朱鹮消化系统的组织学观察     

沈霞芬  李秀云  曹永汉 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,26(2):75-79

对一只意外死亡朱的消化系统各器官进行组织学观察,结果发现：消化管均具有一般的四层结构,但食管粘膜内有密集的泡状腺,分泌物丰富;腺胃和肌胃均未见粘膜肌,但肌层很发达;小肠绒毛较长,未见中央乳糜管构造,固有膜及绒毛内有丰富的平滑肌束;盲肠亦有短的绒毛,且淋巴组织发达,可形成淋巴小结。肝小叶间结缔组织少,小叶界线不清。  相似文献   

驼背鲈消化系统组织学与组织化学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

区又君  勾效伟  李加儿 《海洋渔业》2011,33(3)

采用形态解剖、组织学及组织化学方法,分别用HE和AB-PAS染色法对驼背鲈(Cromileptes altivelis)的消化系统进行了研究。结果表明:驼背鲈食道内表面分布较多宽大的粘膜褶;胃分为贲门部、盲囊部和幽门部,贲门部胃小凹和胃腺最多,盲囊部厚度最大;前、中、后肠粘膜褶丰富,后肠粘液细胞密度最大;幽门与前肠交界处有幽门盲囊10~13个,结构与前肠相似。食道,胃,前、中、后肠及幽门盲囊均以分泌中性粘多糖的Ⅱ型粘液细胞为主。驼背鲈消化系统的结构表现出与其肉食性习性相适应的特点。  相似文献   

Effect of dietary graded levels of cottonseed meal and gossypol on growth performance,body composition and health aspects of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp,Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂     

C. CAI  E. LI  Y. YE  A. KROGDAHL  G. JIANG  Y. WANG  L. CHEN 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(4):353-360

A 6‐month trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cottonseed meal (CSM) and free gossypol (FG) on allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂ with 4 replicates of each treatment. Isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated with the 0 g kg^?1 (control), 200 g kg^?1, 400 g kg^?1, and 560 g kg^?1 CSM. Diets with FG were made by supplementing batches of control diet with 214 mg kg^?1, 428 mg kg^?1, and 642 mg kg^?1. Weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio increased significantly up to an inclusion level of CSM of 400 g kg^?1 in the diet, with a significant decrease in food conversion ratio. Further increase in CSM to 560 g kg^?1 did not cause further changes in fish performance. Free gossypol did not affect fish performance significantly at any inclusion level. Neither CSM nor FG caused significant effects in any of the other evaluated parameters such as whole body composition, haemoglobin concentration, activities of serum lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and histology of hepatic tissues and midgut. Our results suggested that crucian carp can tolerate at least 642 mg kg^?1 FG and that it is safe to including 400 g kg^?1 CSM in crucian carp feed.  相似文献   

肉鸡葡萄球菌性关节炎的病理学研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

程国富王德海  胡薛英谷长勤宋念华  赵雅心周诗其 《华中农业大学学报》2004,23(4):446-450

通过关节腔接种金黄色葡萄球菌,成功地复制了肉鸡葡萄球菌性关节炎的病理模型,运用组织学观察方法对所建立的病理模型进行了动态研究。研究结果表明,在肉鸡葡萄球菌性关节炎发病的初期,机体各组织器官病变明显,特别是淋巴组织的淋巴小结数目明显减少,结构零乱,淋巴细胞也明显减少;其它脏器如心、肝、脾则以急性炎性变化为主,异嗜性粒细胞明显增多、浸润。随时间延长,机体免疫系统的结构和淋巴细胞数量逐渐恢复正常,且淋巴小结表现为增生性变化;心、肝、脾等脏器也逐渐恢复,异嗜性粒细胞浸润部位及坏死灶被纤维结缔组织包裹而局限化。但肾在试验期内主要表现为渐进性坏死性变化,病变程度逐渐加重。  相似文献   

Effect of substitution of dietary fish meal by soybean meal on different sizes of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio): digestive enzyme gene expressions and activities,and intestinal and hepatic histology          下载免费PDF全文

