梯田埂坎植物根系营养空间及伸展模式初步研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

张宇清  齐实  文妙霞 《中国水土保持科学》2003,1(3):31-36

 采用三维坐标挖掘法对宁夏南部山区梯田埂坎上较为常见的几种植物根系分布进行了调查,并对根系的伸展模式进行了分类。结果表明:红柳、苜蓿、柠条的根系分布较深,表现出垂直根型的特点;杞柳、杨树表现出了较强的趋水肥的特点;几种植物都表现出不同程度的生态可塑性。阳坡密植的红柳、靠近埂坎下部栽植的柠条、苜蓿、树龄5年以下的杞柳、大地埂中部的杨树根系伸展模式比较符合农林复合系统的要求。建议红柳采用密植的方法栽植于阳坡,阴坡栽植杞柳,但随树龄的变化应适当调整株距;杨树不宜作为埂坎造林的树种,适当发展苜蓿。  相似文献   

中国东南部红壤地区不同植被对土壤侵蚀和土壤养分的影响   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  

TIAN Guang-Ming  WANG Fei-Er  CHEN Ying-Xu  HE Yun-Feng  FU Qing-Lin  S. KUMAR  LIN Qi 《土壤圈》2003,13(2):121-128

The effect of different vegetation systems including bamboo plantation (BP), forest ecosystem (CF), citrus orchard (Ctr) and farmland (FL) on erosion and nutrients of red soil were investigated in hilly region of southeastern China to find effective control measures for soil erosion. The results showed that all the vegetation systems could significantly reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses compared to bare land (Br). The ability of different vegetation systems to conserve soil and water was in the order of Ctr > BP > CF > FL > Br. Vegetation could also improve soil fertility. The soil organic matter, total N and total P contents were much higher in all the vegetation systems than in bare land, especially for the top soils. Vegetation systems improved soil physical properties remarkably. Compared to the bare land, soil organic matter, TP, TK and available K, especially soil microbial biomass C, N and P, increased under all the vegetation covers. However, they were still much lower than expected, thus these biological measurements are still needed to be carried out continuously.  相似文献   

带状种植系统养分供给与利用研究进展     

孙辉  唐亚  赵其国 《中国生态农业学报》2001,9(1):85-87

带状种植是1种以固N植物篱为核心、农作物与植物篱相间种植的农林复合经营模式，植物篱通过修剪避免对农作物遮光，其枝叶作为覆盖物和有机肥，可提高土壤肥力。阐述了植物篱枝叶N素矿化和利用、枝叶有机碳矿化及其对土壤有机质的影响以及固N植物篱对土壤P素和其他矿质元素的供给状况，并评价了该模式下土壤养分和有机质动态。  相似文献   

APPLICATION OF DECOMPOSITION COORDINATION METHOD OF LARGE - SCALE SYSTEMS AND METHOD OF NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING TO ECONOMIC SCHEDULING OF POWER SYSTEM     

Duan Yurong Tian Yufang 《保鲜与加工》1992,(6):112-118

In this paper,we discuss a mathematical mode) for optimization of active power dispatch of large-scale hydro-thermal power systems with cascaded hydropower stations. The following factors are taken into account: the variation of the head in the hydropower stations, water transport delay between cascaded stations etc. Using the decomposition-coordination method of large scale systems, we obtain a three-layer-hierarchical coordination system and a three-layer-hierarchical computational structure. We also discuss the computational methods which are used by each hierarchy. We have taken a test computation and analysing the result of an actual hydrothermal power system. The computational results show that it may obtain a satisfactory economic benefit. The paper provides some research work on the economic scheduling of hydrothermal power systems by the decomposition-coordination method of large-scale systems,multiplier method and a new variable metric method.  相似文献   

冲量法谷物流量测量系统的试验研究   总被引：11，自引：7，他引：11  

孙宇瑞  汪懋华  马道坤  黄季平 《农业机械学报》2001,32(4):48-50

根据精细农业研究的实际要求，首先在不考虑外部振动的情况下设计了一种基于冲量原理的谷物流量测量试验装置。该装置由自行研制的冲量传感器、数据采集器和谷物流动模拟箱体组成。试验结果表明，这种装置测量误差的绝对值小于5%，在此基础上又进行了谷物产量时监测系统的试验研究，试验结果表明，在引入外部机械振动的情况下，经过滤波处理系统测量误差的绝对值小于8%。  相似文献   

农业物料力学试验测控系统设计   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

王剑平  盖玲  王俊 《农业机械学报》2002,33(1):51-53

介绍了基于计算机的农业物料力学试验测控系统的组成和测控软件。应用结果表明，该系统工作可靠，虚拟仪器面板操作简便，实现了农业物为力学试验数据采集及试验过程自动化。  相似文献   

