空中核爆炸对水稻的损伤及其恢复     

赵文虎  裘同才 《作物学报》1992,18(1):23-30

在空中核爆炸的情况下,光辐射是损毁水稻的主要因素,光辐射可使三叶期、分蘖期水稻的叶片烧损、株高降低,其损毁程度随着距爆心距离的加大而减弱,叶片受到烧损仍然存活的植株,爆后可迅速恢复生长,叶片数、株高在较短时间内即可达对照水平,分蘖能力也不受影响。收获时大部分受损水稻的穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、平均单株分蘖数、  相似文献   

燕麦叶片光合速率、气孔导度对光强和CO_2的响应与模拟   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王建林 《华北农学报》2009,24(3)

为指导燕麦生产,并了解燕麦在陆地生态系统水-碳循环过程中的作用,用LI-6400便携式光合测定仪,人工控制光强和CO2浓度,在锡林郭勒盟对燕麦叶片光合速率、气孔导度进行了研究,结果表明:燕麦叶片光合速率随光强的增强而增大,可以用米氏方程对其进行描述,在自然CO2浓度下,燕麦叶片的潜在最大光合速率为18.63μmol/(m2·s);在饱和光强下,光合速率随CO2浓度的增大而增大,也可以用米氏方程对其进行描述,CO2浓度→∞时,潜在最大光合速率达到110.28 μmol/(m2·s);气孔导度随光强的增强而增大,随CO2浓度的增大而减小;气孔限制值随光强的增强而增大,气孔限制值随CO2浓度的增大迅速增大,而[CO2]>200 μmol/mol时,气孔限制值基本保持恒定.  相似文献   

杂交棉标杂A1和石杂2号超高产冠层特性及其与群体光合生产的关系   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

杜明伟  冯国艺  姚炎帝  罗宏海  张亚黎  夏东利  张旺锋 《作物学报》2009,35(6):1068-1077

在田间自然条件下, 以标杂A₁、石杂2号为材料, 研究了超高产(3 500 kg hm^-2以上)杂交棉冠层的叶面积配置、叶倾角和光分布等冠层特性的变化及与群体光合生产的关系。结果表明, 超高产条件下杂交棉叶面积指数高且持续期长, 群体叶面积配置与光分布较均匀, 花铃期冠层中部有较好的透光性, 吐絮期底部漏光损失较小, 整个冠层仍保持较高的光吸收率。超高产杂交棉不仅群体光合速率峰值高, 而且高值持续时间长, 生育后期非叶器官仍维持较高的光合能力, 特别是茎的光合贡献率为常规高产棉花的1.6~4.9倍, 这是杂交棉在生育后期能保证群体光合优势的一个重要原因。超高产杂交棉的棉铃干物质空间分布与叶分布、光分布和冠层光合分布的比例吻合程度较高, 保证了光能的有效利用, 促进同化物及时向棉铃转运, 有利于挖掘杂交棉品种的增产潜力。  相似文献   

Polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase activities in Hayward kiwifruit as affected by light exposure,maturity stage and storage time     

S. Tavarini  E. Degl’Innocenti  D. Remorini  R. Massai  L. Guidi 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

Softening process and total antioxidant activity were evaluated in kiwifruit differently exposed to light intensity and harvested at two different times (October 10 and November 14). Fruit was stored for 2 months at 0 °C (S1) and then maintained for a week at ambient temperature (S2). The results showed that fruit harvested later presented a faster softening rate during storage than fruit harvested earlier, even if antioxidant activity did not change. Light-exposed fruit showed higher flesh firmness than that of shaded ones. Polygalacturonase activity was higher in kiwifruit maintained for a week at ambient temperature after cool storage and, in particular the highest value was recorded in fruit harvested later. The behaviour of β-galactosidase was different: it did not show changes in fruit harvested later and significantly decreased in light- and shade-exposed fruit harvested earlier.  相似文献   

Characteristics of phosphorus uptake kinetics of poinsettia and marigold     

Azizollah Khandan-Mirkohi  Manfred K. Schenk 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

In a previous experiment it has been found that maximum uptake rate (I_max), Michaelis constant (K_m), and minimum nutrient concentration (C_min) as plant physiological characteristics may be important for phosphorus (P) uptake in peat-substrate. Thus, variation of P uptake parameters was evaluated with a series of depletion studies for poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) and marigold (Tagetes patula) under fluctuating climatic conditions and different developmental stages.  相似文献   

