农作物秸秆的青贮和高温堆肥利用进展   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

郭建国  刘永刚  吕和平  张海英  姜小凤  宋尚有 《甘肃农业科技》2008,(4):31-35

综述了我国作物秸秆的青贮技术和高温堆肥技术的原理和影响因素,并提出存在问题和发展方向。  相似文献   

Estimation of paddy water productivity (WP) using hydrological model: an experimental study   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

S. Govindarajan  N. K. Ambujam  K. Karunakaran 《Paddy and Water Environment》2008,6(3):327-339

Water productivity (WP) expresses the value or benefit derived from the use of water. A profound water productivity analysis was carried out at experimental field at Field laboratory, Centre for Water Resources, Anna University, India, for rice crop under different water regimes such as flooded (FL), alternative wet and dry (AWD) and saturated soil culture (SSC). The hydrological model soil-water-atmospheric-plant (SWAP), including detailed crop growth, i.e, WOFOST (World Food Studies) model was used to determine the required hydrological variables such as transpiration, evapotranspiration and percolation, and bio-physical variables such as dry matter and grain yield. The observed values of crop growth from the experiment were used for the calibration of crop growth model WOFOST. The water productivity values are determined using SWAP and SWAP–WOFOST. The four water productivity indicators using grain yield were determined, such as water productivity of transpiration (WP_T), evapotranspiration (WP_ET), percolation plus evapotranspiration (WP_ET+Q) and irrigation plus effective rainfall (WP_I+ER). The highest value of water productivity was observed from the flooded treatment and lowest value from the saturated soil culture in WP_T and WP_ET. This study, reveals that deep groundwater level and high temperature reduces the crop yield and water productivity significantly in the AWD and SSC treatment. This study reveals that in paddy fields 66% inflow water is recharging the groundwater. There is good agreement between SWAP and SWAP–WOFOST water productivity indicators.  相似文献   

Dynamic patterns of components of genotype × environment interaction for pod yield of peanut over multiple years: A simulation approach     

N. Phakamas  A. Patanothai  K. Pannangpetch  S. Jogloy  Gerrit Hoogenboom 《Field Crops Research》2008

The relative importance of the genotype × year (G × Y), genotype × location (G × L) and genotype × location × year (G × L × Y) interactions has significant implications on the testing strategy of crop breeding lines. The goal of this study was to examine the dynamic patterns of these three interactions for pod yield of peanut using a crop simulation model. Pod yields of 17 peanut lines in the early-rainy, mid-rainy and dry seasons at 112 locations covering all peanut production areas in Thailand were simulated for 30 years (1972–2002) with the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CROPGRO-Peanut. Combined analyses of variance were preformed for individual seasons and for overall seasons, with the number of year incrementally increasing from 2 to 30, and the relative contributions of the individual sources of variation were determined. This procedure was repeated four times with different starting years. The results showed that the environmental effects accounted for the major proportion of the total yield variation, followed by the genotype effects, while the genotype × environment (G × E) effects were rather small. The contributions of the individual sources changed as the number of years in the analysis changed. Increasing number of years in the analyses resulted in an increase in the magnitude of the G × Y and G × L × Y interactions, but a decline in the G × L contribution. The contributions of the G × Y and G × L interactions were greater and more fluctuated in the dry season, while those of the G × L × Y interactions were greater in the mid-rainy season. Notable increases in the G × Y interaction in the dry season were observed in certain years. The decline in the G × L interaction with increasing number of years was closely associated with the increase in the G × L × Y interaction, and both became stable when 6 or more years were included. Several cross-over in the ranks of peanut lines for mean pod yield in two contrasting years were also observed for the mid-rainy season. These results raise a question on the effectiveness of the strategy for using locations to replace years in varietal testing that is normally employed by breeders. The practical limit of multi-year evaluation of crop breeding lines could be overcome by the use of a crop simulation model.  相似文献   

Leaf area index simulation in soybean grown under near-optimal conditions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T.D. Setiyono  A. Weiss  J.E. Specht  K.G. Cassman  A. Dobermann   《Field Crops Research》2008,108(1):82-92

