 0.23); elephants from Mengyang, Simao, and Jiangcheng belonged to a single population (henceforth, MSJ), and differed from the Shangyong population (F_ST = 0.11). Interpopulation genetic variation reflected isolation by distance and female-biased dispersal. Chinese elephants should be managed as 2 distinct units: Nangunhe and another combining Shangyong and MSJ; their long-term viability will require restoring gene flow between Shangyong and MSJ, and between elephants in China and neighboring countries. Our results have the potential to inform conservation planning for an iconic megafaunal species.  相似文献   

Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing KLH binding natural antibodies and specific antibody response to Newcastle disease in Kenyan chicken populations     

Sophie Miyumo  Chrilukovian B. Wasike  Evans D. Ilatsia  Jörn Bennewitz  Mizeck G. Chagunda 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2023,140(1):106-120

This study aimed at investigating the influence of genetic and non-genetic factors on immune traits to inform on possibilities of genetic improvement of disease resistance traits in local chicken of Kenya. Immune traits such as natural and specific antibodies are considered suitable indicators of an individual's health status and consequently, used as indicator traits of disease resistance. In this study, natural antibodies binding to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH-NAbs) was used to measure general disease resistance. Specific antibodies binding to Newcastle disease virus (NDV-IgG) post vaccination was used to measure specific disease resistance. Titers of KLH-NAbs isotypes (KLH-IgM, KLH-IgG and KLH-IgA) and NDV-IgG were measured in 1,540 chickens of different ages ranging from 12 to 56 weeks. A general linear model was fitted to determine the effect of sex, generation, population type, phylogenetic cluster, line, genotype and age on the antibody traits. A multivariate animal mixed model was fitted to estimate heritability and genetic correlations among the antibody traits. The model constituted of non-genetic factors found to have a significant influence on the antibody traits as fixed effects, and animal and residual effects as random variables. Overall mean (±SE) concentration levels for KLH-IgM, KLH-IgG, KLH-IgA and NDV-IgG were 10.33 ± 0.04, 9.08 ± 0.02, 6.00 ± 0.02 and 10.12 ± 0.03, respectively. Sex, generation and age (linear covariate) significantly (p < 0.05) influenced variation across all the antibody traits. Genotype effects (p < 0.05) were present in all antibody traits, apart from KLH-IgA. Interaction between generation and line was significant (p < 0.05) in KLH-IgM and NDV-IgG while nesting phylogenetic cluster within population significantly (p < 0.05) influenced all antibody traits, apart from KLH-IgA. Heritability estimates for KLH-IgM, KLH-IgG, KLH-IgA and NDV-IgG were 0.28 ± 0.08, 0.14 ± 0.06, 0.07 ± 0.04 and 0.31 ± 0.06, respectively. There were positive genetic correlations (0.40–0.61) among the KLH-NAbs while negative genetic correlations (−0.26 to −0.98) were observed between the KLH-NAbs and NDV-IgG. Results from this study indicate that non-genetic effects due to biological and environmental factors influence natural and specific antibodies and should be accounted for to reduce bias and improve accuracy when evaluating the traits. Subsequently, the moderate heritability estimates in KLH-IgM and NDV-IgG suggest selection possibilities for genetic improvement of general and specific immunity, respectively, and consequently disease resistance. However, the negative correlations between KLH-NAbs and NDV-IgG indicate the need to consider a suitable approach that can optimally combine both traits in a multiple trait selection strategies.  相似文献