野鸢尾和射干种间杂交F_2代主要性状变异分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨占辉  高亦珂  刘菁芸  张启翔 《中国农业大学学报》2014,19(1):67-73

通过观测野鸢尾(Iris dichotoma)×射干(I.domestica)杂交F2代群体(n=61)中每一个体的株高、花径、花数、花色和彩斑等14个表型性状,对F2代与双亲性状差异、群体性状变异、主要性状间遗传相关性及花色遗传变异等方面进行分析,以明确F2群体性状变异特点,指导夏季开花鸢尾育种实践。结果表明:F2代12个性状中,8个性状的观测值居于双亲之间;除花朵直径和花朵数量外,花葶长等10个性状基本均呈正态分布,属多基因控制的数量性状;性状之间存在一定相关性,外花被长与内花被长和外花被宽与内花被宽的相关度最高,相关系数分别为0.821和0.734,趋于连锁遗传;对颜色性状的分析结果表明花色和花瓣彩斑的遗传由不同基因调控,但都是由多个基因共同控制。野鸢尾×射干F2代群体的花朵直径、花朵数量、花葶长及花色变异丰富,利于大花、多花、花葶矮生和奇异花色的优良单株的选择。  相似文献   

银川平原芦苇群落植物种间关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏贵菊  何彤慧  赵永全  邓鑫  郭宏玲  段志刚 《广东农业科学》2014,41(18):122-126

以银川平原芦苇群落作为研究对象,运用野外调查法对芦苇群落进行研究,采用x2检验和Spearman秩相关分析检验研究银川平原芦苇群落的种间关联性,并对种间关联的结果进行生态分析.结果表明:银川平原芦苇群落主要的植物构成包括20种18属14科.银川平原芦苇群落主要种群种间呈显著或极显著相关的种对数较少,仅占总种对数的47.89％,其中呈显著正相关种对数的只有20.00％,所占比例均较小,负相关及不相关的种对数占总的种对数的80.00％,所占比重较大.按照其分布的环境条件可划分为4个生态种组,即水生植物种组、湿生植物种组、中生植物种组、中旱生植物种组.  相似文献   

Body shape variation within and among three species of darters (Perciformes: Percidae)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. M. Guill  C. S. Hood  D. C. Heins 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2003,12(2):134-140

Abstract –  Using geometric morphometric (GM) techniques, we quantified intra and interspecific variation in female body shape using five collections each of Etheostoma caeruleum Storer, Etheostoma nigrum Rafinesque, and Etheostoma stigmaeum (Jordan). Nested multivariate analysis of variance showed significant variation in body shape among populations (Wilks' Λ = 0.0687, F _144,7585.1 = 19.35, P  < 0.0001), as well as among species (Wilks' Λ = 8.7 × 10⁻⁶, F _24,2 = 28.18, P  = 0.0348). Etheostoma caeruleum displayed greater body depth relative to both E. nigrum and E. stigmaeum , whereas E. nigrum displayed a compressed arrangement of mid-body landmarks relative to both E. stigmaeum and E. caeruleum . The broader implications of these findings highlight the value of geometric morphometrics as both an exploratory and analytical approach. Conclusions drawn from comparisons among moderately differentiated darter species in future studies of body size and shape are likely robust to intraspecific variation within species, and will permit more rigorous investigations into the ecomorphology of these benthic stream fishes.  相似文献   

Meiotic and Isozymic Analyses of Tall Fescue × Giant Fescue Hybrids and Amphiploids1     

G. C. Eizenga  D. M. Burner  R. C. Buckner 《Plant Breeding》1990,104(3):202-211

The meiotic behavior of three tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, 2n = 6x = 42) genotypes, giant fescue (F. gigantea, 2n = 6x = 42), and their reciprocal F₁ hybrids and C₁, amphiploids was evaluated to determine the parental genomic relationships. Isozyme banding patterns were used to confirm the parental identity of the hybrids and amphiploids. At meta-phase I, the parents had predominantly bivalent pairing. The hybrids had an average of 9.51 I, 16.02 II, 0.12 III, 0.02 IV, and the amphiploids had 2.17 I, 38.82 II, 0.60 III, 0.58 IV, 0.01 V—VIII. The prevalence of bivalent pairing in both hybrids and amphiploids suggested a homoeologous relationship between the six genomes, with four of the six being more closely related. Bivalent pairing in the amphiploids indicated genetic regulation of chromosome pairing. Zymograms were obtained for acid phosphatase (ACPH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) and phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI). The three tall fescue and giant fescue parents had different zymograms for ACPH, MDH, 6-PGD and PGI; thus, the tall fescue parents of the hybrids and amphiploids could be determined based on the banding patterns of these four enzymes. Phenotypes were determined for ACPH-1, PGI-2 and 6-PGD-1. ACPH-1 may be used to follow the introgression of giant fescue chromatin into a certain tall fescue genotype.  相似文献   

