减量侧深施肥对里下河地区单季粳稻产量和品质的影响     

姜恒鑫  黄恒  汪源  赵灿  王维领  霍中洋 《中国稻米》2022,28(4):84-89

以优质食味粳稻南粳9108和南粳5718为材料,以常规施肥为对照（CK,施氮量300 kg/hm2、基蘖氮肥与穗氮肥比7∶3）,分别设计6个侧深施肥处理[基蘖氮肥为常规施肥处理的100%(T1)、90%(T2)、85%(T3)、80%(T4)、75%(T5)及70%(T6),穗氮肥量同CK],探讨侧深施肥对里下河地区单季粳稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,T1处理显著提高水稻产量,2个品种产量分别提高了9.49%和8.23%,经济效益显著增加,同时改善了稻米的加工品质和营养品质,但未改善稻米的食味品质;T3处理2个品种产量与CK相比无显著差异,但提高了稻米的加工品质、外观品质和食味品质,是一种优质稳产的施肥方式。  相似文献   

不同类型专用小麦优质高产群体氮素积累特征分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

朱新开  郭文善  封超年  李春燕  彭永欣 《扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2007,28(3):58-63

通过不同类型专用小麦品种和氮肥运筹试验,研究不同类型专用小麦优质高产群体与普通群体在氮素吸收、积累、运转与利用特征等方面的差异。结果表明:拔节期和开花期不同类型群体间植株含氮率互有高低,成熟期强筋小麦含氮率优质高产群体高于普通群体,弱筋小麦含氮率优质高产群体低于普通群体。不同类型专用小麦品种间氮素阶段吸收量变化趋势基本一致,积累的高峰期均在拔节至开花期。强筋小麦优质高产群体氮素积累量生育前期低于普通群体,中、后期高于普通群体;中筋小麦优质高产群体与普通群体相比,氮素积累量前期较高,中、后期互有高低;弱筋小麦各生育期优质高产群体植株氮素积累量均低于普通群体。优质高产群体花后氮素积累量和花前氮素运转量由大到小依次均为强筋小麦、中筋小麦、弱筋小麦。  相似文献   

基于模型和GIS的农田有机肥供氮量时空变化分析     

朱大威  黄耀  金之庆  卢燕宇 《江苏农业学报》2007,23(5):432-436

将自主研制的有机肥氮素动态释放模型与地理信息系统(GIS)集成,对江苏省2000年农田有机肥供氮量(FOND)的空间变化以及1985～2000年间FOND的变化趋势和成因进行分析,并通过设置稻麦秸秆增量还田情景,评价进一步提高FOND的可能性.结果表明:1985年以来,全省平均FOND供应量逐年增加,苏东地区除射阳、大丰、启东等产棉区以外,大部分地区的FOND都较高,苏北地区次之,而苏中和苏南地区则相对较低.粮食单产提高、养殖业迅速发展、机收面积逐年扩大以及气候变暖是导致我省FOND总体提高的主要原因,秸秆加量还田可以进一步提高FOND.  相似文献   

不同氮、磷、钾水平对蝴蝶兰养分吸收及生长发育的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈尚平  汤久顺  苏家乐  李倩中  刘晓青 《江苏农业学报》2007,23(6):630-633

为提高蝴蝶兰的观赏品质,以蝴蝶兰品种F101530为试材,研究在了不同氮、磷、钾配比条件下,蝴蝶兰生长发育及其体内氮、磷、钾含量的差异.结果表明:蝴蝶兰植株体内氮、磷、钾含量与所施肥料的氮、磷、钾水平呈正相关.氮、磷、钾比例为3∶1∶1(高氮)条件下,蝴蝶兰植株的叶片数最多,鲜重、干重较重,花茎长且粗;氮、磷、钾比例为1∶3∶1(高磷)条件下,蝴蝶兰的假鳞茎直径最大,花枝数最多;氮、磷、钾比例为1∶1∶3(高钾)条件下,蝴蝶兰的单枝小花数最多.  相似文献   

氨氮和亚硝酸氮对南美白对虾的毒性研究   总被引：52，自引：2，他引：52  

孙国铭  汤建华  仲霞铭 《水产养殖》2002,(1):22-24

用通常的生物毒性试验方法进行了氨氮和亚硝氨氮对体长5cm南美白对虾的急性毒性试验。在海水pH8.15、水温T＝27℃、盐度S＝20．0‰条件下，求得了两种物质对南美白对虾24h、48h、72h、96h的半死浓度，提出总氨氮和非离子氨氮对南美白对虾的安全浓度分别为2．667mg/L和0．201mg/L，亚硝酸氮的安全浓度为5．551mg/L。氨氮对南美白对虾的毒性强于亚硝酸氮，并提出降低氨氮和亚硝酸氮含量的措施。  相似文献   

转基因技术在动物营养学中的应用及发展前景     

滕勇 《畜禽业》2002,(8):X033-X035

转基因技术的研究和应用已渗透到生命科学的各个领域,动物营养学的发展需要在分子水平上分析及解释营养物质对动物机体的变化调控,如生长发育、新陈代谢、遗传变异、免疫与疾病等。本文综述了转基因动物在动物营养学中的应用:改善生产性状,提高生产性能;建立遗传性疾病、肿瘤和其它疾病的实验动物模型;增强抗病力;利用转基因动物生产药用蛋白质。  相似文献   