H. Liu  J. Jin  X. Zhu  D. Han  Y. Yang  S. Xie 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(1):129-147

A 7‐week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) on digestive enzyme activity of intestinal mucosa, mRNA levels of digestive enzymes in hepatopancreas, and the mid‐intestinal and hepatopancreas histology of gibel carp CAS III (Carassius auratus gibelio). Four different growth phases of gibel carp (initial body weight: fry, 0.8 g; juvenile, 5.0 g; 1‐year‐old, 62.7 g; and broodstock, 135.6 g) were tested. Seven isonitrogenous and iso‐energetic diets were formulated to contain different SBM replacement levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of dietary fish meal protein), and another diet (SBMAA) contained all SBM protein and supplied crystalline amino acids. The results showed that the activities of mid‐intestine trypsin, α‐amylase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase reduced with increased dietary SBM, while the chymotrypsin activity increased first and then decreased. The ultrastructures of intestinal epithelial cells and hepatopancreas cells in fry and broodstock fish were distinctly affected by 200 g kg^‐1 dietary SBM. Supplementation of dietary amino acid to the highest replacement groups was not sufficient to improve digestive and absorptive capacities and growth performance. Gibel carp may be adapted to dietary SBM through increase in gene expression of hepatopancreas digestive enzymes and has potential to utilize proceeded SBM as feedstuffs.  相似文献   

影响肉质的生物化学和组织学因素   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  

刘正远  袁缨 《饲料工业》2005,26(11):44-46

从生物化学和组织学方面论述了决定肉质的几个关键因素,包括不饱和脂肪酸、pH值的变化速度与幅度、蛋白酶活性、肌内脂肪含量与分布、肌纤维类型与分布、肌肉的糖酵解潜力、IMP和三甲基吲哚在风味产生中的作用。此外还论述了这些因素在肉质的营养调控技术中所起的作用  相似文献   

Replacement of fish meal with two fermented soybean meals in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Dong Gyu Choi  Ming He  Hua Fang  Xin Lan Wang  Xiao Qin Li  Xiang Jun Leng 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(1):37-46

The present study investigated the effect of fish meal (FM) replacement with fermented soybean meal (FSM) on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout. Two FSM products, FSM1 (more fermentation with more small peptide and acid than FSM2) and FSM2 were used to replace 20%, 40% and 60% of FM in control diet (250 g/kg FM), respectively (FSM1‐20, FSM1‐40, FSM1‐60, FSM2‐20, FSM2‐40 and FSM2‐60). Then the seven diets were fed to rainbow trout (18.1 g) for 8 weeks. Weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and digestibility of crude protein and dry matter showed no significant difference among the groups of FSM1‐20, FSM1‐40, FSM2‐20, FSM2‐40 and the control, but WG significantly decreased and FCR increased when 60% FM was replaced by both FSMs (p < .05). The replacement of 40%, 60% FM resulted in lower villus height than the control (p < .05), and intestinal protease activity was lower in FSM2‐40, FSM2‐60 and FSM1‐60 groups than the control group (p < .05). In addition, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase increased with increasing levels of FSM (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary fish meal could be replaced by 40% with both FSMs without adverse effects on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout based on an eight weeks feeding trial.  相似文献   

Effects of fish meal replacement by low‐gossypol cottonseed meal on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,intestine histology and inflammatory gene expression of silver sillago (Sillago sihama Forsskál) (1775)     

Hao Liu  Xiaohui Dong  Beiping Tan  Tao Du  Shuang Zhang  Yuanzhi Yang  Shuyan Chi  Qihui Yang  Hongyu Liu 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(5):1724-1735

