基于APSIM模型的内蒙古四大生态区不同降水年型下主要作物适应性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘霞霞  李扬  王靖  黄明霞  白蕤  宋扬  胡琦  张佳莹  陈仁伟 《中国农业科学》2022,55(10):1917-1937

【目的】探究内蒙古四大生态区（黄土高原、阴山北麓、燕山丘陵和大兴安岭）不同降水年型下主要作物（玉米、马铃薯、莜麦、油菜、油葵和食葵）的适应性,为优化内蒙古主要作物布局提供重要科学参考。【方法】本研究选取4个生态区的典型站点,应用验证后的APSIM模型定量6种作物的潜在产量、雨养产量和产量差,以此计算不同降水年型下作物减产率,评估其适应性并基于作物水分生产函数解析作物对水分的敏感性。【结果】（1）6种作物营养生长期、生殖生长期和产量模拟值与实测值的RMSE分别为10.1 d、8.9 d和1 322.4 kg·hm^-2,NRMSE分别为14.6%、19.2%和22.6%,表明模型能够较好地模拟不同区域各作物的生长发育和产量形成。（2）玉米、马铃薯、莜麦、油菜、油葵与食葵的潜在干重产量分别为12 024±4 874、7 315±806、6 611±906、2 424±326、2 721±205、4 905±428 kg·hm^-2,莜麦与食葵的最大潜在产量在阴山北麓,其他4种作物的最大潜在产量在黄土高原。玉米、马铃薯、莜麦、油菜、油葵与食葵的雨养干重产量分别为3 056±2 902、3 337±1 608、2 974±1 677、912±511、869±618、1 508±984 kg·hm^-2,6种作物的雨养产量自西向东递增,在大兴安岭达到最大值。玉米、马铃薯、莜麦、油菜、油葵与食葵的产量差分别为8 968±5 844、3 978±2 358、3 637±2 122、1 512±832、1 852±749、3 397±1 328 kg·hm^-2,除玉米与莜麦外的4种作物产量差自西向东递减,在大兴安岭达到最低值。（3）以雨养产量相对于潜在产量的减产率为干旱指标,并参考雨养产量的变异系数,则在雨养条件下,黄土高原区各作物均不适宜种植;阴山北麓区枯水年各作物均不适宜种植,平水年适宜种植马铃薯,丰水年则适宜种植马铃薯、莜麦;燕山丘陵区枯水年各作物均不适宜种植,平水年适宜种植马铃薯与莜麦,丰水年6种作物均适宜种植;大兴安岭区枯水年适宜种植马铃薯、莜麦、油菜与食葵,平水年与丰水年6种作物均适宜种植。（4）6种作物的相对蒸散与相对产量的线性相关均达到了极显著水平（P<0.01）,R²在0.84—0.99。作物对水分亏缺的敏感度为：油葵>食葵>玉米>莜麦>油菜>马铃薯。【结论】本研究揭示了内蒙古四大生态区不同降水年型下作物的适应性,6种作物对水分的敏感性差异较大,雨养条件下,马铃薯在阴山北麓与燕山丘陵的平水年与丰水年型以及大兴安岭的所有年型下均适宜种植,莜麦在阴山北麓的丰水年型、燕山丘陵的平水和丰水年型以及大兴安岭的所有年型下均适宜种植,油菜与食葵在燕山丘陵的丰水年,大兴安岭的所有年型下均适宜种植,而玉米与油葵仅在燕山丘陵的丰水年,大兴安岭的平水年与丰水年型下适宜种植。  相似文献   

半干旱黄土丘陵区旱作农业高产综合耕作栽培技术探讨     

刘东海 《干旱区资源与环境》1996,10(2):53-61

本文根据多年的科学研究和生产实践，结合当地实际情况，浅析了旱作农业高产高效耕作栽培技术措施。  相似文献   

A methodology for evaluating a location as a selection site for an international plant breeding program     

Federico Cuevas-Pérez  María Cristina Amézquita  Manuel J. Rosero 《Euphytica》1989,43(1-2):165-172

