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畜禽粪便污染和饲料资源短缺已成为当前养殖业亟需解决的两大主要问题。目前处理畜禽粪便的生物技术已不能满足我国现代农业提出的发展低碳畜牧业的要求。黑水虻作为转化畜禽粪便的有效昆虫之一,不仅可实现畜禽粪便无害化处理和资源化利用,减轻粪便造成的环境污染,其产品黑水虻幼虫或预蛹还可作为动物蛋白饲料,虫沙可作为有机肥,可见,黑水虻具有实现低碳畜牧业的优势。综述了黑水虻在猪、鸡养殖业和牧草等种植业生产中可以及在降低畜禽粪便污染中的应用研究,以期为进一步促进以黑水虻为中介的低碳畜牧业发展。 相似文献
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Gianluca Galassi Costanza Jucker Pietro Parma Daniela Lupi Gianni Matteo Crovetto Sara Savoldelli Stefania Colombini 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2021,21(1)
The interest in using byproducts from agro-food industries as a rearing substrate for insects is increasing rapidly. We investigated the influence of byproducts of vegetal origin (okara—a byproduct of soy milk production, maize distillers with solubles, brewer’s grains), used as rearing diet for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), on the following parameters: biomass production, substrate reduction (SR), nutritional profile and in vitro digestibility, and larval gut microbiota. Hen diet was used as a control substrate. The highest larval biomass was collected on maize distillers, whereas the highest SR was observed on okara. The rearing substrate affected ash, ether extract, and chitin larval content. The BSFL reared on okara were characterized by a lower lauric acid content (17.6% of total fatty acids). Diets also influenced in vitro crude protein digestibility (%) for monogastrics, with the highest values for BSFL reared on maize distillers (87.8), intermediate for brewer’s grains and okara BSFL, and the lowest for hen BSFL (82.7). The nutritive value for ruminants showed a lower Net Energy for lactation for BSFL reared on hen diet than okara and dried maize distillers BSFL. The different byproducts showed an influence on the larval gut microbiota, with a major bacterial complexity observed on larvae fed with the hen diet. The neutral detergent fiber concentration of dietary substrate was negatively correlated with Firmicutes and Actinobacteria relative abundance. Insects valorized byproducts converting them into high-value larval biomass to be used for feed production. The results evidenced the effects of the tested byproducts on the measured parameters, underling the chemical composition importance on the final insect meal quality. 相似文献
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近年来,饲料蛋白质原料价格持续走高,中国饲料蛋白质原料紧缺并且长期依赖进口。因此,寻找并开发新型的蛋白质源已成为当前解决饲料蛋白原料紧缺的研究热点。黑水虻(Hermetia illucens L.)是一种双翅目水虻科的营腐生性昆虫,可将有机废弃物快速转化成为高附加值生物物质,具有饲养成本低、繁殖速度快、产出高的明显优势,其含有丰富的氨基酸、抗菌肽(antimicrobial peptides,AMPs)和几丁质等多种生物活性物质,其蛋白质和脂肪含量高,因而有望成为高质量动物饲料。大量研究表明,黑水虻部分替代饲料蛋白质成分可有效增强动物机体免疫和抗氧化能力,同时通过正向调节肠道有益微生物种群及增加菌群丰度的方式,起到改善动物肠道健康的作用,其作为一种颇具前景的蛋白质饲料原料有望为畜牧养殖业找到新的突破口。作者简述了黑水虻的营养特性、主要活性成分,系统总结了饲粮中添加黑水虻对猪禽肠道屏障、免疫机能及肠道菌群影响的最新研究进展,并对黑水虻今后的研究思路及发展方向进行了展望,以期为黑水虻的进一步开发研究和在动物养殖生产中的推广应用提供参考依据。 相似文献
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【目的】探究黑水虻初孵幼虫采用开口料饲喂是否更有利于其后期生长,并研究猪粪与麦麸混合培养料的最适比例。【方法】设初孵阶段采用开口料(全麦麸)饲喂的对照处理及不采用开口料饲喂的试验处理,用猪粪含量分别为90%、80%、60%、50%的麦麸混合培养料进行饲喂。定期测量黑水虻幼虫的体长、体宽、体重。【结果】对照处理中,黑水虻幼虫体长、体宽、体重的增长随着猪粪含量的降低而逐渐增高,在猪粪含量为50%时达到最佳。试验处理中,幼虫的生长指标随着猪粪含量的降低呈现先增后减的趋势,在猪粪含量为80%时达到最佳。比较对照处理与相应试验处理,除猪粪含量为90%的两组差异不显著外,其余整体生长指标均表现为对照处理优于试验处理,且差异显著。【结论】采用开口料饲喂黑水虻初孵幼虫更有利于其后期生长,且粪含量为50%的猪粪麦麸混合培养料对幼虫生长最有利。 相似文献