光环境调控及LED在蔬菜设施栽培中的应用和前景   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

刘立功  徐志刚  崔瑾  张欢 《中国蔬菜》2009,1(14):1-5

综述了近年来光环境调控及发光二极管（LED）在蔬菜设施栽培中的研究与应用,主要内容包括：我国蔬菜设施栽培中光环境现状及问题,光环境调控在蔬菜设施栽培中的应用研究进展,LED在蔬菜设施栽培中的应用前景分析。  相似文献   

遮荫处理对侧柏种子萌发的影响     

闫兴富  周立彪  杜茜 《北方园艺》2009,(5)

在不同光照梯度55.44%自然全光照(Natural sonlight,NS)、21.12%NS、3.47%NS 和0.86%NS的人工遮荫条件下,研究了侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)种子萌发的特点.结果表明:4个光照梯度处理的侧柏种子的萌发率分别为68.9%、82.2%、44.4%和42.2%;随着光照强度的减弱,种子萌发进程减慢;萌发指数和幼苗活力指数均在21.12%NS处理最大,分别为1.89和770.8.  相似文献   

几种新型农膜的小气候效应研究     

张兆辉  汪李平  于海彬  王俊良 《长江蔬菜》2009,(2)

研究了3种不同薄膜覆盖大棚内小气候因子的变化.研究结果表明,在不同测定日期中,覆盖不同塑料薄膜大棚的棚内外日平均气温和日平均地温变化相似,转光膜1的保温性能优于转光膜2和无滴膜;转光膜1的透光率高于转光膜2和无滴膜,无滴膜的透光率则略高于转光膜2.不论晴天还是阴天,转光膜,均表现出较好的保温与采光性能,而且使用这3种农膜后.大棚内温度和光强变化规律相似.  相似文献   

Influence of light intensity on feeding, growth, and early survival of leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) larvae under mass-scale rearing conditions     

Kenzo Yoseda  Kazuhisa Yamamoto  Kimio Asami  Masayuki Chimura  Koji Hashimoto  Shinichi Kosaka 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,279(1-4):55-62

This study investigated the effect of different light intensities on feeding, growth and survival of early stage leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus larvae. Four different light intensities (0, 500, 1000 and 3000 lx) were used and larvae were kept under constant light conditions from 0 day after hatching (DAH) to 5 DAH. The larvae were fed a small S-type of Thai strain rotifers at a density of 20 individuals/mL from 2 DAH. The number of rotifers in larval digestive organ and total length of larvae were examined at 3 h intervals between 04:00 and 22:00 h on 3 DAH, and thereafter at 6 h intervals until the end of the experiment (5 DAH). Four experimental trials of the larval rearing were repeated using by 60 kL mass-scale rearing tanks. The results indicate that coral grouper larvae are visual feeders and their food intake increases with increasing light intensity. Food intake of larvae reared at 3000 lx was significantly higher than those reared at 0–1000 lx on 3 DAH despite being the first-feeding day (P < 0.01). On 4 DAH, total length of larvae reared at 3000 lx was significantly larger than those reared at the lower light intensities (0, 500 and 1000 lx), and thereafter light intensity significantly influenced larval feeding and growth until the end of the experiment. Survival on 5 DAH did not show a significant difference between light intensities, but survival rate at 3000 lx and 1000 lx had a tendency to be higher than those reared at the lower light intensities (0 and 500 lx). In contrast, larvae reared at 0 lx exhibited stagnant and/or negative growth. These results indicate that light intensity is significantly the factor affecting larval feeding, growth, and survival in coral grouper larvae under the rearing conditions.  相似文献   

Outdoor mass microalgae production in Bahia Kino, Sonora, NW Mexico     

Domenico Voltolina  María del Pilar Snchez-Saavedra  Luz María Torres-Rodríguez 《Aquacultural Engineering》2008,38(2):93-96

The diatom Chaetoceros muelleri was grown in outdoor mass cultures under the winter, spring and summer conditions of Bahia Kino, Sonora, NW Mexico. The solar irradiance in winter was close to 60% of that available in spring and summer, but the cell concentrations and the harvestable biomass were one order of magnitude higher in spring and summer than in winter. There was no difference between the biomass harvested after 2 and 3 days in winter and summer, whereas in spring it was higher after 3 days. The protein content was significantly lower in winter, and carbohydrates and lipids were higher in winter and spring. The number of cells and the amount of harvestable biomass of outdoor cultures of C. muelleri depend on the temperature prevailing in each season, which causes significant differences in growth rates and in biochemical composition.  相似文献