不同氮素形态及配比对蔬菜生长和品质的影响     

田霄鸿  王朝辉  李生秀 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,27(2):6-10

分别以纯水和自来水为生长介质对莴笋和菠菜进行水培试验,以揭示不同氮素形态及配比对蔬菜生长和品质的影响。结果表明,以纯水为水培水源,ＮＯ－３－Ｎ∶ＮＨ＋４－Ｎ为１∶１或单独供应ＮＨ＋４－Ｎ,对作物生长均有一定程度的抑制作用,而以后者的生长量最低。以自来水作水培介质时,以ＮＯ－３－Ｎ为唯一氮源预培养一段时间后,再提高营养液中ＮＨ＋４－Ｎ比例,有利于蔬菜的生长发育及硝酸盐含量的降低,使莴笋维生素Ｃ含量也有所降低,菠菜则无明显变化。当植物生长量较大时,尿素作水培氮源不能满足作物对氮素的需求  相似文献   

Balance and concentration of nitrogen and potassium affect growth and nutrient status in soilless cultivated lisianthus     

Daniela Alvarado-Camarillo  Ana María Castillo-González  Juana C. García-Santiago 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(6):496-504

Purpose: Nitrogen (N) / potassium (K) nutrient balance has been studied for some ornamental plants, however, available information is limited. Here we investigate the optimum N and K balance and concentration for lisianthus production in soilless medium.

Materials and methods: The effect of three N / K balances: 1.43, 2.14 and 4.29, prepared by varying the concentration of N and K, were evaluated in lisianthus grown in soilless medium (volcanic rock).

Results: Plants fertigated with a N / K balance of 2.14 exhibited enhanced height and stem dry weight when compared to plants fertigated with a balance of 4.29, and a higher flower buds count and total dry weight than those fertigated with a balance of 1.43 or 4.29. Plants fertigated with a balance of 2.14 exhibited increased dry weight when N was reduced from 15 to 9?meq?L^?1 and K from 7 to 4.2?meq?L^?1, suggesting that lisianthus does not require high levels of these nutrients. Although shoot N concentration was not correlated with N concentration in the nutrient solution or balance, increasing N in the shoot was associated with higher P and Mg in the plant tissues. In general, P, Ca, and Mg in plant tissues were unaffected by the external N / K balance, however, the internal P and Mg concentrations were positively correlated with shoot dry weight. Shoot K concentration significantly increased when the N / K balance decreased, which is related to the higher concentrations of external K when the balance decreased.

Conclusions: The optimum N / K balance for lisianthus was 2.14. However, there was a concentration effect, as fertigation with solutions containing a N / K balance of 2.14 and an N and K concentration of 9 and 4.2?meq?L^?1 respectively, resulted in plants with the greatest dry weight.  相似文献   

水培燕麦根系形态和氮吸收流量对硝态氮供应浓度的响应   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王俊英  王华青  梁晓东  刘景辉 《植物营养与肥料学报》2016,22(4):1049-1055

【目的】苗期根系的形态结构与作物的养分吸收和抗倒伏性密切相关,对燕麦如何合理施肥以达到最大的增产效果,需要对不同燕麦品种的氮吸收利用效率做出评价。【方法】本研究以3个不同燕麦栽培品种(坝莜9号、 坝莜3号和200215)为材料,分析了低、 中、 高NO-3-N浓度下(NO-3浓度为1、3、6 mmol/L)根系生长以及NO-3吸收流量的变化。将燕麦种子萌发至一片真叶展开时,每个品种挑选长势一致的10株幼苗放入含不同NO-3浓度的Hoaglands培养液中培养,培养3周后选取长势基本一致的幼苗,采用非损伤微测技术测定根系NO-3流量并利用根系图像分析系统WinRhizo分析根系形态指标。【结果】NO-3-N浓度对不同燕麦品种节根数影响不显著,对侧根密度、 总根长、 根系平均直径和不同直径范围内根系长度分布均有显著影响; NO-3-N浓度的变化对坝莜3号根系吸氮量有显著影响,对坝莜9号和200215根系吸氮量的影响不显著; 根系NO-3吸收流量的动态变化与侧根数量变化有一致性; NO-3平均吸收流量与总根长、 平均直径及根系平均直径≤0.16 mm的细根在根系中所占比例的变化一致。【结论】不同NO-3-N供应浓度主要影响燕麦苗期侧根(直径≤0.16 mm的细根)的形成和生长,对根系NO-3吸收流量的影响因品种而异; 根系NO-3吸收流量的变化主要受总根长、 根系平均直径及细根在根系中所占比例的影响。  相似文献   