Summary A method for comparing locations as selection sites based upon their abilities to predict yield and disease reaction over a target region is proposed. The probability of coincidence in selection for a site is defined as the probability for a line selected at the site to be selected at other sites within the region. The probability of divergence in rejection is defined as that associated with regional selection of a line given that is discarded by the site where selection is being conducted. The ideal selection site would maximize the probability of coincidence in selection and minimize the probability of divergence in rejection. The method is illustrated using a set of data from the rice yield nurseries of the International Rice Testing Program for Latin America planted under the rainfed conditions of Central América and México during the period 1978–1984. Five locations were compared for their predictive ability in selecting for the rainfed rice growing region, based on yield and disease reaction. Selection for yield was defined as performance superior to the best check in each location. Selection for disease reaction was based on an index derived from the Standard Evaluation System for Rice for diseases of regional importance. Locations varies 10–15 percent in their selection coincidence with the region for both yield and disease selection criteria applied independently.  相似文献   

渭北东塬旱地小麦耗水及其调控   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

洪晓强 《水土保持通报》1996,16(3):49-52

该应用土壤水分平衡法对渭北东部旱地小麦耗水规律进行了探讨。得出了小麦全生育期耗水量２９１．５－３６５．９ｍｍ，水分平均满足率为６４．９％，通过统计分析建立了小麦产量与农田蒸散量的数学模型。提出了蓄水保墒、培肥地力、应用抗旱制剂等旱作农艺措施。  相似文献   

渭北旱塬杨家陇实验分区牧草引种栽培试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

昝林森 《草业科学》1993,(3)

本文根据连续3年的田间试验结果,对引种栽培的20种牧草,从物候期、覆盖度、茎叶比、青干比、生长速度、鲜草产量及抗逆性等七个方面进行对比分析,筛选出了适合渭北旱塬东部地区生态条件的优质高产草种,它们是豆科牧草中的红豆草、沙打旺和草原二号苜蓿等,以及禾本科牧草中的多花黑麦草、苇状羊茅和无芒雀麦等。从而为当地人工种草,强化农牧结合奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Functional roles of root plasticity and its contribution to water uptake and dry matter production of CSSLs with the genetic background of KDML105 under soil moisture fluctuation     

Stella Owusu-Nketia  Jonaliza Lanceras Siangliw  Meechai Siangliw  Theerayut Toojinda  Apichart Vanavichit  Noppon Ratsameejanphen 《Plant Production Science》2018,21(3):266-277

Soil moisture fluctuation (SMF) stress due to erratic rainfall in rainfed lowland (RFL) rice ecosystems negatively affect production. Under such condition, root plasticity is one of the key traits that play important roles for plant adaptation. This study aimed to evaluate root plasticity expression and its functional roles in water uptake, dry matter production and yield under SMF using three chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with major genetic background of KDML105 and a common substituted segment in chromosome 8. The CSSLs showed greater shoot dry matter production than KDML105 under SMF, which was attributed to the maintenance of stomatal conductance resulting in higher grain yield. The root system development based on total root length of the CSSLs were significantly higher than that of KDML105 due to the promoted production of nodal and lateral roots. These results implied that the common substituted segments in chromosome 8 of the 3 CSSLs may be responsible for the expression of their root plasticity under SMF and contributed to the increase in water uptake and consequently dry matter production and yield. These CSSLs could be used as a good source of genetic material for drought resistance breeding programs targeting rainfed lowland condition with fluctuating soil moisture environments and for further genetic studies to elucidate mechanisms underlying root plasticity.  相似文献   

Index-based assessment of agricultural drought in a semi-arid region of Inner Mongolia, China     

