宁夏农田残膜回收与再利用研究     

荣标 《宁夏农林科技》2014,(5):26-28

近年来,覆膜种植面积不断增大,农田里残留的各种地膜数量不断增加,造成了农田的"白色污染"。研究农田残膜的回收和再利用是解决"白色污染"问题的有效途径。通过实地调研和文献研究,了解宁夏地区农田残膜回收和再利用工作的基本情况,总结出宁夏农田残膜回收和再利工作中存在的问题。借鉴国内外先进经验,提出:加强宣传,营造氛围;以质量标准规范生产;积极进行研发和选型工作,确定适宜机型;强化财政补贴政策;制定规划、纳入考核项目等农田残膜回收与再利用的方法。并探索确定适宜宁夏应用的残膜机械化回收与加工再利用配套机具技术和长效运行机制。  相似文献   

基于虚拟仪器的柔性化农机机群远程监测系统研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王玲  王新  刘健  王书茂 《农业机械学报》2014,45(1):34-39

针对我国农业机械分布范围广、作业环境恶劣且数量繁多,采用人工监测机具运行状态将造成大量人力物力的消耗,自动化水平低;而传统的在线监测方式对于大范围测量存在费用高、采集精度差及能耗大等问题,建立了农业机械机群远程监测系统。其硬件设备由集成GSM和GPS技术的远程数据采集器及工程信号接收器组成,实现了农业机械作业状态、收获面积及地理信息等的自动监测及数据的主动上传;基于LabWindows/CVI的柔性化远程数据监测中心,采用面向对象的软件复用方法,可针对机群中不同类型农业机械、不同测控任务高效地开发专用测控软件,实现监测数据的实时显示、保存、地理信息的准确定位及行驶轨迹的动态跟随;通过调用Microsoft Access数据库,监测中心将单机使用状况及时汇报给系统管理员,为农业机械机群的分配、组合和集中管理提供可靠依据。通过田间试验表明,该系统现场数据传输的实时性、采集数据的准确性都达到了联合收获机机群远程监测的要求;采用软件复用的设计思想,大大提高了面向对象的专用测控软件的开发效率。  相似文献   

Irrigation effects of cooling tower effluent on soil chemistry and alfalfa in the Rio Grande river basin     

G. K. Ganjegunte  C. L. Trostle  R. J. Braun 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2011,22(4):410-424

Development of alternative sources through wastewater reuse is important to meet water demands in arid regions. However, effects of wastewater irrigation on soil properties and crop performance must be evaluated before advocating its widespread use. Objectives of this study were to evaluate: (i) effects of prior evaporative disposal of saline‐sodic blowdown water (BW) on soil (fine‐loamy, mixed, and thermic Typic Calciorthods) properties in the disposal area, and (ii) effects of flood irrigation with three water qualities (control, BW 1X, and BW 2X) on soil salinity and alfalfa performance using a greenhouse soil column study (soil collected from same study area as objective (i)). Results indicated that although prior land disposal of BW had increased salinity and sodicity of soil, they were within the tolerance limits of the intended crop, alfalfa. Mass balance calculations indicated measured (15·6 Mg ha⁻¹) and calculated (13·2 Mg ha⁻¹) salt accumulation at the test site used for evaporative disposal were similar. Alfalfa grown using BW under greenhouse conditions produced prime quality hay and biomass yield similar to the control treatment (8·3 g column⁻¹ vs. 10·5 g column⁻¹ in control). Although 3·6 years equivalent of flood irrigation with BW 1X did not result in saline soil (BW 1X irrigated soils EC ranged from 2·2 to 3·5 dS m⁻¹), BW 2X irrigation resulted in saline soils. Sodicities of irrigated soils were greater in fine textured deep soils than coarse textured surface soils (e.g., SAR of 6·1 at 0–5 cm vs. 19·5 mmol^1/2 L^−1/2 at 30–60 cm in BW 1X), indicating the need for high solubility Ca amendments for long‐term irrigation with BW on fine texture soils within the soil profile. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

水处理中活性炭对有机物的吸附性能与二者结构和性质的关系     

关炜  王园园 《安徽农业科学》2012,40(17):9422-9423,9426

活性炭可用于城市污水的处理回用,在农业当中进行节水灌溉。介绍了活性炭的主要性能指标,以及使用有机物分子的物理常数估算活性炭吸附性能的方法,为水处理中活性炭的选型提供了参考。  相似文献   

Experiment Research of Phosphate Deposition in TEDA Reuse Water & Landscape River     

FU Chun-ping  TANG Yun-ping  ZHANG Zhi-yang  JI Zhi-jun  LI Jian  CHEN Shuang-xing 《保鲜与加工》2005,(12):116-118

The deposition effects of the total phosphorous(TP) and phosphate(PO_(4)-P)in TEDA Reuse Water & Landscape River are studied,and the sedimentation reason of TP,PO_(4)-P are analyzed,then the settling curve of TP and PO_(4)-P is drawn in recycled water which is changed with time.When the reuse water is used as the water source,TP and PO_(4)-P deposit bottom silt.In laboratory simulation test,the needed time of the max deposition ratio for TP and PO_(4)-P is 1 day,meanwhile,the max deposition ratio of TP and PO_(4)-P are 95.15%,96.56% respectively.According to practical observation,the needed time of the deposition ratio is 7.5 days,longer for TP and PO_(4)-P to reach max deposition level than in the laboratory test,and the deposition ratio of the TP and PO_(4)-P is 85.10% and 87.43% respectively, lower than in the laboratory test.  相似文献   

Experimental Study on the Compressibility of Stale Waste     

《保鲜与加工》2003,(4):18-22

  相似文献   

乡镇企业废水的综合再利用计划和湿地战略: 实例研究     

ZHOU Qi-Xing  DAI Li-Mei  R. W. BELL 《土壤圈》1995,5(3):237-243

A waste water reuse engineering was designed and then operated in Hongshan,a small town in Zhejiang Province,China,in order to solve pollution and shortage of water resources due to the development of rural enterprises.The results showed that series-structure design and cycling model were two effective modes of saving water and decreasing pollutants into environment,and wetland strategy should be a component part of the integrated planning for waste water reuse of rural enterprises.This case study could provide a basis for the optimum utilization and pollution avoidance of water resources.  相似文献   

Drainage water reuse     

J.D. Oster  S.R. Grattan 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2002,16(4):297-310

Saline-sodic (4 < EC[dS/m] < 30; 10 相似文献   

小城镇水污染控制与污水利用对策     

庞少静 《中国农村水利水电》2004,(2):40-42

通过对小城镇水污染现状与特征的分析，提出了小城镇水污染防治与控制的手段和措施，指出了小城镇污水利用的途径与方向以及污水资源化对策。  相似文献   

Development of Software Reuse Technology in Industrial Control Software Area     

REN Guang sheng  YANG Ji dong  XU Wei xiao  LIU Fan yin 《保鲜与加工》2003,(6):18-21

This paper briefly introduces the contents and characteristics of the software reuse technology and industrial control software. The development of the software reuse technology in industrial control software area is discussed emphatically. Then the article brings forward a kind of thought that establishes standard element class library and develops the application program frame adapts to industrial control area. Namely, they are the establishment of the reuse of standard element class library based on the level of class library, the design of the reuse of the program frame based on the level of design, the amelioration of the reuse of the designing method based on the level of analysis. This thought improves on design method of industrial control software and is applied in the real-time monitoring system for the high-press water pump station.  相似文献