Development and evaluation of pyramiding lines carrying early or late heading QTLs in the indica rice cultivar ‘IR64’     

Toshiyuki Takai  Patrick Lumanglas  Daisuke Fujita  Kazuhiro Sasaki  Njato Michael Rakotoarisoa  Yasuhiro Tsujimoto  Nobuya Kobayashi  Eliza Vie Simon 《Breeding Science》2021,71(5):615

The heading date is an important trait for determining regional and climatic adaptability in rice. To expand the adaptability of the indica rice cultivar ‘IR64’, we pyramided multiple early or late heading quantitative trait locus (QTLs) in the ‘IR64’ genetic background by crossing previously developed near-isogenic lines (NILs) with a single QTL for early or late heading. The effects of pyramiding QTLs were observed in three different climatic zones of the Philippines, Madagascar, and Japan. The early heading pyramiding lines (PYLs) headed 6.2 to 12.8 days earlier than ‘IR64’ while the late heading PYLs headed 18.8 to 27.1 days later than ‘IR64’. The PYLs tended to produce low grain yield compared to ‘IR64’. The low yield was not improved by combining SPIKE, which is a QTL that increases the number of spikelets per panicle. Conversely, ‘IR64-PYL(7+10)’ carrying Hd5 and Hd1 headed earlier, produced more tillers, and more panicles per m² than ‘IR64’, and mitigated the yield decrease in early heading. These results suggest that the effects of pyramided QTLs on heading date were consistent across various environments and PYLs could be used to enhance the adaptation of ‘IR64’ in other rice growing environments.  相似文献   

皮南牛培育及新品种审定工作进展          下载免费PDF全文

刘晓  刘晓阳  张定安  王建钦  刘青山  梁爽  宋伟伟  黄永震 《中国牛业科学》2023,49(5):54-56

1986年以来,以南阳牛为母本,引进意大利皮埃蒙特牛为父本,通过杂交创新、横交固定、世代选育培育皮南牛(外血75%)。采用常规育种与全基因组选择选育相结合,实现了精准选育,提高了选择效率。培育的皮南牛屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积大等优点,已基本具备新品种申报条件。  相似文献   

南沙群岛西南陆架区刺鲳资源状况的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄梓荣  陈作志 《大连水产学院学报》2006,21(1):37-41

根据2003年对南沙群岛西南陆架区渔业资源春秋两季调查的最新资料,分析了该海域刺鲳Psenopsis anomala(Temm inck et Schlegel)的资源状况。结果表明:刺鲳的渔获率、资源密度和资源量分别为0.97 kg/h、10.73 kg/km2和928.69 t;渔获率有明显的季节变动,秋季高于春季;其密集分布于水深为81~90 m(春季)和91~100 m(秋季)处;春季其平均体重、平均体长和优势体长组均大于秋季,其现存资源量为原始资源量的55.85%。针对该海域刺鲳鱼种资源的过度开发和利用,作者提出了一些合理保护和利用该资源的措施。  相似文献   

EMS诱变水稻创制抗咪唑啉酮除草剂种质   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈天子  余月  凌溪铁  张保龙 《核农学报》2021,35(2):253-261

为了创制水稻非转基因抗除草剂种质,丰富我国水稻轻简化栽培杂草防治所需的配套种质资源,本研究以0.5％(w/v)甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)水溶液诱变水稻种子14 h,然后以咪唑啉酮类除草剂筛选3 ～4叶期的M2水稻幼苗.结果发现,M2幼苗茎叶喷雾160 mg·L-1甲咪唑烟酸15 d后,非抗性苗黄化、生长被抑制甚至枯死,抗性苗...  相似文献   

Trends in natural resource use and prospects for sustainable resource management in Kenya's Arid and Semiarid Lands     