Rui LI  Atsushi TSUNEKAWA  Mitsuru TSUBO 《干旱区科学》2014,6(1):3-15

Agricultural drought is a type of natural disaster that seriously impacts food security.Because the relationships among short-term rainfall,soil moisture,and crop growth are complex,accurate identification of a drought situation is difficult.In this study,using a conceptual model based on the relationship between water deficit and crop yield reduction,we evaluated the drought process in a typical rainfed agricultural region,Hailar county in Inner Mongolia autonomous region,China.To quantify drought,we used the precipitation-based Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI),the soil moisture-based Crop Moisture Index(CMI),as well as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between dekad-scale drought indices during the growing season(May–September)and final yield,according to data collection from 2000 to 2010.The results show that crop yield has positive relationships with CMI from mid-June to mid-July and with the NDVI anomaly throughout July,but no correlation with SPI.Further analysis of the relationship between the two drought indices shows that the NDVI anomaly responds to CMI with a lag of 1 dekad,particularly in July.To examine the feasibility of employing these indices for monitoring the drought process at a dekad time scale,a detailed drought assessment was carried out for selected drought years.The results confirm that the soil moisture-based vegetation indices in the late vegetative to early reproductive growth stages can be used to detect agricultural drought in the study area.Therefore,the framework of the conceptual model developed for drought monitoring can be employed to support drought mitigation in the rainfed agricultural region of Northern China.  相似文献   

陇中半干旱区集雨限灌对马铃薯干物质积累和产量的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘震  秦舒浩  王蒂  张俊莲 《干旱地区农业研究》2010,28(4):46-49

研究了大田条件下集雨有限补偿灌溉对旱区马铃薯干物质积累分配和产量的影响。结果表明:进行有限补充灌溉对旱作马铃薯有显著的增产效果,其经济系数也得到相应提高,与对照(不灌水)相比,补灌处理产量增幅在3.91%~21.21%之间,苗期补灌45 mm与90 mm对马铃薯产量的补偿效应显著;补灌马铃薯干物质积累量与对照相比无显著差异,但花后干物质的分配运转,苗期补灌处理比对照移动量大,转换率高,有利于花后薯块营养物质的积累;薯块膨大期补灌45 mm和90 mm,在干物质积累和花后干物质转化方面均低于对照,增产效果也并不显著。  相似文献   

覆膜方式和保水剂对旱作马铃薯光合特性及产量的影响     

包开花  蒙美莲  陈有君  张婷婷  于小彬 《干旱地区农业研究》2016,34(3):139-143

为了探讨内蒙古阴山北麓地区旱作马铃薯生产中适宜的覆膜种植方式,以马铃薯"克新1号"品种为材料,通过大田小区试验,研究了露地平播(CK)、平作行上覆膜(PZHS)、双垄全膜覆盖沟播(QFM)、起垄覆膜膜侧播种(QLMC)四种不同覆膜方式和保水剂对旱作马铃薯光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,无论施保水剂还是不施保水剂条件下,不同种植方式的马铃薯叶片Pn、Gs、Tr随生育进程的推进均呈先增加后降低的变化,块茎形成期达到最高值,Ci则呈逐渐降低的变化;QLMC、QFM、PZHS三种覆膜方式的马铃薯叶片Pn、Gs、Tr均显著高于CK,Pn较CK分别增加4.5μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、2.6μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、1.2μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),三种覆膜Gs较CK分别增加3.14 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、2.56 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、1.63 mmol·m-2s-1,Tr较CK分别增加0.31 mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、0.21 mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、0.09 mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),Ci与之相反,三种覆膜方式均极显著低于对照,且表现为PZHSQFMQLMC,较CK分别低9.92μmol·mol-1、21.23μmol·mol-1、30.31μmol·mol-1;三种覆膜方式的马铃薯产量均高于对照,且均表现为QLMCQFMPZHS,分别较对照增产35.96%、15.99%、15.68%,其中QLMC与CK和PZHS间差异均达到显著水平;同种覆膜方式下,施保水剂较未施保水剂的产量及叶片Pn、Gs、Tr高,但Ci则是未施保水剂的高于施保水剂的。综合分析覆膜方式与马铃薯叶片光合特性及产量的关系,笔者认为,起垄覆膜膜侧播种可作为内蒙古阴山北麓旱作地区马铃薯覆膜种植的首选方式。  相似文献   

Chemical and Sensory Properties of Olive Oil as Influenced by Different Sources of Irrigation Water     

Salam Ayoub  Saleh AI-Shdiefat  Hamzeh Rawashdeh  IbrahimBashabsheh 《农业科学与技术》2013,(2):105-112

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