Beef tallow is suitable as a primary lipid source in juvenile Florida pompano feeds          下载免费PDF全文

A.N. Rombenso  J.T. Trushenski  M.H. Schwarz 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(6):1274-1286

It is assumed that Florida pompano have dietary EPA (20:5n‐3) and DHA (22:6n‐3) requirements. However, it is unclear whether both are equally important in meeting demand for n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs) or whether the requirement(s) can be influenced by other fatty acids. Accordingly, we assessed production performance and tissue composition of juvenile Florida pompano (41.0 ± 0.5 g) fed diets containing fish oil; beef tallow; or beef tallow partially or fully supplemented with EPA, DHA or both. After 8 weeks, no signs of fatty acid deficiency were observed. Although fish performance did not vary significantly among the dietary treatments, fish fed the DHA‐supplemented feeds exhibited numerically superior growth than those fed the other diets. Fillets of fish fed the beef tallow‐based diets contained reduced levels of n‐3 fatty acids and LC‐PUFAs and elevated levels of MUFAs and n‐6 fatty acids, although dietary supplementation with EPA and/or DHA attenuated these effects somewhat. Our results suggest that beef tallow is suitable as a primary lipid source in Florida pompano feeds and n‐3 LC‐PUFA requirements may be met by as little as 4 g/kg EPA and 4 g/kg DHA. However, there may be value in supplementing tallow‐based diets with DHA to enhance tissue levels and possibly growth.  相似文献   

Development of genomic predictions for Angus cattle in Brazil incorporating genotypes from related American sires     

Gabriel Soares Campos  Fernando Flores Cardoso  Claudia Cristina Gulias Gomes  Robert Domingues  Luciana Correia de Almeida Regitano  Marcia Cristina de Sena Oliveira  Henrique Nunes de Oliveira  Roberto Carvalheiro  Lucia Galvo Albuquerque  Stephen Miller  Ignacy Misztal  Daniela Lourenco 《Journal of animal science》2022,100(2)

Genomic prediction has become the new standard for genetic improvement programs, and currently, there is a desire to implement this technology for the evaluation of Angus cattle in Brazil. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of evaluating young Brazilian Angus (BA) bulls and heifers for 12 routinely recorded traits using single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) with and without genotypes from American Angus (AA) sires. The second objective was to obtain estimates of effective population size (N_e) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the Brazilian Angus population. The dataset contained phenotypic information for up to 277,661 animals belonging to the Promebo breeding program, pedigree for 362,900, of which 1,386 were genotyped for 50k, 77k, and 150k single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels. After imputation and quality control, 61,666 SNPs were available for the analyses. In addition, genotypes from 332 American Angus (AA) sires widely used in Brazil were retrieved from the AA Association database to be used for genomic predictions. Bivariate animal models were used to estimate variance components, traditional EBV, and genomic EBV (GEBV). Validation was carried out with the linear regression method (LR) using young-genotyped animals born between 2013 and 2015 without phenotypes in the reduced dataset and with records in the complete dataset. Validation animals were further split into progeny of BA and AA sires to evaluate if their progenies would benefit by including genotypes from AA sires. The N_e was 254 based on pedigree and 197 based on LD, and the average LD (±SD) and distance between adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across all chromosomes were 0.27 (±0.27) and 40743.68 bp, respectively. Prediction accuracies with ssGBLUP outperformed BLUP for all traits, improving accuracies by, on average, 16% for BA young bulls and heifers. The GEBV prediction accuracies ranged from 0.37 (total maternal for weaning weight and tick count) to 0.54 (yearling precocity) across all traits, and dispersion (LR coefficients) fluctuated between 0.92 and 1.06. Inclusion of genotyped sires from the AA improved GEBV accuracies by 2%, on average, compared to using only the BA reference population. Our study indicated that genomic information could help us to improve GEBV accuracies and hence genetic progress in the Brazilian Angus population. The inclusion of genotypes from American Angus sires heavily used in Brazil just marginally increased the GEBV accuracies for selection candidates.  相似文献   

