异粒包膜控释肥料氮素释放特性的研究     

廖照源  樊小林  郑祥洲 《植物营养与肥料学报》2010,16(1):203-207

按照商品控释肥料的核芯肥料之粒级进行混配,利用底喷流化包膜技术制造出异粒包膜控释肥。通过静水培养试验,分别测得不同粒径控释肥料0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、14、21、28、56 d的氮素释放率,探讨粒径对氮素释放率、膜芯比等的影响。结果表明,随着粒径增加,氮素释放率明显降低,培养1 d,2～3、3～4、4～5 mm粒径控释肥料的氮素释放率依次为26.9%、4.45%、1.26%; 2～3 mm粒径的控释肥料的控释期只有4 d,3～4 mm为28 d,4～5 mm的大于56 d。培养过程,即控释肥料氮素释放过程,前期释放的氮素主要来自3 mm粒径的控释肥料。粒径大小对膜芯比有极显著的影响,膜芯比随着粒径的增加而增加。2～3 mm粒径控释肥料膜芯比比预设的降低15.58%,3～4 mm的降低了4.29%; 而4～5 mm的膜芯比则比设计的增加了5.65％。因此要保证控释肥料产品的质量,核芯肥料的粒级是必须控制的重要因素之一。  相似文献   

Effect of lithological substrate on microbial biomass and enzyme activity in brown soil profiles in the northern Apennines (Italy)     

S. Marinari  L. Vittori Antisari 《Pedobiologia》2010,53(5):313-320

The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial activity along forest brown soil profiles sequence developed on different lithological substrates (carbonate or non-carbonated cement in sandstone formations) at different altitudes. The main question posed was: does carbonate affect the biochemical activity of brown soil profiles at different altitudes? For the purpose of this study, four soil profiles with different amounts and compositions of SOM developed on different lithological substrates were selected: two with carbonate (MB and MZ) and the other two with non-carbonated cement in the sandstone formations (MF1 and MF2). Chemical and biochemical properties of soil were analysed along soil profiles in order to assess the SOM quantity and quality, namely total organic C (C_org), water extractable organic C (WEOC) and humification indices (HI, DH, HR). Microbial biomass (C_mic and N_mic) content, as well as the specific activities of acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase and chitinase enzymes were chosen as indicators of biochemical activity. The soil biochemical properties provided evidence of better conditions for microorganisms in MB than in MF1, MF2 and MZ soil profiles, since patterns of microbial biomass content and activity might be expected in response to the amount and quality of organic substances. The different lithological substrates did not show any clear effect on soil microbial biomass content, since similar values were obtained in MF1, MF2 (with non-carbonated cement) and MZ (with carbonate). However, the specific activities of acid phosphatase (per unit of C_org and per unit of C_mic) were higher in soils with no carbonate (MF1 and MF2) than in soils with carbonate (MB and MZ). In conclusion, the biochemical activity along brown soil profiles was mainly regulated by different soil organic matter content and quality, while the two different lithological substrates (with carbonate or non-carbonated cement in the sandstone formations) did not show any direct effect on microbial biomass and its activity. However, the activity of acid phosphatase per unit of C was particularly enhanced in soil with non-carbonate cement in the sandstone formations.  相似文献   

Efficacy of Sarafloxacin Hydrochloride in Treating Naturally-Induced Edwardsiella ictaluri Infections in Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus     