M. B. K. Darkoh 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1990,2(3):177-190

This paper describes the environmental problems facing the development of Kenya's Arid and Semiarid lands (ASAL) today. The problems arise because of a rapidly declining resource base in the ASAL as a result of overexploitation and misuse, following basic land use conflicts. The extent of the overutilization or resource damage is not well known and varies a great deal from one agroecological zone to another and from resource to resource in the ASAL; those most affected include: soil, water, range, forest, livestock and wildlife. As a result of increased population growth in the ASAL, these resources are under stress. This paper argues that many of the environmental problems in the ASAL cannot be solved if the development programme does not address the needs of the people who live in the ASAL. There is a need to shift the objective of ASAL development from a preoccupation with economic growth and the idea that the ASAL should make a contribution to GNP through interregional trade and export to sustainable development that enables the communities in the ASAL to support themselves at as good a standard of living as possible. The last part of this paper outlines a strategy to promote such sustainable development.  相似文献   

节水灌溉的水稻干物质积累C-R模型研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘凤丽  彭世彰 《节水灌溉》2006,(6):1-3,6

介绍了水稻干物质模型的研究进展和Chapman-Richards模型的数学结构以及该模型在描述林木生长和不同生物种群生长过程中的应用,并根据国家“863”节水农业专项子课题现场试验资料,用Chapman-Richards模型模拟了水稻干物质积累过程。结果表明。用Chapman-Richards生长方程来模拟控灌水稻干物质积累过程中,Logistic模型拟合效果最好。并根据模型参数对水稻生长过程进行了分析。  相似文献   

不同基因型水稻在组织培养条件下对NaCl耐性的研究     

王萍  王罡  季静 《吉林农业大学学报》2006,28(6):601-605

以13个水稻基因型为材料,以愈伤组织生长状况、水稻种子在组织培养条件下的发芽率和苗高等为指标,研究了水稻对NaCl的耐受性。结果表明:水稻的不同基因型对NaCl的耐受性在这3个指标上均存在较大差异,在进行水稻遗传转化的筛选时,应注意到水稻不同基因型和受体类型对NaCl的耐受性。同时发现同一基因型的不同组织或发育时期对NaCl的耐受性具有相似性。  相似文献   

不同密度水稻抽穗后生理特性的研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

胡文河  王兴录  刘振库 《吉林农业大学学报》2006,28(6):594-596,605

稀植栽培的水稻,抽穗后田间表现为中下部光强明显增加,光合作用时间延长,硝酸还原酶和过氧化物酶活性降低,蛋白质含量增加50%以上,叶片衰老延缓,籽粒干物质积累加速,千粒重提高。  相似文献   

南方双季稻栽植机械化发展的影响因素和关键技术措施     

徐峰  刘德普  彭俊明  何林 《中国农机化学报》2023,44(2):1-7

深入分析双季稻对保障粮食安全的重要性,针对当前南方双季稻区机械化种植水平低、插秧机保有量少、手工直播趋势蔓延等栽植机械化发展现状,从茬口衔接、生育期、比较效益、技术难易、生产规模五个方面梳理制约南方双季稻栽植机械化发展的因素,通过综合测评和试验示范深入比较大钵体毯状苗机械化育秧、水稻机械化有序抛秧、水稻钵苗摆栽技术三种机械化栽植技术在缓解茬口矛盾、抵御自然灾害、农药减施、水稻增产等方面的优势,遴选出适宜南方双季稻机械化栽植技术模式。从技术推广、政策支持、社会化服务等方面提出相应的措施建议,通过因地制宜选定适用主推技术、完善全程机械化技术模式、提高水稻栽植机具保有量、完善育秧中心布局、提高育插秧作业服务能力等发展路径加快提升高南方双季稻栽植机械化水平,促进双季稻面积恢复。  相似文献   

库尔勒香梨砧木组织培养     

曾斌  李疆  张孝霖  张强  史兰花  郭玉成 《经济林研究》2006,24(2):41-43

试验选用库尔勒香梨矮化中间砧S系、F系中的品种嫩茎尖作为试验材料进行了离体增殖研究,结果表明,不同种类的基本培养基及不同浓度配比的植物生长调节剂对试管苗增殖的效果不同。M S培养基较A S、B5培养基更有利于矮化砧S系、F系茎的增殖,中等浓度的细胞分裂素(BA)与较低浓度的生长素(IBA)、赤霉素(GA3)配合使用效果更理想。综合茎质量、茎数量等指标认为:M S BA 1.0 m g/L IBA 0.05 m g/L GA31.0 m g/L是矮化砧S系、F系试管苗茎增殖的最佳培养基。  相似文献