水培叶菜自动化生产系统     

杨艳丽  江海宇  杨丹彤  辜松 《现代农业装备》2016,(3)

水培叶菜生产具有生长周期短、周转快,经济效益高等特点,在设施栽培中的生产规模不断的扩大。本文分析了水培叶菜生产的特点和自动化生产的需求,通过对国外自动化生产系统的研究,为我国水培叶菜自动化生产提出参考借鉴。  相似文献   

Performance of wick irrigation system using self-compensating troughs with substrates for lettuce production     

Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi  Roberto Testezlaf 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(1):147-161

Subirrigation systems in which water and nutrients are supplied to the substrate through wick strips for upward nutrient solution (NS) movement can be a feasible alternative to improve lettuce quality with low environmental pollution, enabling production with reduced labor and electricity or in regions with high air temperature. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of two wick irrigation systems using self-compensating troughs filled with either pine bark (WPB) or coconut coir (WCC) with nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system for greenhouse lettuce production. The daily monitoring of electrical conductivity (EC) and pH allowed the experiment management according to the recommended values for optimal lettuce growth. The EC showed variation among troughs and salt accumulation in substrates, with WPB exhibiting two times greater EC than WCC (ranging from 0.95 to 7.57 and from 0.68 to 3.67 dS·m^?1, respectively), while the pH values were stable over time. The WCC promoted greater root length and shoot diameter, while WPB produced shorter plants compared to the other two treatments. NFT resulted in an 83% lower leaf area and 44% lower root volume than WPB and WCC. The fresh and dry shoot masses with NFT were 58% and 24% lower than with WPB and WCC, respectively. The fresh root mass was also reduced in NFT plants, which was 67% smaller than WCC and 59% smaller than WPB. Root dry mass of NFT was 35% lower than the average of WPB and WCC. Nitrate (NO₃)-nitrogen (N), ammonium (NH₄)-N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) concentrations in plant shoot and root at the end of the experiment as well as the same nutrients, chloride, sodium, and bicarbonate concentrations in substrate and NS determined weekly differed among the treatments (P < 0.01). The EC and nutrient concentration in the substrates increased over time. The wick irrigation system with both substrates resulted in higher productivity than NFT, with higher yield and plant quality in WCC, indicating its feasibility as an alternative system for lettuce production in greenhouses. However, due to the salinity buildup, water and nutrition management needs to be optimized for self-compensating troughs to avoid an increase in substrate EC over time.  相似文献   

水培法磷矿石对小麦生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. ASHRAF  RAHMATULLAH  M. A. MAQSOOD  S. KANWAL  M. A. TAHIR  L. ALI 《土壤圈》2009,19(3):398-402

Screening cultivars to grow under conditions of low phosphorus (P) availability and utilize P efficiently from compounds of low solubility in soils may be beneficial to overcome poor plant growth in P-deficient soils.The growth behavior and P utilization efficiency of seven wheat cultivars grown in hydroponics were studied,using rock phosphate as P source.The wheat cultivars grown for 30 days were significantly different in biomass accumulation,P uptake and P utilization efficiency.The dry matter production of all the cultivars was significantly correlated with P uptake,which in turn correlated to the drop in the root medium pH.The ranking of wheat cultivars on the basis of dry matter yield,P uptake and P utilization efficiency was Zamindar 80 ＞ Yccora ＞ C 271 ＞ WL 711 ＞ Barani 83 ＞ PARI 73 ＞ Rohtas.The cultivar Zamindar 80 appeared to possess the best growth potential in P-deficient soils.  相似文献   

Remobilization and utilization of phosphorus in wheat cultivars under induced phosphorus deficiency     

Muhammad Abbas  Javaid Ahmed Shah  Muhammad Irfan  Muhammad Yousuf Memon 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(12):1522-1533

A solution culture study was conducted to compare the phosphorus (P) remobilization efficiency of four wheat cultivars under induced P deficiency. Wheat cultivars, i.e. Sarsabz, NIA-Sunder, NIA-Amber and NIA-Saarang were initially grown on adequate P nutrition for 30 days and then exposed to P-free nutrient solution for next 15 days to study P remobilization. Completely randomized design (CRD) with ten replicates per cultivar was employed. Cultivars varied for biomass production, P concentration, P uptake, and P utilization efficiency at both harvests. Overall, more than 75% of absorbed P was mobilized from older leaves to younger leaves as well as roots of all cultivars during P-omission period. However, cultivars could not produce significant variations (P < 0.05) in P remobilization, which implied that P remobilization was only a stress response to P deficiency in wheat cultivars and it could not be related to P utilization efficiency of these cultivars.  相似文献   