生态需水研究进展及存在问题   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

张丽  董增川  丁大发 《中国农村水利水电》2003,(1):13-15

回顾了生态需水问题的提出背景，分析了目前有关生态需水的定义，归纳了生态需水的类型，讨论了不同生态系统（河道生态系统、植被生态系统）生态需水的计算方法，提出了存在的问题，原因和今后研究的方向。  相似文献   

秸秆还田对土壤养分及土壤微生物数量的影响   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6  

董亮  田慎重  王学君  孙泽强  郑东峰  刘盛林  董晓霞  郭洪海  罗加法 《中国农学通报》2017,33(11):77-80

为探明秸秆还田后土壤养分及土壤微生物数量的变化情况,通过田间试验,研究了秸秆还田对小麦-玉米轮作体系中土壤养分及土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明：秸秆还田可以增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤养分库容,增加土壤中细菌、真菌及放线菌数量。50%秸秆还田、100%秸秆还田、150%秸秆还田条件下,土壤有机质增幅为0.02~0.04个百分点,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别增加6.64~9.00、3.37~4.07、10.33~19.00 mg/kg。不同秸秆还田量增加土壤微生物丰富度,细菌、真菌、放线菌增幅分别为2.2×10⁸个/g~3.1×10⁸个/g、0.5×10⁶个/g ~3.5×10⁶个/g、1.3×10⁷个/g ~1.9×10⁷个/g。但过量秸秆还田不利于农田生产力。  相似文献   

From on-farm solid-set sprinkler irrigation design to collective irrigation network design in windy areas     

N. Zapata  E. Playán  A. Martínez-Cob  I. Sánchez  J.M. Faci  S. Lecina 《Agricultural Water Management》2007

In this paper, a contribution to the design of collective pressurised irrigation networks in solid-set sprinkler-irrigated windy areas is presented. The methodology is based on guaranteeing minimum on-farm performance, using a historical hourly wind speed database and a ballistic solid-set irrigation simulation model. The proposed method was applied to the Montesnegros Irrigation District (central Ebro basin, Spain). The district irrigates an area of 3493 ha using an on-demand schedule. The average wind speed in the area is 2.8 m s⁻¹. An analysis of district water records showed that farmers often reduce water demand when the wind speed is high, but their irrigation decision making is limited by the capacity of the irrigation network and by the unpredictable character of local winds. Simulations were performed for 11 irrigation seasons, 2 triangular sprinkler spacings (18 m × 18 m and 18 m × 15 m), and 2 sprinkler models. The percentage of monthly suitable time for irrigation was determined for four management strategies. The first one was based on a wind speed threshold (3 m s⁻¹), while the other three were based on three levels (standard, relaxed and restrictive) of two irrigation performance parameters: the Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CU) and the Wind Drift and Evaporation Losses (WDEL). The standard strategy classified the time as suitable for irrigation when CU ≥ 84% and WDEL ≤ 20%. The thresholds limits of the irrigation parameters for the relaxed strategy were CU ≥ 80% and WDEL ≤ 25%. Finally, the restrictive strategy used thresholds of CU ≥ 90% and WDEL ≤ 15%. The suitable time for the first strategy (56%) was always lower than for the standard and the relaxed strategies (with respective average values of 75 and 86%), and higher than for the restrictive strategy (30%). In order to design the collective network, the hydrant operating time was equalled to the suitable time for irrigation. The differences in the cost of the collective network plus the on-farm equipment were particularly relevant between the restrictive strategy and the other three. Differences in suitable operating time were clear between sprinkler spacings, and less evident between sprinkler models. The application of the proposed methodology may be limited by the availability of historical wind speed records and CU estimates for different combinations of sprinkler models, sprinkler spacings and wind speed.  相似文献   

连续流粮食干燥控制系统变量分析与结构设   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王士军  毛志怀 《农业机械学报》2009,40(5):115-118

针对粮食干燥影响因素多且不确定,以及测量结果存在滞后的问题,提出了连续流粮食干燥被控变量和控制变量的选择方法,通过实验数据对影响粮食干燥过程的各因素及各因素对粮食出口含水率的灵敏度进行了分析.结果表明,影响较大的因素有排粮电动机转速、热风温度、粮食初始含水率,影响较小的因素有环境温度、热风和冷却风风量、粮食初始温度.设计了连续流粮食干燥过程自动控制系统的控制结构,引入微分环节可有效抑制因测量而造成的滞后现象.  相似文献