运行参数对倒伞曝气机曝气性能影响试验     

王勇  明加意  董亮  刘厚林  刘嘉伟  汪文生 《农业工程学报》2017,33(20):67-73

转速、浸没深度和液位高度对倒伞曝气机曝气性能的影响较大,为了研究各影响参数协同作用下倒伞曝气机曝气性能的变化情况,该文通过试验研究了不同转速、浸没深度和液位高度对曝气性能的影响。研究表明:在相同转速时随着运行时间的增加曝气池溶解氧浓度随之增大,但增幅逐渐降低;随着转速的增加,叶轮对水的做功能力增强,提高了水面的湍动强度及水面下的复氧强度,进而缩短了曝气池达到氧饱和的时间,转速为300 r/min达到氧饱和的时间比150 r/min缩短了约57%。转速、浸没深度和液位高度的改变均会极大地影响倒伞曝气机的性能:转速的增加能够提升倒伞曝气机的标准氧总转移系数和标准充氧能力,但对于标准动力效率的提升有一个上限值,该上限值与浸没深度有关;倒伞曝气机低速运行时,浸没深度和液位高度对标准氧总转移系数和标准充氧能力的影响较小。液位高度的增加会加大倒伞曝气机的标准充氧能力和标准动力效率,但是相同液位高度下,随着转速的增加标准动力效率增幅明显小于标准充氧能力增幅,当液位高度为250 mm时,转速从150增加到300 r/min,标准充氧能力值提高2.91倍而标准动力效率提高1.22倍。该研究可为倒伞曝气机的经济运行提供参考。  相似文献   

煤矿复垦区重构土壤溶解性有机碳空间分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑永红  胡友彪  张治国 《土壤》2017,49(5):977-981

为探究煤矿复垦区重构土壤中溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量的空间分布特征,以淮南潘一矿区煤矸石山和周边复垦区林地土壤为研究对象,从空间分布和颗粒组成上,分析了煤矸石山山顶、山腰和山脚的煤矸石风化物及周边林地土壤中DOC的含量。结果表明:自上而下山顶、山腰、山脚的煤矸石风化物中DOC含量呈递减趋势,并随采样深度的增加而增大;但林地土壤中DOC含量随采样深度的增加而减少。不同粒径颗粒物中DOC含量分布不同,煤矸石风化物和林地土壤均以细砂(0.2~0.05 mm)DOC含量最高,石砾(10~2 mm)DOC含量最低。在雨水淋溶作用下,煤矸石风化物对周边土壤DOC含量贡献较大,距离山脚1~100 m范围,随着距离的增加,土壤中DOC含量由325.46 mg/kg减少至177.89 mg/kg,煤矸石风化物对周边土壤DOC含量的贡献率由85.78%降低到1.54%,在距离山脚100 m处土壤中DOC含量已接近正常对照土壤含量。  相似文献   

水体太阳能供电增氧系统及其运行效果     

游国栋  杨世凤  李继生  侯勇  王秀清  南忠良  王昶 《农业工程学报》2012,28(13):191-198

为了快速改善水产养殖水体质量,该文分析了国内水体富营养化的现状和存在的问题,提出了以太阳能电池为动力,采用单片机设计了一套水体增氧系统,重点介绍了硬件组成、结构特点和软件实现方法,并应用在公园鱼池净化和鲤鱼养殖生产中。试验结果表明,该系统能够实时控制鱼池中的溶氧量、pH值,使多环境因子稳定在最佳值附近。为增强水体的自净能力,提高水产养殖水平提供了一种切实可行的技术措施。  相似文献   

微孔曝气流量与曝气管长度对水体增氧性能的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

程香菊  曾映雪  谢骏  龚望宝 《农业工程学报》2014,30(22):209-217

为了探究曝气流量与曝气管长度对增氧性能的影响,在不同曝气流量、不同曝气管长度条件下进行了室内水体底部微孔曝气增氧试验。分析了曝气流量与曝气管长度对氧体积传质系数、增氧量和氧利用率的影响。研究结果表明,当曝气流量为0.27~0.55 m3/s、曝气管长为0.9~1.5 m时,所对应的氧体积传质系数在0.63~1.1 h-1变化,增氧量在6.8~12.9 g/h变化,氧利用率在6.87%~9.28%变化,且在一定的曝气管长度下,氧体积传质系数、增氧量均与曝气流量成正比,而氧利用率则与其成反比关系;在一定的曝气流量下,曝气管长度对氧体积传质系数产生的影响表现为先高后低再高的趋势;氧体积传质系数与修正的饱和溶解氧浓度是否作为增氧量的主要影响因子取决于曝气管长度;曝气流量对氧利用率较曝气管长度更为敏感。研究还发现,微孔曝气系统中存在着最优曝气管长度,使得增氧性能最佳,并建立了最优曝气管长度与曝气流量、水深、输入压力、最优初始气泡直径的相关关系式,为低碳经济下微孔曝气系统的设计和运行提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Dynamics of dissolved oxygen (DO) in ponded water of a paddy field     

Mohamed Ismail Mohammed Mowjood  Tatsuaki Kasubuchi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):405-413

