休闲期覆膜与施氮量对旱地小麦水氮利用效率和籽粒产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭媛  高志强  孙敏  任爱霞  赵红梅  李光 《麦类作物学报》2014,34(10):1398-1405

为探寻旱地小麦休闲期覆盖下的适宜施氮量,在旱地小麦休闲期覆盖与不覆盖条件下,分别设置75、150和225kg·hm-2三个施氮量,分析了休闲期覆盖配施氮肥对旱地小麦水氮利用效率和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,休闲期覆盖显著提高播种至孕穗期0~300cm土壤蓄水量,其中播种期土壤水分增加70~81mm,其蓄水保墒效果可延续至孕穗期,进而提高了小麦产量和水分利用效率。休闲期覆盖促进了小麦植株对氮素的吸收和积累,增加了植株花前氮素转运量、花后氮素积累量以及籽粒氮素积累量,提高了氮素收获指数和氮素生产效率。休闲期覆盖配施氮素150kg·hm-2时,蓄水、增产和水分高效利用、氮素积累与转运的效果最好。  相似文献   

叶柄硝态氮含量与炸条型马铃薯块茎干物质含量的关系     

姜丽丽  王梓全  吴立萍  尤晗  金光辉 《中国马铃薯》2014,(5):281-285

以‘抗疫白’(Kennebec)为供试材料,设计6个氮肥梯度,通过田间小区试验,研究不同施氮量对马铃薯块茎干物质含量的影响,并测定植株叶柄的硝态氮含量,建立叶柄硝态氮含量与炸条型马铃薯块茎干物质含量函数模型。结果表明,马铃薯块茎干物质含量随着施氮量的增加表现为单峰曲线变化。对施氮量和马铃薯块茎干物质含量进行拟合二次函数方程,预测出‘抗疫白’在施氮量为122 kg/hm2时干物质含量达到了最大值20.6%。不同时期的叶柄硝态氮含量与块茎干物质含量相关性均达到了显著水平,并获得相对应的函数方程,计算得出获得最佳的干物质含量出苗第10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80和90 d叶柄硝态氮含量理论最佳值依次为2.45%,2.20%,2.06%,1.74%,1.51%,1.34%,1.08%,0.87%和0.66%,及叶柄硝态氮含量的最佳值与出苗后天数的拟合方程y=-0.02 x+2.3123,R2=0.9949。可以利用该拟合方程,指导田间氮肥施用,达到控制块茎干物质含量的目的。  相似文献   

Development ofNew InDel Marker to Detect Genotypes of Conferring Fertility Restoration of BT-Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility inRice简     

CHEN Tao  ZHANG Ya-dong  ZHU Zhen  ZHAO Ling  ZHAO Qing-yong  ZHOU Li-hui  YAO Shu  YU Xin  WANG Cai-lin 《水稻科学》2014,21(1):13-19

Restorer line breeding is an important approach to enhance the heterosis and improve the yields of japonica hybrid rice. To improve the selection efficiency of restorer lines for BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in japonica rice, a functional marker InDel-Rf-1a based on the difference of nucleotide sequence in Rf-1a locus between BT-type CMS lines and restorer lines was developed to detect the genotypes of different rice materials. Conventional indica rice varieties, restorer and maintainer lines without 574 bp deletion could restore the fertility for BT-type CMS in japonica rice. By contrast, most conventional japonica rice varieties except Aichi 106 and Yijing 12, with genotype of rf-1arf-1a showed the 574 bp deletion maintained sterility for BT-type CMS lines. To further verify the effect of genotyping detection in Rf-1a locus, this marker was also used to amplify the genomic DNA in different japonica rice restorer lines, CMS lines, hybrids and F₂ segregation population, and three genotypes in Rf-1a locus could be distinguished distinctly. Therefore, the marker InDel-Rf-1a could be widely used for genetic identification and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding japonica restorer lines.  相似文献   

QTL Mapping for Rice Hull Thickness and Related Traits in Hybrid RiceXieyou 9308简     