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, inflammatory genes expression and intestine histology of silver sillago, Sillago sihama (Forsskål 1775), by replacing fish meal (FM) with low‐gossypol cottonseed meal (LCSM). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, including R0 group (control, containing 550.0 g/kg FM), R16 group (88.5 g/kg LCSM and 461.5 g/kg FM), R32 group (177.0 g/kg LCSM and 373.0 g/kg FM), R48 group (265.5 g/kg LCSM and 284.5 g/kg FM) and R64 group (354.0 g/kg LCSM and 196.0 g/kg FM). Fish fed R0 and R16 groups had a significantly higher weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) than R48 and R64 groups (p < .05). In contrast to whole‐body crude protein, whole‐body moisture increased with the FM level of substitution (p < .05). With the increased amount of LCSM in the diet, the activity of intestinal amylase (AMS) increased significantly (p < .05), and intestinal trypsin (TRP) decreased (p < .05). Dietary LCSM substitution upregulated the expression of intestinal tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), and interleukin one beta (IL‐1β), but downregulated tight junction proteins ZO‐1(ZO‐1), transforming growth factor beta‐3 (TGF‐β3) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) expression. Histological analysis revealed progressive morphological damage to the mid‐intestine with higher levels of FM replacement. These results showed that 88.5 g/kg (16%) of FM replaced by LCSM with amino acids (methionine and lysine) supplementation did not significantly reduce growth compared with FM‐based control.  相似文献   

The effect of feeding commercial diets on the development of juvenile crucian carp (Carassius carassius,L.). Part 1: Skeletal deformations     

Robert Kasprzak  Teresa Ostaszewska  Barbara Wagner 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(1):78-87

The crucian carp (Carassius carassius, L.) is a cyprinid freshwater species, whose wild‐living populations have decreased in recent years due to an increasing competition of invasive species. Several initiatives were launched, attempting to reintroduce this fish back into its native open waters, which requires the use of crucian carp fry grown under controlled conditions. However, the use of popular commercial diets results in severe developmental abnormalities. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of feeding natural feed (Chironomidae sp. larvae) or two popular commercial diets on the skeletal development of crucian carp juveniles. Whole‐mount staining and histological methods were used in the study. Skeletal tissues of fish fed both commercial diets were demineralized and displayed a variety of deformities, such as abnormal vertebral spines and vertebral fusion, as well as a new type of deformation, which involved the action of dorsal fin pterygiophores upon the spine. Finally, a novel analytical method was proposed, which utilizes LA‐ICP‐MS for the estimation of bone mineralization. The study proved that basic commercial diets are inadequate for the rearing of crucian carp juveniles.  相似文献   

Exogenous xylanase improves growth,protein digestibility and digestive enzymes activities in Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus,fed different ratios of fish meal to sunflower meal     

Mohamed S. Hassaan  Eman Y. Mohammady  Mohamed R. Soaudy  Amina A. S. Abdel Rahman 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(4):841-853

A 3 × 2 factorial experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of different ratios of fish meal (FM): sunflower meal (SFM) with or without exogenous xylanase supplementation on growth, feed utilization, digestive enzymes activities, apparent digestibility, intestinal and liver morphology and chemical composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Three isonitrogenous (329.80 g/kg of crude protein) and isoenergetic (18.46 MJ/kg gross energy) experimental diets were formulated as SFM₁ (FM:SFM = 2:1), SFM₂ (FM:SFM = 1:1) and SFM₃ (FM:SFM = 1:2) based on protein content. Each diet was supplemented with 0 or 0.5 g/kg of exogenous xylanase and was fed to triplicate groups of twelve fish (with initial weight, 1.31 ± 0.02 g) for 84 days. After 84 days of feeding period, the highest weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency, protein productive value and the best feed conversion ratio were recorded in fish fed either SFM₁ or SFM₂ supplemented with exogenous xylanase. Whereas lowest growth performance was recorded in fish fed SFM₂ and SFM₃ un‐supplemented with xylanase. The highest activities of chymotrypsin, trypsin, lipase, amylase, alkaline phosphatase and cholecystokinin were observed in fish fed SFM₁ and SFM₂ diets supplemented with xylanase. The highest ADCs of dry matter, protein, lipid and digestible energy were recorded in fish fed SFM₁ and SFM₂ diets supplemented with exogenous xylanase. Supplementation of exogenous xylanase improved muscularis mucosa thickness, height of mucosal folds and enterocytes of intestinal fish. Addition of exogenous xylanase increased the calcium and phosphorus retention. Results of this study indicated that the addition of exogenous xylanase to diet containing high inclusion level of sunflower meal improved growth, digestive enzymes, nutrient digestibility, histological morphometric of liver and intestine and nutrient retention.  相似文献