Production of hybrids between Cajanus acutifolius and C. cajan     

Nalini Mallikarjuna  K.B. Saxena 《Euphytica》2002,124(1):107-110

There are many wild species of pigeonpea which are endemic to Australia. These wild species are cross incompatible with cultivated species of Indian origin. Cajanus acutifolius is one such species which does not easily cross with cultivated pigeonpea. Interspecific pollinations lead to hybrid seeds which were semi-shrivelled. Very few seeds germinated to give rise to F1 plants. Backcrossing the hybrid plants to C. cajan, the male parent, gave rise to aborting seeds which did not germinate in vivo hence BC1 plants are obtained after saving the aborting embryos in vitro. BC₁ plants showed normal meiotic pairing, but had low pollen fertility. The reasons for embryo abortion and low pollen fertility in spite of normal meiosis could be due to the effect of wild species cytoplasm. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Interspecific hybridization inBrassica juncea × Brassica hirta using embryo rescue     

D. Mohapatra  Y. P. S. Bajaj 《Euphytica》1987,36(1):321-326

Summary Interspecific hybrids have been obtained in an otherwise incompatible cross betweenBrassica juncea × Brassica hirta through the in vitro culture of hybrid ovules and ovaries. The best response was observed from ovules and ovaries cultured 10–15 and 5–7 days after pollination respectively on a basal medium supplemented with indoleacetic acid, kinetin and casein hydrolysate. In some cases the basal cut end of the ovaries proliferated to form callus and shoots. The in vitro-derived hybrid seeds varied in their colour, size and shape, and the F₁ plants in the field showed a large diversity in their morphological traits. The hybrids were sterile, and had an intermediate number of chromosomes (2n=30).  相似文献   

Interspecific hybridization of a multiploid mutant of durum wheat with rye and Triticum monococcum L. results in pentaploid hybrids     

D. L. Klindworth  N. D. Williams  R. A. McIntosh 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(3):213-216

The multiploid mutant of durum wheat is a genotype that produces unreduced gametes. Our objective was to test the recovery of pentaploid hybrids in crosses of the mutant with rye and Triticum monococcum L. Compared with check crosses, the mutant had a two‐third reduction in percent seed set for rye crosses, but had only a slight decrease in crossability with T. monococcum. Pentaploid hybrids were associated with plump seeds of the mutant/rye cross, and with shrivelled seeds of the mutant/T. monococcum cross. We suggest that the endosperm balance number hypothesis explains the association of pentaploid hybrids with endosperm type. This association made for easy recovery of pentaploid hybrids from crosses to both species. Mature, plump seeds from the mutant/rye cross were germinated and pentaploid hybrids were recovered. One pentaploid hybrid was recovered for every 50.5 and 15.1 florets pollinated with rye and T. monococcum, respectively. Unreduced gametes in the multiploid mutant will facilitate interspecific hybridization by reducing the time to produce pentaploid plants.  相似文献   

Prospects of polyploidizing cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, by unreduced microspores     

N.M. A. Nassar  M. Freitas 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(2):195-197

Eleven interspecific hybrids of cassava with the wild relatives Manihot glaziovii, M. pseudoglaziovii. M. dichotoma and M. anomala were examined to detect unreduced microspores. The frequency of dyads and triads was counted, as well as pollen viability. Of these hybrids, the second generation progeny of cassava×M. glaziovii showed a high frequency of unreduced microspores (3.7%) permitting their selection for further manipulation of this character. An association of vegetatively-reproduced genotypes and the occurrence of unreduced microspores has also been observed.  相似文献   

Risk assessment of outcrossing of transgenic rapessed to related species:     

M. C. Kerlan  A. M. Chèvre  F. Eber  A. Baranger  M. Renard 《Euphytica》1992,62(2):145-153

Summary The risk for a gene dispersal is reported for reciprocal crosses between a transgenic rapeseed variety resistant to the herbicide phosphinotricin and five related species. The first stages after pollination were cytologically observed and fertilized ovaries were established in in vitro culture for the production of interspecific hybrids. A similar classification was observed for the index of pollination compatibility and embryo yield. From the 243 embryos produced, 109 plantlets were obtained in a greenhouse. All the interspecific combinations tested were able to produce hybrid plants. A higher number of hybrids was obtained when rapeseed was used as the female parent. The hybrids had the expected triploid structure except for two amphidiploid, B. napus × B. oleracea, and one amphidiploid, B. napus × S. arvensis, plants with 56 chromosomes. The triploid hybrids were sterile or partially fertile but two of the amphidiploid plants, B. napus × B. oleracea, were fully fertile. The cytoplasm source did not seem to affect the fertility of the hybrids.  相似文献   

Critical Discussion on Abortive Interspecific Crosses in Brassica   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

I. Nishiyama    M. Sarashima  Y. Matsuzawa 《Plant Breeding》1991,107(4):288-302

In most interspecific hybridization among diploid Brassica species (n = 8, 9, 10), few or no hybrids are obtained, and the three crosses of tetraploid (n = 17, 18, 19) by diploid species are usually only partially successful, especially in one of the reciprocal crosses. Such a cross-incompatibility complex is explained in this paper by a polar-nuclei activation (PNA) hypothesis which proposes two reversible functions, a normal reproduction and a sexual barrier, of double fertilization in higher plants. The first, i.e. the relative activating value (AV) of diploid species, was estimated as 1.0–3.5, whereas that of tetraploid species was 2.7–5.2. In addition, crosses with a polar nuclei activation index (AI) of about 15–87 % were compatible but those beyond the two limits were incompatible, 50 % of those showing normal seed development after self-pollination.  相似文献