Effects of changing temperature on benthic marine life in Britain and Ireland     

Keith Hiscock  Alan Southward  Ian Tittley  Stephen Hawkins 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2004,14(4):333-362

• 1. The coastal waters surrounding Britain and Ireland became warmer during the 20th century and, according to the UK Climate Impact Programme 2002 scenarios of change and other sources, average annual seawater temperatures may rise a further 2°C or more by the 2050s. This warming is part of a global rise in sea‐ and air‐surface temperatures that will cause changes in the distribution and abundance of species.
• 2. Initially, there will not be a wholesale movement northwards of southern species or retreat northwards of northern species, because many additional factors will influence the responses of the different organisms. Such factors include the hydrodynamic characteristics of water masses, the presence of hydrographical and geographical barriers to spread and the life history characteristics (reproductive mode, dispersal capability and longevity) of species. Survey data over the past century show how organisms react to changes of the order of 0.5°C, and in the last two decades, when sea temperatures have risen by as much as 1°C, there have been significant local changes in the distribution of intertidal organisms. These past changes provide a clue to more extensive changes expected in the future if global warming develops as predicted.
• 3. Where species affected by climate change are dominant or key structural or functional species in biotopes, there may be a change in the extent and distribution of those biotopes. Some, dominated by predominantly northern species such as the horse mussel Modiolus modiolus, may decline and reduce their value as rich habitats for marine life. Others, characterized by southern species, for example the sea fan Eunicella verrucosa and the alcyonacean Alcyonium glomeratum, may increase in extent.
• 4. Using information on the life history characteristics of species, their present distribution and other factors, a key supported by a decision tree has been constructed to identify ‘types’ of organism according to their likely response to temperature rise. Conspicuous and easily identified rocky substratum species are good candidates to track change. Using the key, many species are shown as likely to increase their range northwards significantly. In contrast, fewer will decline in abundance and extent in the north. If, as anticipated, global warming continues, then species with distributions already accurately mapped, or being mapped at present, will provide baseline data to test forecasts.

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seasonal changes in circulating growth hormone (GH), hepatic GH-binding and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I immunoreactivity in a marine fish,gilthead sea bream,Sparus aurata     

J. Pérez-Sánchez  H. Marti-Palanca  P-Y. Le Bail 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(3):199-208

We have studied the seasonal relationship between growth and circulating growth hormone (GH), hepatic GH-binding and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I immunoreactivity in gilthead sea bream,Sparus aurata. The seasonal increase in plasma GH levels preceded by several weeks the summer increase in growth rates. In contrast, a marked increase in hepatic GH-binding with a high degree of endogenous GH occupancy was found during the period of maximum growth which suggests an enhanced sensitivity of liver to GH action. Thus, circulating levels of immunoreactive IGF-I, probably derived from the liver in response to GH action, were positively correlated with growth throughout the experimental period although a consistent relationship between growth and circulating GH was not found. In spite of this, we consider that, in gilthead sea bream, as in several other teleosts, the availability of endogenous GH can limit growth. Thus, under environmental conditions of suboptimal growth, a single intraperitoneal injection of recombinant rainbow trout GH (rtGH) induced over the dose range tested (0.75, 1.5, 3 μg g BW⁻¹) an increase in plasma IGF-I-like immunoreactivity comparable to that seen during the period of maximum growth.  相似文献   

Grow-out of sandfish Holothuria scabra in ponds shows that co-culture with shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris is not viable     

Johann D. Bell  Natacha N. Agudo  Pascal Blazer  Dominique Pham 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,273(4):509-519

