Assessment gaps and biases in knowledge of conservation status of fishes     

Imanol Miqueleiz  Monika Bohm  Arturo Hugo Ario  Rafael Miranda 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(2):225-236

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Aerobic muscle function during steady swimming in fish   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

David J Coughlin 《Fish and Fisheries》2002,3(2):63-78

Axial swimming in fish varies across a range of body forms and swimming modes. Swimming by eels, tunas, mackerels, scup, rainbow trout and bass span this range from high curvature anguilliform swimmers to rigid body thunniform swimmers. Recent work on these and other species has elucidated an impressive array of solutions to the problem of how to use the red (aerobic, slow‐twitch) muscle to power steady or sustained swimming. This review will use a comparative approach to understand the generalities of aerobic muscle function during steady swimming in fish and determine possible rules for the relationships between muscle contractile kinetics, in vivo muscle activity and power output during swimming. Beyond an exploration of the diversity in muscle activity and swimming kinematics, I suggest that analysis of the molecular basis for longitudinal variations in muscle function is needed to complement morphological and physiological research on fish muscle. This will permit both a general understanding of the integrative function of the fish myotome and, perhaps, predictive tools for muscle activity and swimming performance in fish.  相似文献   

Effects of prolonged epinephrine infusion on blood respiratory and acid-base states in the rainbow trout: Alpha and beta effects   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. G. Vermette  S. F. Perry 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1988,4(4):189-202

Rainbow trout were infused continuously for 12h with epinephrine in the presence or absence of alpha-and/or beta-adrenergic blockade to characterize the specific adrenergic mechanisms involved in the control of blood acid-base status and oxygen transport capacity. Infusion of epinephrine, alone, produced a transient respiratory acidosis, as indicated by an increase in carbon dioxide tension and a decrease in whole blood pH, yet arterial oxygen tension was elevated. Red blood cell pH increased by approximately 0.2 pH units during epinephrine infusion and this increase as well as the increase in oxygen tension were prevented by pretreatment with propranolol (a beta-adrenergic antagonist). Epinephrine infusion during alpha-adrenergic blockade caused a prolonged elevation of blood carbon dioxide tension and abolished the increases in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations observed during epinephrine infusion alone. Infusion of the alpha-adrenergic agonists phenylephrine (an alpha₁ agonist) or clonidine (an alpha₂ agonist) caused respiratory acidosis (decreased pH, increased CO₂ tension) and a reduction in oxygen tension. Infusion of isoprenaline (a non-specific beta agonist) caused delayed increases in carbon dioxide and oxygen tensions. We speculate that the increased carbon dioxide tension observed during epinephrine infusion is a result of beta-adrenoceptor mediated inhibition of red blood cell bicarbonate dehydration and not branchial convective or diffusive adjustments. The effects of epinephrine on blood O₂ tension, content and carrying capacity are discussed with reference to the participation of alpha- and beta-adrenergic mechanisms at the gill, spleen and red blood cell.  相似文献   

Characterization of a cDNA encoding a homolog of actin-related protein 4 from a marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis     

Yukihiro Kitade  Michiko Nakamura  Hirotoshi Endo  Satoru Fukuda  Kazuyoshi Kuwano  Naotsune Saga 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(3):639-645

ABSTRACT:   A cDNA ( PyARP4 ) containing an open reading frame for a protein of 573 amino acids was identified in the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis . The conceptual PyARP4 protein exhibits significant similarity to actin-related protein (ARP) 4 in the terrestrial plant Arabidopsis . Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence showed moderate sequence identity (30%) to a conventional actin in P. yezoensis , as seen in comparisons between ARP and conventional actins of other organisms. A putative bipartite nuclear localization signal and an actin motif were found within the PyARP4 amino acid sequence. In a phylogenetic analysis, the PyARP4 was found to cluster with the ARP4 of other organisms. The expression level of PyARP4 did not change significantly among four developmental stages of life cycle and was lower than that of a conventional actin. This cDNA therefore may serve as a useful internal standard in gene expression analyses of differentially expressed genes in P. yezoensis .  相似文献   

橡胶树红根病病原菌rDNA-ITS序列鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭军  张贺  张欣  张辉强  蒲金基  漆艳香  谢艺贤 《热带作物学报》2014,35(7):1393-1397

为了更好地对橡胶树红根病病原菌进行鉴定,从海南省和云南省发病严重的胶园采集病害样本、分离得到12个灵芝属菌株,并对其rDNA-ITS序列绘制Ganoderma属系统发育树。结果表明,采集得到的12个菌株中有11个鉴定为Ganoderma philippii、1个鉴定为G.gibbosum。  相似文献   

Simple and Rapid Quality Control of Sulfated Glycans by a Fluorescence Sensor Assay—Exemplarily Developed for the Sulfated Polysaccharides from Red Algae Delesseria sanguinea     

Susanne Lühn  Juliane C. Grimm  Susanne Alban 《Marine drugs》2014,12(4):2205-2227

Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. Obstacles to commercial (especially medical) application include considerable variability and complex chemical composition making the analysis and the quality control challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple microplate assay for screening the quality of SP. It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. Their FI increase in the Polymer-H assay was compared with other analytical parameters. By testing just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample, quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability can be detected. Further, structurally distinct SP showed to differ in their concentration-dependent FI profiles. By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin.  相似文献   