《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1-2):1-10

Sarafin (sarafloxacin hydrochloride), a new antibacterial, was evaluated in the field on a naturally induced infection of Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish, -Ictalurus punctatus. Healthy channel catfish (mean weight = 50 g) were stocked into nine cages at 200 fish per cage in a pond with an undergoing E. ictaluri infection. Seven days after stocking, dead fish were observed in the cages with clinical signs of enteric septicemia of channel catfish (ESC). After E. ictaluri was confirmed through isolative biochemical tests, medicated feed was applied for five consecutive days. During this period, fish in three control cages received a commercial 32% protein floating feed, three other cages of fish served as positive controls and were fed Romet, and three cages received the test feed with Sarafin. Both medicated feeds reduced the increase in cumulative percent mortality. In the control cages, cumulative percent mortalities continued to increase throughout the study period. Average daily mortality rates were significantly lower following both treatments of medicated feed, and treatments receiving Sarafin showed the greatest reduction in average daily mortality rates. Average daily mortality rates in the control did not change after the medicated feeding period. Toward the end of the study, temperatures reached 30°C, above the active range of ESC infections, and all mortalities ceased.  相似文献   

代料栽培糙皮侧耳配方与品种筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石文权  杜艳  刘民强  许爽  张涛  吕飞 《食用菌学报》2012,(2):50-54

以玉米秆、玉米芯、麦草等为主要原料进行7个配方10个糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)品种筛选试验,以袋出菇产量进行评价,结果表明:最佳配方依次为B2(棉籽壳40%+木屑20%+玉米秆30%)、B3(棉籽壳21%+木屑9%+玉米秆60%)、B6(玉米芯90%)、B7(麦草90%)、B5(木屑30%+玉米秆60%)、B4(玉米秆90%);以生物学效率进行评价,首选配方为B3,次之为B4、B7、B6、B2、B5。供试菌种产量排序结果表明:A10(5902)高产性状明显,次之为A2(新8)、A1(农平10号)、A9(优88)和A8(新科170);综合产量和生物形态学表现,秸秆代料栽培适宜品种为A10、A2、A1、A9、A5(黑平王)、和A7(原生2号),其中,玉米秆配方(B4、B3、B2)适宜栽培品种为A10、A2、A9、A1,玉米芯配方(B6)适宜品种为A10、A5和A7;麦草配方B7适宜品种为A10、A6(黑优抗)、A2和A1。最佳秸秆配方与品种组合为:(A10-B2)、(A10-B3)和(A2-B2)。  相似文献   

植物收割对人工湿地基质酶活性的影响     

曾梦兆  李谷  吴恢碧  陶玲  姚雁鸿 《淡水渔业》2008,38(2):51-53,45

研究了7月份植物收割对人工湿地基质磷酸酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、脱氢酶活性及养殖废水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、COD去除率的影响。结果显示:植物收割后磷酸酶、脲酶、蛋白酶活性开始增高,分别于第20天(13.7 mg/100 g)、第16天(1.9 mg/100 g)、第12天(61.7 mg/100 g)达到最大值,均于第28天(10.1 mg/100 g、1.1 mg/100 g、43.2 mg/100 g)恢复到收割前水平。脱氢酶活性在植物收割后第4天(142.3μL/100 g)降到最小值,此后开始增高,第16天(249.5μL/100 g)达到最大值,于第24天(195.6μL/100 g)恢复到收割前水平。净化效果研究表明,植物收割后TP、TN去除率开始增高,分别在植物收割后第20天(75.1%)、16天(60.6%)达到最大值,均于第28天(51.1%、34.1%)恢复到收割前水平。COD去除率在收割后第4天(25.3%)降到最小值,此后开始增高,第16天(70.2%)达到最高值,第24天(46.5%)恢复到收割前水平。  相似文献   

象草木屑混合栽培优质花菇试验初报   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

周华光  李建春 《福建林业科技》1999,26(1):52-55

采用象草和杂木屑混合栽培花菇生产技术，在培养基中添加２５％、４１．５％、５８．４５％象草进行了一系列栽培试验，结果表明，培养料中加２５％～３５％象草粉进行香菇栽培，同样能够生产出优质、高产花菇。  相似文献   

Biochemical indices (RNA/DNA ratio and protein content) in studying the nutritional status of Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus 1758) juveniles     

Salem Fathallah  Mohamed Néjib Medhioub  Amel Medhioub  Hamadi Boussetta 《Aquaculture Research》2010,42(1):139-146