LUO Li-li  ZHANG Ying-xin  CHEN Dai-bo  ZHAN Xiao-deng  SHEN Xi-hong  CHENG Shi-hua  CAO Li-yong 《水稻科学》2014,21(1):29-38

We conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of 165 rice recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Zhonghui 9308 (Z9308) and Xieqingzao B (XB) in Hainan and Hangzhou, China. Grain thickness (GT), brown rice thickness (BRT), hull thickness (HT) and milling quality were used for QTL mapping. HT was significantly and positively correlated with GT and BRT. Twenty-nine QTLs were detected with phenotypic effects ranging from 2.80% to 21.27%. Six QTLs, qGT3, qBRT3, qBRT4, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11, were detected repeatedly across two environments. Inherited from XB, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11 showed stable expression, explaining 9.92%, 21.27% and 10.83% of the phenotypic variances in Hainan and 9.61%, 6.40% and 6.71% in Hangzhou, respectively. Additionally, the QTL cluster between RM5944 and RM5626 on chromosome 3 was probably responsible for GT and milling quality. The cluster between RM6992 and RM6473 on chromosome 4 played an important role in grain filling. Three near isogenic lines (NILs), X345, X338 and X389, were selected because they contained homozygous fragments from Zhonghui 9308, corresponding to qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11, respectively. The hull of XB was thicker than those of X345, X338 and X389. In all the lines, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11 that regulated rice HT were stably inherited with obvious genetic effects.  相似文献   

Effects of Low Light on Agronomic and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Including Grain Yield and Quality   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LIU Qi-hua Wu Xiu CHEN Bo-cong MA Jia-qing GAO Jie 《水稻科学》2014,21(5):243-251

Light intensity is one of the most important environmental factors that determine the basic characteristics of rice development. However, continuously cloudy weather or rainfall, especially during the grain-filling stage, induces a significant loss in yield and results in poor grain quality. Stress caused by low light often creates severe meteorological disasters in some rice-growing regions worldwide. This review was based on our previous research and related research regarding the effects of low light on rice growth, yield and quality as well as the formation of grain, and mainly reviewed the physiological metabolism of rice plants, including characteristics of photosynthesis, activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves and key enzymes involved in starch synthesis in grains, as well as the translocations of carbohydrate and nitrogen. These characteristics include various grain yield and rice quality components （milling and appearance as well as cooking, eating and nutritional qualities） under different rates of shading imposed at the vegetative or reproductive stages of rice plants. Furthermore, we discussed why grain yield and quality are reduced under the low light environment. Next, we summarized the need for future research that emphasizes methods can effectively improve rice grain yield and quality under low light stress. These research findings can provide a beneficial reference for rice cultivation management and breeding program in low light environments.  相似文献   

Allele Types of Rc Gene of Weedy Rice from Jiangsu Province,China     

Ll Xiao-yan QIANG Sheng SONG Xiao-ling CAI Kun SUN Yi-na SHI Zhi-hua DAI Wei-min 《水稻科学》2014,21(5):252-261

Weedy rice(Oryza sativa f. spontanea), the predominant type of which has a red pericarp, seriously inhibits growth and yield of direct-seeded rice in Jiangsu Province, China. In this study, we randomly selected 10 weedy rice accessions from 10 plots in Jiangsu, and then sequenced the full lengths of their Rc genes(approximately 6.4 kb). In addition, we collected 166 different full-length Rc genes in the Oryza genus from the literature and from GenBank. A collinearity sequence analysis showed that the 10 weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu all had the same wild-type allele of the Rc gene. Single nucleotide polymorphisms indicated that the nucleotide polymorphisms(π = 0.19) and the proportion of segregation sites(θw = 0.28) of the Rc genes in the 10 weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu were higher than those in 56 weedy rice accessions from USA(π = 0.09 and θw = 0.07). Haplotype and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Rc genes of weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu were not revertants of the rc gene found in Asian cultivated rice(O. sativa) varieties with white pericarp. In addition, Rc gene sequences of the rice varieties Lvdao from Lianyungang, Jiangsu and Tangdao from Anhui were more similar to those of cultivated rice than to the weedy rice from Jiangsu. These findings support the continued quarantine of weedy rice and clarify the evolutionary mechanism of the red pericarp found in the weedy rice of Jiangsu.  相似文献   