The transfer of heat and dissolved oxygen (DO) through water is important to understand the phenomenon of ponded water in a paddy soil. The heat from solar radiation is absorbed at the soil surface and transferred into the ponded water by convection. This study clarified the dynamics of DO, as well as the role of convection in water in DO transfer in the ponded water of a paddy field. DO concentration in the ponded water of a paddy field was measured in situ in the daytime and during the night. The results were confirmed in lab-scale model experiments. The DO concentration and temperature profiles in the ponded water of a lab-scale paddy field model were investigated under convective and non-convective conditions using solar radiation and infrared radiation, respectively. Under the ponded condition, solar radiation was absorbed at the soil surface whereas infrared radiation was absorbed at the water surface and thereby convective and non-convective conditions were generated, respectively. The diurnal variation in DO concentration was closely related to the intensity of solar radiation. Oxygen generation by micro-algae and its subsequent circulation by convection resulted in uniform DO concentration profiles, with super-saturated values in the ponded water in the daytime. Eventually oxygen was released to the atmosphere by deaeration until DO in water was depleted to the saturated level. During the night the oxygen moved from the atmosphere into the water surface by reaeration which depends on the oxygen deficit related to saturation. The oxygen deficit is caused by the respiration of microorganisms. The oxygen, that moved from the atmosphere to the water surface, was transferred to the soil surface by convection in the water layer. Thus convection plays an important role in the DO transfer in the ponded water of a paddy field. The DO dynamics is correlated with biological processes in the ponded paddy soil.  相似文献   

基于光谱技术的畜禽污水化学需氧量快速测定方法的研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

宋海燕  岑海燕  应霞芳  鲍一丹  黄敏  何勇 《农业工程学报》2006,22(6):148-151

化学需氧量(COD)是评价水体污染程度的一项重要综合性指标。随着环境污染问题的日益严重，传统的测量方法由于存在分析成本高、时间长，并且还会造成二次污染等问题，已经不能够满足污水检测的需求，提出了采用光谱技术进行畜禽污水COD快速测定的方法。采用ASD公司的便携式光谱仪，选用容积分别为1000 mL和2000 mL的烧杯作为盛样容器，对18个不同COD浓度水平的污水样本进行了测量。通过吸光度与水样COD值的相关性分析表明，水样的光谱特性与COD值之间存在较好的相关性，以此建立偏最小二乘回归模型。结果表明，两种不同盛样容器(1000 mL、2000 mL)下的预测决定系数达到0.9895和0.9985，校正样本标准偏差为14.2和11.5，预测样本标准偏差为22和32，预测相对偏差均在10％以下，能够满足农业工程应用的要求。说明可以利用光谱技术对畜禽污水的COD含量进行定量分析，COD预测模型的建立也将为开发水质在线检测仪器提供技术基础。  相似文献   

两种低氧条件对赤拟谷盗不同虫态的抑制作用     

劳传忠  曾伶  郭超 《粮食储藏》2012,41(4):27-29

研究了在28℃、75%RH的温湿度条件下,5%和2%低氧储藏条件对赤拟谷盗高龄幼虫、蛹和成虫的抑制作用。在5%和2%氧气条件下暴露15d后,赤拟谷盗高龄幼虫化蛹率分别为95.0%和3.7%,蛹羽化率分别为98.0%和0%,成虫死亡率分别为12.7%和100%。本研究结果为气调储粮防治害虫提供依据。  相似文献   

基于遗传算法与RBF网络的养殖池塘溶解氧模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马从国  赵德安 《中国农村水利水电》2011,(2)

在分析了工厂化水产养殖池塘溶解氧影响因素的基础上,利用RBF神经网络良好的非线性逼近能力建立了池塘溶解氧的神经网络预测模型.常规的RBF神经网络模型常导致训练时间较长且易陷入局部极小点,因此,采用自适应遗传算法对RBF神经网络进行优化,模型的收敛速度明显加快.采用了养殖池塘的外部可控环境水体温度T、水流量Q、酸度(pH)以及增氧机器的转速V作为模型的输入.实验结果表明采用该方法预报溶解氧的预测精度较常规RBF递推算法的预测精度明显提高.该方法为研制开发智能水产养殖环境监控系统以及工厂化水产养殖奠定了基础.  相似文献   

Soluble organic nitrogen in agricultural soils   总被引：36，自引：0，他引：36  

D. V. Murphy  A. J. Macdonald  E. A. Stockdale  K. W. T. Goulding  S. Fortune  J. L. Gaunt  P. R. Poulton  J. A. Wakefield  C. P. Webster  W. S. Wilmer 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,30(5-6):374-387

 The existence of soluble organic forms of N in rain and drainage waters has been known for many years, but these have not been generally regarded as significant pools of N in agricultural soils. We review the size and function of both soluble organic N extracted from soils (SON) and dissolved organic N present in soil solution and drainage waters (DON) in arable agricultural soils. SON is of the same order of magnitude as mineral N and of equal size in many cases; 20–30 kg SON-N ha^–1 is present in a wide range of arable agricultural soils from England. Its dynamics are affected by mineralisation, immobilisation, leaching and plant uptake in the same way as those of mineral N, but its pool size is more constant than that of mineral N. DON can be sampled from soil solution using suction cups and collected in drainage waters. Significant amounts of DON are leached, but this comprises only about one-tenth of the SON extracted from the same soil. Leached DON may take with it nutrients, chelated or complexed metals and pesticides. SON/DON is clearly an important pool in N transformations and plant uptake, but there are still many gaps in our understanding. Received: 10 June 1999  相似文献   

土壤中水溶性有机质的结构特征及其与富里酸、胡敏酸的比较   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15  

周江敏  代静玉  潘根兴 《土壤》2004,36(1):46-50

采用元素分析、1HNMR和FTIR研究了黄泥土中水溶性有机质组成及结构特征,并与富里酸、胡敏酸进行比较。结果表明:胡敏酸含有大量的芳香族不饱和物质,烷基链烃多,支链长;富里酸以含有大量的羧基为主要结构特征;水溶性有机质主要由碳水化合物组成,含有大量的羟基,芳香族不饱和物质少。  相似文献