Allele Types of Rc Gene of Weedy Rice from Jiangsu Province,China     

Ll Xiao-yan QIANG Sheng SONG Xiao-ling CAI Kun SUN Yi-na SHI Zhi-hua DAI Wei-min 《水稻科学》2014,21(5):252-261

Weedy rice(Oryza sativa f. spontanea), the predominant type of which has a red pericarp, seriously inhibits growth and yield of direct-seeded rice in Jiangsu Province, China. In this study, we randomly selected 10 weedy rice accessions from 10 plots in Jiangsu, and then sequenced the full lengths of their Rc genes(approximately 6.4 kb). In addition, we collected 166 different full-length Rc genes in the Oryza genus from the literature and from GenBank. A collinearity sequence analysis showed that the 10 weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu all had the same wild-type allele of the Rc gene. Single nucleotide polymorphisms indicated that the nucleotide polymorphisms(π = 0.19) and the proportion of segregation sites(θw = 0.28) of the Rc genes in the 10 weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu were higher than those in 56 weedy rice accessions from USA(π = 0.09 and θw = 0.07). Haplotype and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Rc genes of weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu were not revertants of the rc gene found in Asian cultivated rice(O. sativa) varieties with white pericarp. In addition, Rc gene sequences of the rice varieties Lvdao from Lianyungang, Jiangsu and Tangdao from Anhui were more similar to those of cultivated rice than to the weedy rice from Jiangsu. These findings support the continued quarantine of weedy rice and clarify the evolutionary mechanism of the red pericarp found in the weedy rice of Jiangsu.  相似文献   

黄土和红壤丘陵区输变电线路工程水土流失影响因素及特征     

陈晓刚  丰佳  王文龙    潘明九  顾晨临  余智芳  伍欢 《水土保持研究》2022,29(4):192-197+206

为顺应国家电网公司高质量绿色发展的内在需求,防治输电线工程施工过程中造成的严重水土流失。以黄土丘陵区和红壤丘陵区为研究对象,通过野外调查和文献查阅,选取区域内两条典型线路,就气候、地形、土壤和植被等自然因素对输电线路工程水土流失特征的影响进行研究。结果表明:(1)黄土丘陵区相较于红壤丘陵区侵蚀营力除水力之外还有风力。(2)黄土丘陵区土壤渗透性强、土层深厚,而红壤丘陵区质地粘重、遇水易板结、入渗能力差。(3)黄土丘陵区植被自我恢复能力较差,施工过程中需要随时进行补植,而红壤区植被遭受破坏后恢复能力强,即使施工中植被遭受破坏,在短期内也可自然恢复。(4)黄土丘陵区输电线路工程在施工期土壤侵蚀模数是自然恢复期的1～10倍。黄土丘陵区输电线路各区域的土壤侵蚀模数是红壤丘陵区的2.5～31.25倍。(5)黄土丘陵区侵蚀模数在换流站站区、电机电缆区和榆林市线路工程塔基区的侵蚀模数取最大值,换流站站区和线路工程塔基区新增水土流失量最大; 而红壤丘陵区输电线路工程侵蚀模数在宜昌市线路工程塔基区取最大值,塔基区的新增水土流失量亦为最大。塔基区是水土流失防治和监测的重点区域。因此,根据当地自然因素差异,分区域设计工程措施,有利于减少水土流失。  相似文献   

油茶林土壤微生物量氮和酶活性的时空变异与影响因素     

郭春兰 《江西农业大学学报》2014,(5)

土壤微生物特性可反映油茶林土壤质量的优劣。为了解油茶林土壤微生物量氮（ SMBN）与酶活性时空变异机制,选取赣西地区油茶幼龄林（1和6年龄）、中龄林（10年龄）、成熟林（30和50年龄以上）为对象,对比分析了不同林龄、季节、土壤层次油茶林土壤SMBN和土壤蛋白酶、脲酶活性的异同。结果表明,林龄、季节和土壤层次对SMBN与酶活性的影响分别达显著水平（ P＜0．01）。其中土壤SMBN、蛋白酶、脲酶活性均为中龄林和成熟林大于幼龄林。 SMBN表现为冬、春季小于夏、秋季;蛋白酶活性为夏季高,春、秋季次之,冬季低;而脲酶活性为冬季高,春、秋季次之,夏季低。 RDA 分析表明,油茶人工林土壤碱解氮和水分能有助于增加SMBN,pH值降低会抑制脲酶活性,而养分对蛋白酶活性的影响不大。综上所述,推断研究区是油茶生长的适宜区,油茶林土壤质量尚处于健康的状态。  相似文献   

喷硼对红地球葡萄产量和品质的影响     

石占萍  陵军成 《山东林业科技》2014,(5):77-78

通过大田对比试验研究了红地球葡萄不同浓度硼和不同处理时期对葡萄产量和品质的影响。结果表明:花中期(50%花朵开放)喷施0.2%的硼有利于提高葡萄的产量和品质,与对照(CK)不喷硼相比,坐果率、单粒重、穗重、单株产量和可溶性固性物含量分别增长了132.47%、24.23%、38.71%、38.71%和30.69%。可滴定酸含量降低了40.82%,均达到极显著水平,且穗形紧凑。可将此方法作为高寒冷凉区设施红地球葡萄增产提质的参考值。  相似文献