不同粳稻品种(系)机插稻生态适应性生产力试验报告     

宋宏梅  闵思桂  王志浩  张熙  王企銮  高汝霞 《北方水稻》2014,44(5):11-14

选择参加2012年与2013年江苏省生产试验的粳稻品系,进行机插稻生态适应性生产力试验,分析不同品种生长特性、综合性状等,结果表明:南粳9108、武运粳24、淮稻14号、盐丰2号产量及综合性状优良,较适合高邮地区种植。  相似文献   

寒地早熟理想株型超级稻龙粳31的创新实践   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘传雪  潘国君  张献国 《北方水稻》2014,(3):1-3

本文介绍了黑龙江省超级稻育种的特殊性、寒地超级稻的实践成果,根据实际条件提出了黑龙江省优质超级稻育种目标,总结了寒地超级稻理想株型与配套栽培技术,对创新实践成果龙粳31的选育、栽培、生育特性及推广进行了详尽分析与论述,为寒地水稻的创新实践提供了有价值的参考。  相似文献   

施氮量和密度对盐碱滩涂水稻产量和品质的影响     

董士琦  葛佳琳  韦还和  陈英龙  侯红燕  董晓亮  张茂林  戴其根 《核农学报》2022,36(4):820-828

为明确施氮量和密度互作对盐碱滩涂水稻产量和品质形成特征的影响,以淮稻5号为试验材料, 设置6个施氮量处理:N0(0 kg·hm^-2)、N210(210 kg·hm^-2)、N255(255 kg·hm^-2)、N300(300 kg·hm^-2)、N345(345 kg·hm^-2)、N390(390 kg·hm^-2),2个移栽密度处理:D1(33.4 万穴·hm^-2,12 cm×25 cm)、D2(27.8 万穴·hm^-2,12 cm×30 cm),测定了水稻产量及品质形成的相关因素。结果表明,随施氮量增加,单位面积穗数和每穗粒数呈先上升后下降的趋势,以N300处理最高;结实率和千粒重呈下降趋势。不同密度间比较,高密度处理的穗数和千粒重高于低密度处理,每穗粒数和结实率呈相反趋势。施氮量与移栽密度组合中,以N300D1处理的产量最高,达7 978.83 kg·hm^-2。施氮量的增加提高了稻米的加工品质与营养品质,同时降低了外观品质与蒸煮食味品质。移栽密度的增加提高了稻米的营养品质,但降低了加工品质、外观品质和蒸煮食味品质。综合分析认为,施氮量300 kg·hm^-2和移栽密度33.4万穴·hm^-2, 是盐碱滩涂水稻获得高产优质的栽培措施。本研究结果为盐碱滩涂水稻的高产优质栽培提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

云南软香型籼稻品种滇屯502的复壮研究     

顾雪  高亮  杨米  方思杨  寸元红  蔡羽  普世皇  文建成 《核农学报》2022,36(4):698-705

软香型品种滇屯502是云南特色优质米生产的当家品种,30余年生产应用种性退化严重,在无病虫害防治条件下,其稻瘟病发病率为100%,产量减少41.9%。为了对该品种进行复壮,采用单穗选择、株系比较、品系鉴定的方法,紧扣稻瘟病抗性、香味和软米几个重要而典型的性状,开展滇屯502复壮相关研究。结果表明,在2.67万株滇屯502群体中筛选出3个复壮品系,入选率为0.01%。这3个品系表型和食味品质与滇屯502相似,但产量和稻瘟病抗性较滇屯502分别至少提高41.1%和58.3%。利用复壮品系混系繁殖形成的复壮滇屯502,较原种滇屯502的生产力得到明显提高。本研究结果可为云南软香常规稻品种复壮提供技术和经验指导。  相似文献