We examined the potential for producing the large numbers of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) needed for restocking programmes by co-culturing juveniles with the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris in earthen ponds. Our experiments in hapas within shrimp ponds were designed to detect any deleterious effects of sandfish on shrimp, and vice versa. These experiments showed that a high stocking density of juvenile sandfish had no significant effects on growth and survival of shrimp. However, survival and growth of sandfish reared with shrimp for 3 weeks were significantly lower than for sandfish reared alone. Increased stocking density of shrimp also had a significant negative effect on survival and/or growth of sandfish. A grow-out trial of juvenile sandfish in 0.2-ha earthen ponds stocked with 20 shrimp post-larvae m^− 2, and densities of sandfish between 0.8 and 1.6 individuals m^− 2, confirmed that co-culture is not viable. All sandfish reared in co-culture were dead or moribund after a month. However, sandfish stocked alone into 0.2-ha earthen ponds survived well and grew to mean weights of ∼ 400 g within 12 months without addition of food. The grow-out trial demonstrated that there is potential for profitable pond farming of sandfish in monoculture. Further research is now needed to identify the optimal size of juveniles, stocking densities and pond management regimes.  相似文献   

Immune response of sea bass <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dicentrarchus labrax</Emphasis> to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tenacibaculum maritimum</Emphasis> antigens     

Fulvio?SalatiEmail author  Carla?Cubadda  Iolanda?Viale  Riichi?Kusuda 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(3):563-567

ABSTRACT:   Seawater fishes are affected by a pathology commonly called 'myxobacteriosis', caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus ). The disease is characterized by fin erosion and necrotic ulcers of skin and muscle, and by low but constant mortality in cultured marine fish; in Italy is one of the most important and widely spread diseases affecting sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax , gilthead seabream Sparus aurata , sharp-snouted bream Diplodus puntazzo , white bream Diplodus sargus , and six-tooted bream Dentex dentex . In order to obtain an effective vaccine against the disease, formalin killed cells (FKC), extracellular products (ECPs) and crude lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations were obtained from the T. maritimum strain SPVId and injected intraperitoneally twice into the sea bass. The fish immune response to the preparations was studied: agglutinating antibody titer and in vitro phagocytosis were determined after the first and second injection in order to evaluate whether the preparations are immunogenic or not and if the booster effect took place. The results show that FKC and LPS preparations increased the antibody titer after the first injection when compared to the control sea bass. Moreover, all the preparations stimulated a secondary (booster) response. In vitro phagocytosis of the total blood was significantly higher for all the preparations when compared to the controls, but the crude LPS immunized sea bass showed the highest activity.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ochroconis humicola</Emphasis> infection in red sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagrus major</Emphasis> and marbled rockfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sebastiscus marmoratus</Emphasis> cultured in Japan   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shinpei?WadaEmail author  Chutima?Hanjavanit  Osamu?Kurata  Kishio?Hatai 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(3):682-684

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Fishing gear effects and ecology of the sea whip (Halipteris willemoesi (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea)) in British Columbia,Canada: preliminary observations     

Peter M. Troffe  Colin D. Levings  G. E. Piercey  Victor Keong 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2005,15(5):523-533

• 1. We conducted a preliminary study of the effects of a shrimp beam trawl and prawn traps on sea whips (Halipteris willemoesi (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea)) at two bays on Clio Channel, south central coast of British Columbia, Canada. Video and grabs surveys were conducted to estimate abundance and make observations on sea whips and their habitat.
• 2. No adult sea whips were caught in six beam trawls. In 600 prawn (Pandalus platyceros) trap sets at Turnour Bay, 30 sea whips were found entangled in the gear and of these 50% of the colonies were damaged. The length of broken sea whips ranged from 0.09 to 1.03 m. At Turnour Bay, the density of adults observed in video surveys ranged from 7.1 to 14.3 m^?2. Juvenile density in grab samples ranged from 53 to 123 m^?2 and a few adults were also caught. The lengths of intact adult sea whips caught in traps and grabs ranged from 0.20 to 1.98 m and juveniles from 0.3 to 0.7 cm.
• 3. Fewer adult sea whips (<0.1 m^?2) were seen in Bones Bay, where sediments were muddier (grain size <0.25 mm: 84.6 to 97.2%) relative to Turnour Bay (grain size <0.25 mm: 71.4 to 85.9%). Bottom water characteristics at the two bays were similar. Seasonal temperature range was 7.5–8.4°C, salinity 30.63–31.49 psu, and dissolved oxygen 2.76–5.97 mg L^?1. Differences in sediment characteristics and food availability may have been a factor influencing differences in abundance of sea whips between the two bays.
• 4. Further data are needed to investigate the effects of trawling and trapping on sea whips, as sample sizes were small in the present study and only two gear types were evaluated. Studies of effects of otter trawling and heavier traps, such as those used for Dungeness crab (Cancer magister), are warranted.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Dietary spermine supplementation induces intestinal maturation in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae     