新疆褐牛与安格斯牛胴体及肉质性状及脂代谢相关基因表达差异比较     

陈俐静  陈卓  李娜  孙亚伟  李红波  宋雯雯  张杨  姚刚 《中国农业科学》2020,53(22):4700-4709

【目的】探明新疆褐牛与国外优良品种安格斯牛产肉性能及肉品质差异、体脂代谢相关基因及其产物表达的品种间的差异性。【方法】选择相同饲养管理条件下24月龄新疆褐牛和安格斯牛进行屠宰试验,测定其胴体性状和肉品质性状;采集背最长肌和皮下脂肪,采用石蜡切片技术观测脂肪组织和肌肉组织形态学差异;利用实时荧光定量PCR检测脂肪酸合成酶（fatty acid synthesase,FAS）、脂肪酸结合蛋白4（fatty acid-binding protein 4,FABP4）、激素敏感酯酶（hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL）、脂蛋白脂酶（lipoprotein lipase,LPL）和瘦素（Leptin,LEP）基因mRNA表达量;采用蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）测定FAS、HSL、LPL蛋白表达水平。【结果】1）新疆褐牛净肉率极显著高于安格斯牛（P＜0.01）,而背膘厚度显著低于安格斯牛（P＜0.05）。其余所测定的胴体性状相关指标均无品种间差异（P＞0.05）。2）新疆褐牛肉色L*显著低于安格斯牛（P＜0.05）;新疆褐牛平均肌纤维直径和横截面积均显著大于安格斯牛（P＜0.05）;新疆褐牛皮下脂肪组织单位面积脂肪细胞个数极显著多于安格斯（P＜0.01）,其余所测定的肉品质性状相关指标均无品种间差异（P＞0.05）。3）新疆褐牛与安格斯牛背最长肌和皮下脂肪FAS、FABP4、HSL、LPL、LEP等5个基因mRNA表达量均差异不显著（P＞0.05）;新疆褐牛背最长肌组织中FAS蛋白表达量极显著低于安格斯牛（P＜0.01）;HSL蛋白表达量显著低于安格斯牛（P＜0.05）;新疆褐牛皮下脂肪组织中HSL蛋白表达量显著低于安格斯牛（P＜0.05）。【结论】研究发现新疆褐牛产肉性能较好;但安格斯牛肉色较亮,且嫩度较好,体肪沉积能力较强。两品种间脂代谢相关基因产物FAS和HSL蛋白差异可能与安格斯肉牛背膘厚度差异有关。  相似文献   

青贮甜高粱和全株饲用玉米配比料饲喂西门塔尔肉牛的效果比较     

刘虎俊  刘光武  孙涛  张卫星  刘淑娟  万翔  杜娟  张忠  刘开琳  李菁菁 《中国牛业科学》2021,47(2):1-5

[目的]饲草在肉牛养殖中发挥着重要作用,通过牛体增重对比不同饲草及其配比喂养西门塔尔肉牛效果,以确定较优的青贮甜高粱和全株饲用玉米的配比.[方法]在冬季温室养殖条件下,设计5组配比的青贮甜高粱和全株饲用玉米饲喂西门塔尔肉牛,定期称量牛体增重,并分析各试验组养殖效益.[结果]试验结果显示,青贮甜高粱和全株玉米喂养西门塔尔...  相似文献   

Cattle acclimate more substantially to repeated handling when confined individually in a pen than when assessed as a group     

Jamie T Parham  Amy E Tanner  Sarah R Blevins  Mark L Wahlberg  Ronald M Lewis 《Journal of animal science》2022,100(3)