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斗式黑水虻处理猪粪有机肥取料机设计与试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对黑水虻处理的猪粪有机肥在取料输送过程中劳动强度大、作业效率低的问题,根据黑水虻养殖工艺流程与有机肥物理特性,设计了一种斗式取料机。采用离散元软件构建了有机肥斗轮机械部件耦合仿真模型,运用单因素试验方法获得了斗轮进给速度、料斗转速、料斗数量对单斗平均取料量、变异系数的影响规律,并确定了各因素取值范围。在单因素试验基础上,运用Box Behnken中心组合试验方法,以斗轮进给速度、料斗转速、料斗数量为试验因素,进行了三因素三水平二次回归正交试验。建立了响应面数学模型,分析了各因素对作业效果的影响,同时对影响因素进行了综合优化。结果表明:对单斗平均取料量与变异系数影响显著顺序由大到小均为料斗转速、料斗数量、斗轮进给速度;最优工作参数组合为斗轮进给速度65 mm/s、料斗转速8.25 r/min、料斗数量3个,在最优工作参数组合下,单斗平均取料量、变异系数的理论优化值与试验值分别为4.008、4.236 kg和3.19%、3.37%,二者相对误差为5.38%、5.34%,仿真试验和台架试验结果吻合度较好。 相似文献
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为研究黑水虻油替代豆油在草鱼生产实践中的效果,本实验以黑水虻油替代草鱼基础饲料中0（SO）、25%（BSO25）、50%（BSO50）、75%（BSO75）和100%（BSO100）的豆油并配制成5种等氮等脂的饲料,饲喂草鱼[初始体质量（13.37±1.07 g）]56 d后检测生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、肠道和肝脏组织结构及肠道菌群组成等变化。结果显示,各组之间草鱼增重率（WGR）、特定生长率（SGR）、饲料系数（FCR）、肥满度（CF）、脏体比（VSI）和肝体比（HSI）变化均不显著。与SO组相比,BSO25和BSO50组血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著增加,SM75和SM100组的丙二醛（MDA）含量均显著降低,BSO50、BSO75和BSO100组的过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均显著上升。BSO100组肝细胞呈现为不规则形状,血清中谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）的水平均显著高于SO组。BSO100组群落多样性指数Sobs、Shannon和丰富度指数Chao、Ace均显著高于SO组。研究表明,在本实验条件下,黑水虻油替代饲料中100%的豆油虽然不会影响草鱼的生长,能提高草鱼抗氧化能力及肠道菌群的丰度和多样性,但在BSO100组中,草鱼肝脏受损,长期饲喂会对机体产生不利影响,因此在草鱼饲料中黑水虻油不应全部替代豆油,建议替代比例不超过75%。 相似文献
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黑水虻在人工养殖条件下,产卵有聚集的习性,它喜欢于角落缝隙中产卵。光源对于黑水虻的交配至关重要,连阴或雨天时出现成虫不交配、产卵量少和活跃程度低等现象。交配主要集中在光照充足的正午。 相似文献
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Mengmeng Li Guiying Wang Rongsheng Shang Qinglong Xu Jincheng Zhang Ran Sun Lusheng Li 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2021,21(5)
A lipidomics approach based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was applied to analyze the molecular-level mechanism of lipid deposition in Hermetia illucens (H. illucens) larvae fed food waste (FW) at different days of age. The H. illucens larvae reared on FW substrates generally became larger, heavier, and fatter at 5–15 d of age. A large amount of glycerolipids (GL) were deposited, while glycerophospholipids (GP), sphingolipids, and derivatized lipids became relatively less abundant during the growth stage of the larvae. Forty-three subclasses of 3,205 lipid molecules were identified in larvae, and 139 lipids (79 upregulated and 60 downregulated during larval growth and development) were identified as potential biomarkers (variable importance in projection > 1; P < 0.05). The differential lipids were mainly enriched in 19 metabolic pathways, of which 9 metabolic pathways related to lipids, including GL and GP metabolisms. The results demonstrate that the lipid composition and mechanisms changed during the growth and development stage of H. illucens larvae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work exploring the molecular-level mechanism of lipid deposition during the growth and development stage of H. illucens larvae. The findings provide novel information for determining and utilizing the nutritional value of H. illucens larvae. 相似文献