A. Péres  C.L. Cahu  J.L. Zambonino Infante 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,16(6):479-485

Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae were fed microparticulated compound diet containing 0 (FP0), 0.10 (FP10) and 0.33% (FP33) of a polyamine, spermine, from day 20 to day 38. LP group was fed live prey. This group exhibited the highest growth and survival. The addition of spermine did not lead to growth enhancement. A 33% survival improvement was obtained in FP33 group compared to FP0 group. The spermine addition affected the activity of pancreatic enzymes, trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase, during larvae development. This non specific effect suggested that the action of spermine would be mediated by hormones. In the intestine, the FP33 group exhibited from day 31 higher activities of brush border membrane enzymes (leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase) and lower level in a cytosolic enzyme (leucine-alanine peptidase) compared to FP10 and FP0 group. The diet containing the highest spermine level induced an enzymatic profile similar to that obtained in LP group and characteristic of a mature enterocyte. The initiation of enterocyte maturation at a proper development stage was associated to the survival improvement observed in FP33 group.  相似文献   

Validity of data filtering technique for the behavior analysis of crab in neritic and closed sea by ultrasonic biotelemetry     

Yoshinori Miyamoto  Keiichi Uchida  Reiko Orii  Toshiharu Kakihara  Masahiko Furusawa 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(1):211-213

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影响刺参幼参成活和生长的几个因素的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

孙慧玲 《水产学报》1988,12(3):259-265

在刺参人工育苗过程中，从稚参到幼参阶段极易受外界综合因子影响，成活率很低。本文采用数理统计的方法，选择四种因子对此阶段死亡率进行试验。从方差和直观分析看到稚参的附着密度和饵料品种对其成活率和生长的影响大于水温和换水方式。稚参附着密度以0．2头／cm^2为最佳，0．5头／cm^2次之；饵料以鼠尾藻磨碎液为最佳，其次是鼠尾藻液和叉鞭金藻的混合液．  相似文献   

三亚近岸海域水体的水质状况分析和评价     

李由明  ;王平  ;李义军  ;李晓梅  ;陈敏  ;陈厚收  ;郭争艳 《畜牧与饲料科学》2014,(7):3-7

近年来三亚水产养殖业和滨海旅游业发展迅速,给三亚近岸水体的水质带来了影响。于2013年1-4月对濒临三亚市区的三亚湾和远离市区的亚龙湾水体中的pH值、溶解氧、磷酸盐、亚硝酸盐、总磷、化学需氧量进行了测定。结果表明,三亚湾水体中的磷酸盐、亚硝酸盐、总磷和化学需氧量的含量均高于亚龙湾,且个别月份间呈显著性差异（P〈0.05）和极显著性差异（P〈0.01）;对水体中pH值和溶解氧的测定表明,2处海湾水体符合国家Ⅰ～Ⅱ类海水水质标准;三亚湾和亚龙湾水体中的磷酸盐浓度分别为0.0152～0.0189 mg/L和0.0082～0.0143 mg/L,分别符合国家Ⅱ～Ⅲ类和Ⅰ类海水水质标准;化学需氧量含量分别为0.528～0.899 mg/L和0.533～1.013 mg/L,均符合国家Ⅰ类海水水质标准。亚龙湾水体水质优于三亚湾,且前者多数海域水体符合国家Ⅰ类海水水质标准;后者多数海域符合国家Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水质标准,少数符合国家Ⅰ类水质标准。  相似文献