Different approaches have been used to simulate leaf area index (LAI) in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr). Many of these approaches require genotype-specific calibration procedures. Studies modeling LAI dynamics under optimal growth conditions with yields close to the yield potential of soybean have remained scarce. A sink-driven approach was developed and evaluated for LAI simulation in soybean under near-optimal environments. The rate of change in expanding leaf area was simulated using the first derivative of a logistic function accounting for plant population density, air temperature, and water deficit. The rate of change in senescing leaf area was also simulated using the first derivative of a logistic function, assuming monocarpic senescence that began at the flowering stage (R1). Phenology was simulated as a function of temperature and photoperiod. Data for model development and evaluation were obtained from irrigated field experiments conducted at two locations in Nebraska, where agronomic management was optimized to achieve growth at a near yield potential level. LAI simulation with the proposed model had average RMSE of 0.52 m² m⁻² for independent data at the two locations. The proposed model has minimum input requirements. Interactions between leaf growth and source-driven processes can be incorporated in the future, while maintaining the basic physiological assumptions underlining leaf expansion and senescence.  相似文献   

基于知识模型的作物适应性评价专家系统设计   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈长青  周治国  曹卫星 《中国农学通报》2004,20(6):312-312

系统引入了知识模型概念,建立了以知识模型为特征的知识系统,将知识工程、数据库有机结合,采用正向与反向相结合的推理控制策略,建立了基于知识模型的作物适应性评价专家系统,实现了作物适应性评价的计算机辅助决策,具有较强的跟踪解释能力。用本系统对江苏省地区小麦适应性还进行了实例分析。  相似文献   

作物超高产栽培与株型育种的光合作用基础——-以水稻为例   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王建林  徐正进  冯永祥等 《中国农学通报》2004,20(5):130-130

粮食安全问题是中国乃至世界未来面临的重要问题。提高作物的光合作用对解决粮食安全保障具有重要意义。作物叶片利用光能的能力受外界环境的影响,同时群体对小环境的影响反过来又影响叶片的光合作用。本文以水稻为例从栽培和株型育种两个方面讨论了优化群体结构、实现作物超高产的途径。  相似文献   

山西省粮食产量及粮食作物结构变化趋势的相关分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张建平 《中国农学通报》2006,22(12):516-516

根据山西省50多年来粮食生产的相关调查与统计资料,运用静态分析与动态分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法对山西省粮食产量和作物结构的变化趋势及影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：1949年以来山西省粮食总产与单产在波动中呈增长趋势;粮食作物结构也发生了很大变化。粮食总产的提高主要归功于粮食单产的增加,其中玉米单产的增加对粮食平均单产的提高作用最大,其次是小麦。并提出如下建议：依靠改善农业生产条件和提高农业科技水平增加粮食单产;稳定小麦播种面积,满足人们对小麦口粮消费的需求;玉米作为粮食和饲料兼用的高产高效作物,今后的种植面积应进一步扩大。  相似文献   

沟叶结缕草定量灌溉方法   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李存焕 《草地学报》2002,10(2):97-99

以沟叶结缕草为例,推荐一种有效定量灌水方法。根据草坪质量与土壤含水量、土壤水势的相关性及作物系数、蒸发量等参数,准确计量其灌水时间、灌水量和灌水频率。  相似文献   

植物系统获得抗病性及其在控制农作物病害中的应用前景   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘峰 慕卫何茂华  毕艳红刘学涛 《中国农学通报》2003,19(1):94-94

本文从系统获得抗病性的特征、商品化抗病诱导剂及获得抗病性在未来农作物病害防治中的应用前景等方面对植物诱导抗病性进行了阐述。  相似文献   

辽西地区垄作和平作保护性耕作方式比较研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张雯等 《中国农学通报》2005,21(7):175-175

比较了平作和垄作下不同保护性耕作方式对土壤水分、温度和作物生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明,几种耕作方式中平作的平均产量都要高于垄作,其增产率在11.38%￣15.20%之间。在相同的垄作或平作方式下,不同的保护性耕作方式的增产幅度不同,其中秸秆还田增产幅度最大。平作方式的出苗率、叶面积指数、根干重和干物重都高于垄作,但不同的保护性耕作方式其各项指标变化有所不同。平作下保护性耕作方式的土壤含水量高于垄作;垄作方式有一定的增温效应,尤其在苗期的土壤表层。  相似文献