Abscisic acid improves tomato fruit quality by increasing soluble sugar concentrations     

T. Casey Barickman  Dean A. Kopsell 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(7):964-973

Abscisic acid (ABA) is crucial in fruit maturation and senescence and is considered as the other ripening control factor other than ethylene. Important components in ripening fruit are soluble sugars, which make the fruit sweeter and carotenoids, important flavor compounds in ripened fruit. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of foliar ABA and calcium (Ca) fertilizer treatments (individually and in combination) on determinate beef-steak greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf chlorophylls and carotenoids, fruit carotenoids, and soluble sugar concentrations. Foliar spray treatment of 500 mg L^?1 ABA increased zeaxanthin (ZEA) and β-carotene (BC) in tomato leaf tissue. Increases in Ca fertilizer treatments significantly decreased tomato leaf violaxanthin (VIO), but no effect on other carotenoids. The application of 500 mg L^?1 ABA foliar spray significantly increased glucose and fructose concentrations in tomato fruit tissue. Foliar application of ABA treatments can increase overall chlorophyll, carotenoid content, and fruit quality.  相似文献   

水培甘薯的光合研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

张玉娟周全卢  李育明何素兰 王梅 《中国农学通报》2011,27(3):112-115

使用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统对三种水培甘薯食用型南薯88、兼用型徐薯18和特用型南紫薯008的光合进行了测定,利用非直角双曲线模型对三种甘薯品种的光合作用生理参数进行拟合。结果表明,不同类型甘薯品种的光响应曲线的特征参数存在着差异,食用品种南薯88的光和潜力最强,可在高密度栽培下发挥群体优势达到高产;兼用型品种徐薯18对光的适应性次之,在较高密度栽培下能发挥群体优势;特用型品种南紫薯008的光合潜力和对光的适应性均最弱,但对弱光的利用率最高,最适合于间套作。不同类型甘薯品种间的生理指标存在相似的变化,气孔导度和蒸腾速率对净光合速率的影响达极显著正相关,胞间CO2浓度对甘薯净光合速率的影响呈极显著负相关,揭示了不同类型甘薯品种在光能利用上的差异。南紫薯008在较低光强下能很快使气孔打开,蒸腾速率也快速增加,从而使光合速率也加强。在高光强下,南薯88的气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度值最大,这可能是南薯88光合速率高的原因。为田间甘薯的共性和特异性研究提供了一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

外源硝酸钙对水培生菜生长及矿质元素吸收的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

何鑫  张存政  刘贤金  卢海燕  梁颖 《核农学报》2016,(12):2460-2466

为有效提高水培生菜产品的营养品质和矿物质含量,试验设置0.1%、0.3%、0.5%3个浓度硝酸钙进行叶面喷施处理,以喷施蒸馏水为对照,对不同处理下生菜生长、产量、品质及矿质元素吸收量进行统计分析。结果表明,硝酸钙叶面喷施处理诱导了SOD、POD、CAT活性的升高。硝酸钙处理28 d,各处理维生素C含量低于对照组,但差异不显著;0.5%处理硝酸盐含量显著高于对照,其他处理与对照组差异不显著;0.3%处理可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量显著高于对照。外源硝酸钙处理可增加叶片数、根长、根冠比,0.3%处理单株产量升高5.9%,可增加生菜地上部分磷、钾、钙含量,钙元素较对照升高最多,为30.8%,铁升高5.3%,镁下降3.2%。0.1%处理铁、镁含量较对照分别升高30.0%、20.3%。但随着处理浓度的升高镁、铁含量下降,0.5%处理较对照分别下降13.1%、1.1%。随着硝酸钙处理浓度的增加地上部锌逐渐从叶片转移至根,0.5%处理地上部分锌含量最低,为110.1mg·kg-1,较对照下降25.8%。综上,适当浓度的硝酸钙可增加水培生菜钙和部分微量元素含量,增加营养品质,施用过量会影响矿物质元素吸收平衡。本研究结果为指导水培生菜生产过程中应用叶面喷施硝酸钙形成高营养品质,提高微量矿物质元素提供了理论依据。  相似文献