In this work, we investigated the nutritional status of Ruditapes decussatus juveniles under different rearing conditions, using biochemical indices (RNA/DNA ratio and protein content) and the linear instantaneous growth rate (IGR). Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of starvation, addition of substrate (sand) as rearing support and diet composition on somatic growth and biochemical indices. Results show that biochemical indices of fed juveniles were significantly (P<0.05) higher. Highest RNA/DNA values and protein content were recorded in fed juveniles reared with substrate (P<0.05); conversely, lowest values were recorded in starved ones reared without substrate. In the second experiment, the highest RNA/DNA ratio was recorded in juveniles fed with control algal mixture composed of species commonly used in bivalve nurseries [Isochrysis galbana (clone T-Iso), Chaetoceros calcitrans and Tetraselmis suecica] and lowest in those fed with algal species isolated from Tunisian coasts. This confirms the usefulness of the RNA/DNA ratio and protein content in the clam's nutritional status evaluation. This assay is useful to provide information about the nutritional status and health of the clam in field conditions.  相似文献   

Habitat characteristics at bluegill spawning colonies in a South Dakota glacial lake     

N. J. C. Gosch  Q. E. Phelps  D. W. Willis 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(4):464-469

Abstract –  Bluegill ( Lepomis macrochirus ) primarily reproduce in spawning colonies. We assessed habitat characteristics at 15 bluegill spawning colonies in a South Dakota glacial lake. Nesting sites were visually identified and angling was used to verify the species of nesting fish. Habitat characteristics were measured at each nesting site and compared with those measured at 75 randomly selected sites. In Lake Cochrane, mean water depth of spawning colonies was 1.0 m. Of the 13 habitat characteristics measured, four (substrate type, substrate firmness, vegetation density and dissolved oxygen levels) were significantly different ( P  ≤ 0.05) between nesting and random sites. Every bluegill nest site contained gravel substrate, despite the availability of muck, sand and rock. Substrate firmness was indexed at 0-cm penetration and vegetation density was low at all nesting sites. Additionally, bluegills selected nesting locations with relatively moderate dissolved oxygen levels. Lake Cochrane bluegill nest sites consisted of shallow, gravel areas with short, low-density, live submergent Chara vegetation.  相似文献   

小白菜潮汐式栽培专用基质的筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周晓平  刘静波  刘庆叶  杨巍  徐明喜  王蓓  甘小虎  章鸥  王东升 《长江蔬菜》2015,(20):54-56

对3种不同栽培基质和常规栽培基质（市场销售）在潮汐式灌溉模式下进行小白菜栽培试验,比较小白菜的植物学性状,筛选出适用于潮汐式灌溉的小白菜专用型栽培基质。研究结果表明,处理2（40%茶渣蚓粪、20%泥炭、20%蛭石、20%珍珠岩）培育的小白菜株高、生物量、株幅、SPAD 值均显著优于其他处理,栽培效果显著提高,可推荐作为潮汐式灌溉小白菜栽培的专用型基质。  相似文献   

蘑菇低温气调保鲜的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王则金  林启训  谢雯君  冯定智  童金华  张云  张彩珍  胡亮 《中国农学通报》2004,20(4):66-66

采用正交实验方法，探讨了NaCl浓度、护色时间及控制贮藏环境温度等3个因素对蘑菇子实体的开伞率、PPO酶活变化量及ADF质量分数的影响。结果表明，蘑菇经适当处理，可有效抑制其开伞和品质变化。采用均匀试验设计回归分析程序对实验结果进行拟合，得到以蘑菇开伞率、PPO酶活变化及ADF质量分数为因变量，3个因素的水平编码号为自变量的回归方程估计值与实测值吻合。相对于单纯低温保鲜，采用低温气调保鲜的蘑菇，其品质和理化指标更为理想。  相似文献