Chute (CS) and exit (ES) scores are common subjective methods used to evaluate temperament in cattle production systems. A pen test, which allows behavior to be observed in a non-restrained setting, may also be an effective method to evaluate temperament by allowing more variation among animals to be expressed. The merit of pen scores in assisting producers in evaluating temperament is equivocal. The objectives of this study were to validate the usefulness of a pen score in delineating temperamental cattle and to determine whether these behavioral scores change under repeated and routine management. Over 3 consecutive years, a factorial design of two measurement protocols (frequent [F], infrequent [IN]) and three recording periods was used. The F measurements were collected over 3 consecutive days and IN measurements only on day 1 within a recording period. Each year, 20 mostly Angus commercial Bos taurus heifers were randomly assigned to each protocol. Behavior was measured using a CS, ES, and exit velocity. Body temperature and heart rate also were recorded. A fecal and blood sample were collected and analyzed for levels of various metabolites including glucose concentration and serum cortisol. Following routine handling, each heifers’ response to 30 s of exposure to a human stressor was recorded both individually and in groups of four. An individual (IPS) and group (GPS) pen scores were assigned from 1 (docile) to 6 (aggressive). For all heifers, protocol, event, and their interaction, were compared on the first day of an event. For F heifers, event and day within event were instead used. Body weight was included as a covariate, with sire and year fitted as random effects. Reliability of IPS and GPS were determined using a kappa (K) coefficient. Both IPS and GPS were reliably assigned (K = 0.64 and 0.44 for IPS and GPS, respectively) and positively correlated with body temperature, heart rate, glucose, and serum cortisol (r = 0.28 to 0.37). Furthermore, F heifers acclimated to repeated handling in an individual pen setting (P < 0.05) while acclimation to handling within groups was not evident (P > 0.14). IPS provides a reliable evaluation of temperament in a non-restrained setting that is indicative of an animal’s response to stress and may be useful when attempting to make phenotypic selection decisions. However, temperamental heifers became calmer with repeated gentle handling.  相似文献   

多目标肉牛进食行为识别方法研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张宏鸣  武杰  李永恒  李书琴  王红艳  宋荣杰 《农业机械学报》2020,51(10):259-267

基于计算机视觉技术,借助已有系统获得肉牛进食行为数据,并与体重变化、健康状况等进行关联分析,对肉牛科学养殖具有重要意义。为此提出了一种基于机器视觉的肉牛进食行为识别方法。该方法采用YOLOv3模型对观测范围内的肉牛目标进行检测,利用卷积神经网络识别单个目标的进食行为,进而实现对多目标肉牛进食行为的识别。卷积操作时,利用填充（padding）增强网络对目标边缘特征的提取能力;使用修正线性单元（ReLU）为激活函数,防止梯度消失;采用丢弃（dropout）方法提高网络的泛化能力。获取实际肉牛养殖场的监控视频,构建数据集,分别在8组测试集上进行试验,本文方法对观测范围内肉牛目标检测的平均精确度为83.8%,进食行为识别的平均精确度为79.7%、平均召回率为73.0%、平均准确率为74.3%,能够满足肉牛进食行为的监测需求。基于YOLOv3模型和卷积神经网络的多目标肉牛进食行为识别方法具有较高的准确性,为肉牛行为非接触式监测提供了新的途径。  相似文献   

基于ECA-YOLO v5s网络的重度遮挡肉牛目标识别方法     

宋怀波  李嵘  王云飞  焦义涛  华志新 《农业机械学报》2023,54(3):274-281

肉牛目标检测和数量统计是精细化、自动化、智能化肉牛养殖要解决的关键问题,受肉牛个体颜色及纹理相近和遮挡等因素的影响,现有肉牛目标检测方法实用性较差。本研究基于YOLO v5s网络与通道信息注意力模块(ECABasicBlock),提出了一种融合通道信息的改进YOLO v5s网络(ECA-YOLO v5s),在YOLO v5s模型的骨干特征提取网络部分添加了3层通道信息注意力模块。ECA-YOLO v5s网络实现了重度遮挡环境下多目标肉牛的准确识别。对养殖场监控视频分帧得到的肉牛图像采用了一种基于结构相似性的冗余图像剔除方法以保证数据集质量。数据集制作完成后经过300次迭代训练,得到模型的精确率为89.8%,召回率为76.9%,全类平均精度均值为85.3%,检测速度为76.9 f/s,模型内存占用量为24 MB。与YOLO v5s模型相比,ECA-YOLO v5s的精确率、召回率和平均精度均值分别比YOLO v5s高1.0、0.8、2.2个百分点。为了验证不同注意力机制应用于YOLO v5s的性能差异,本研究对比了CBAM(Convolutional block attention mo...  相似文献   

牛肉激光动态散斑活性影响因素研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董庆利  金曼  胡孟晗  刘宝林 《农业机械学报》2016,47(2):288-294,301