Supplementation effect(s) of organic acids and/or lipid to plant protein‐based diets on juvenile yellowtail,Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck et Schlegel 1845, growth and,nitrogen and phosphorus excretion     

Md. Shah Alam Sarker  Shuichi Satoh  Keisuke Kamata  Yutaka Haga  Yoshihiro Yamamoto 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(4):538-545

A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of organic acids and/or lipid supplementation on growth, utilization and environmental loading of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in juvenile yellowtail fed fishmeal (FM) and plant protein (PP) diets. Six diets as FM (FM‐based), FM+P (FM with inorganic P), FM+L (FM with lipid), PP+CA (PP with citric acid), PP+L+CA (PP with lipid and citric acid) and PP+L+FA (PP with formic acid) were formulated. Yellowtails were fed each of the diets in duplicate groups; once a day, 6 days a week to near satiation at water temperature 19.0–25.0 °C for 16 weeks. Fishmeal with inorganic P gave the best growth while PP+L+FA the lowest. However, growth increased in PP+CA and PP+L+CA. Addition of lipid significantly increased N and P retention resulting in significant reduction in N and P excretion. Citric acid and FA supplementation to PP diets also increased retention of P; hence, its excretion was lowered. Thus, CA, FA and lipid in juvenile yellowtail diets can help to partially replace FM with PP sources and reduce inorganic P use to minimize environmental loading from aquafeeds.  相似文献   

Plasma membrane of trout spermatozoa: I. Isolation and partial characterization     

C. Labbé  M. Loir 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1991,9(4):325-338

The plasma membrane from spermatozoa of rainbow trout was isolated by four techniques: sonication, hypotonic shock, mechanical homogenization after freeze-thawing, and nitrogen cavitation, in combination with continuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. Nitrogen cavitation (900 PSI, 20 min equilibration at 4°C) was the most effective technique.Following nitrogen cavitation, four bands were recovered in the sucrose gradient at densities 1.03, 1.05, 1.09 and 1.15 g/ml. Electron microscopy revealed membrane vesicles of various sizes in bands 1 to 3, while enzyme analysis revealed a 3.9 to 5.5-fold enrichment in 5'-nucleotidase and little contamination by lactate dehydrogenase (cytosol) and succinic dehydrogenase (mitochondria). Lipid analysis of bands 1 and 2 indicated a 6 to 7-fold enrichment in cholesterol and a cholesterol: phospholipid ratio of 0.59–0.70. Seven classes of phospholipids were present in bands 1–3 with no significant differences observed among bands. These data indicate that the vesicles (in bands 1 and 2) obtained after nitrogen cavitation are primarily plasma membranes. Membranes in band 3 appear to be slightly contaminated with nuclear membranes.Most of the plasma membrane proteins were acidic to neutral. The 2 main membrane proteins were 42 and 30 Kilodaltons.  相似文献   

Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in diets for large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea     

Qinghui Ai  Kangsen Mai  Beiping Tan  Wei Xu  Qingyuan Duan  Hongming Ma  Lu Zhang 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):255-263

A growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets on the growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g^− 1) diets replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% FM protein by MBM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in sea floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m), and each cage was stocked with 180 fish (initial average weight of 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature ranged from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32 to 36‰, and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l^− 1 during the experimental period. Survival decreased with increasing dietary MBM and the survival in the fish fed the diet with 75% protein from MBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed the diets with 0 (the control group), 15, 30 and 45% protein from MBM. However, SGR in the fish fed the diets with 60 and 75% protein from MBM were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in feeding rate were observed among dietary treatments. The digestibility experiment showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of MBM were significantly lower compared with those of FM (P < 0.05). Essential amino acid index was found to be correlated positively with SGR in the present study, suggesting that essential amino acid balance was important. Body composition analysis showed that the carcass protein and essential amino acids were not significantly affected by dietary MBM. The lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) in fish muscle, however, significantly decreased with increasing dietary MBM. These results showed that 45% of FM protein could be replaced by MBM protein in diets of large yellow croaker without significantly reducing growth. It was suggested that the reduced growth with higher MBM was due to lower digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids.  相似文献   

Nutrient requirement for zoospore formation in two alariaceous plants Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar and Alaria crassifolia Kjellman (Phaeophyceae: Laminariales)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Takeshi Kumura  Hajime Yasui  Hiroyuki Mizuta 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(4):860-869

ABSTRACT:   Sporophyll formation in two alariaceous plants, Undaria pinnatifida and Alaria crassifolia , was studied in relation to the nutrient requirements. The sporophylls of U. pinnatifida formed zoosporangia when they had N and P contents greater than 1.4 kgN/m³ and 0.74 kgP/m³. This indicates that these values are the critical nutrient levels for zoospore formation in U. pinnatifida . In the sporophytes of A. crassifolia , many sporophylls with zoosporangia showed nutrient contents higher than 6.25 kgN/m³ and 1.70 kgP/m³. These results suggest that the U. pinnatifida can form zoospores at lower levels of N and P contents than A. crassifolia . Both species often formed zoosporangial sori on the blades in the late period of each reproductive season. The fertile parts of the blade showed N and P contents higher than the critical levels. This phenomenon indicates that the blades have the capability to form zoosporangial sori if there is a sufficient accumulation of nutrients for zoospore formation. The zoospore formation on the blade seems to be accomplished by an overflow of excess nutrients from sporophylls into the blade, or by accumulating sufficient nutrients to form sori even if the sporophylls are not formed.  相似文献