以时间序列散斑图的惯性力矩作为散斑活性,研究新鲜牛肉图像散斑活性的相关影响因素,以优化激光散斑的测定效果。采用He-Ne激光器照射牛肉表面,通过工业相机获取图像,测得时间序列散斑图的散斑活性值,检测成像时图像的精度差异,研究不同条件下牛肉散斑活性的变化趋势。应用Box-Behnken试验设计,建立光照强度、激光波长和入射角度3个因素的二次多项式回归模型并进行分析。结果表明光照强度、激光波长和入射角度对牛肉散斑活性影响显著,得到牛肉图像散斑活性值最大时的优化测定条件为激光波长635 nm、光照强度30 m W、入射角度15°,在此条件下,散斑图像的散斑活性达到476.04,散斑活性预测模型的决定系数R2为0.992,均方根误差RMSE为8.14,偏差因子(Bf)和准确因子(Af)均在可接受范围内。明确不同因素对新鲜牛肉激光动态散斑图像的影响,可提高激光动态散斑活性的识别精度,为改进牛肉品质的测定方法提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

北京地区酱卤牛肉中挥发性风味物质剖面分析     

李娟  韩东  米思  李侠  张春晖 《核农学报》2020,34(1):94-103

为研究酱卤牛肉中挥发性风味物质的贡献程度,以北京地区老字号酱卤牛肉(稻香村、天福号、月盛斋、东来顺)为研究对象,探究各酱卤牛肉产品中风味物质的组成、质量浓度及整体贡献,并采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对北京地区老字号酱卤牛肉中的挥发性风味成分进行定性定量分析。结果表明,4种酱卤牛肉产品中共鉴定出78种挥发性风味物质,其中气味活性物质(OAV ≥1)12种,分别为庚醛、壬醛、肉豆蔻醛、桉叶油醇、芳樟醇、(-)-4-萜品醇、L-α-松油醇、α-松油醇、草蒿脑、茴香脑、1-甲基萘、2-戊基呋喃,被确定为主体风味物质。因具有相对较高的OAV和特殊风味,壬醛、桉叶油醇、芳樟醇、草蒿脑、茴香脑被认定为北京地区老字号酱卤牛肉的特征风味物质,酮类、酯类和部分醇类为修饰风味物质。对12种气味活性物质进行主成分分析和聚类分析,发现不同酱卤牛肉的风味轮廓差异显著,可明确区分其整体风味情况;气味活性物质可聚为4类,其分别来源于原料肉中脂肪的氧化降解、美拉德反应,以及香辛料的添加等。本研究结果为酱卤牛肉产品的风味调控提供了理论参考。  相似文献   

牛肉低温储藏期间质构参数分析及新鲜度指标的确定     

徐亚丹  代丽 《农业工程学报》2016,32(12):267-272

为了寻求低温储藏期间牛肉新鲜度的快速检测指标,将牛肉置于5℃冷鲜密封储藏和-5℃冷冻密封储藏2种条件下,用挥发性盐基氮检测(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)、恒温干燥法与质构多面分析方法(texture profile analysis,TPA)对牛肉样品(储藏时间0、3、6、9、12、15 d)进行检测。发现-5℃冷冻条件下储藏的牛肉比5℃冷藏条件下储藏的牛肉保鲜时间更长,且随着储藏时间的增加2种储藏条件下牛肉的含水率都降低。得到0~15 d内5℃冷鲜密封储藏和-5℃冷冻密封储藏牛肉质地参数(硬度1、硬度2、回复性)的变化规律。用二因素方差分析得知储藏时间、储藏温度对回复性均有显著影响(P0.05),用相关性分析得知硬度1、硬度2、回复性与新鲜度指标显著相关(P0.05)。选取2℃条件下冷鲜密封储藏牛肉进行试验验证,测定挥发性盐基氮与回复性,对试验数据进行统计分析并线性拟合,挥发性盐基氮与回复性两者的线性函数关系具有较好拟合优度(R2=0.85311),挥发性盐基氮值与回复性呈显著相关(P0.05)。因此回复性可作为牛肉低温储藏期间新鲜度的检测指标。研究结果可为生产储运过程与日常生活中牛肉保鲜和保持质地口感提供依据。  相似文献