干湿交替灌溉对籼粳杂交稻产量与水分利用效率的影响及其生理基础   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

褚光  徐冉  陈松  徐春梅  王丹英  章秀福 《中国农业科学》2021,54(7):1499-1511

【目的】探明干湿交替灌溉对籼粳杂交稻产量与水分利用效率的影响及其生理基础。【方法】试验于2017—2018年在中国水稻研究所富阳基地皇天畈试验农场进行。以2个新选育的超高产籼粳杂交稻品种甬优1540和春优927以及2个当地高产粳型杂交稻品种常优5号和嘉优5号为材料,开展大田试验。自移栽后7 d至成熟期设置2种灌溉模式,分别为常规灌溉（CI）和干湿交替灌溉（AWD）。研究AWD对籼粳杂交稻品种产量形成以及水分利用效率的影响及其生理基础。【结果】与CI模式相比,AWD模式显著降低了2个当地高产粳型杂交稻品种的产量,降幅为12.3%—12.8%,但2个籼粳杂交稻品种的产量在2种灌溉模式间没有显著差异;AWD模式显著提高了4个供试水稻品种的水分利用效率,其中当地高产粳型杂交稻品种的增幅为5.9%—8.3%,籼粳杂交稻品种的增幅为13.7%—16.8%。与当地高产粳型杂交稻相比,籼粳杂交稻品种在AWD模式下获得相对较高的产量以及水分利用效率主要得益于其强大的分蘖发生能力、较高的群体颖花量和结实率、齐穗至成熟期较高的光合势与作物生长速率、齐穗后2次土壤落干期与复水期较高的根系氧化力、剑叶净光合速率以及籽粒中较高的蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶的活性。【结论】与当地高产粳型杂交稻品种相比,籼粳杂交稻品种在AWD模式下可获得更高的产量与水分利用效率;较好的根系性能（齐穗后2次土壤落干期与复水期较高的根系氧化力）和地上部植株较强的生理活性（齐穗至成熟期较高的光合势、作物生长速率、齐穗后2次土壤落干期与复水期较高的剑叶净光合速率以及籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性）是其在AWD模式下获得高产与水分高效利用的重要生理基础。  相似文献   

基于CFD木材干燥进出风参数优化及干燥过程模拟     

孟兆新  石晋菘  巴图  马婧尧 《西北林学院学报》2021,36(3):225-231

为探究在改变引入进出风口流速配比等因素下的木材中心含水率的变化情况,使用DesignModeler及NX10.0建立木材干燥域的三维流场模型,并通过结合CFD及正交试验方法,对单个木材在给定的多组试验工况下进行模拟,得到了试验各因素下最佳水平的参数组合。结果表明,合理地配置进出风口流速及气流温湿度对降低木材中心含水率有明显影响,为强制进排风干燥过程中控制干燥进程,通过平衡进出风口流速来调整木材（中心）干燥速率提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

预处理方式对枸杞子热风和远红外干燥下品质的影响     

罗燕  黄晓鹏  李声元  岳元满  万芳新 《中国农业大学学报》2021,26(6):159-169

为研究不同预处理方式对枸杞子干制品品质的影响,比较经不同预处理方式(超声、渗透、热烫、超声+渗透和超声+热烫)后再经干燥加工的枸杞子中有效成分、感官评价和微观结构等指标。结果表明:1)未经预处理的热风干燥加工后枸杞子色泽偏亮、总色差较小,总酚、总黄酮含量最多,抗氧化能力最好;远红外干燥加工的枸杞子中多糖含量最多,为793.841mg/g,微观结构较好且感官评分较高。2)除超声+热烫预处理,其他4种预处理方式均有利于提升枸杞子加工后的感官评分;超声、热烫预处理能显著缩短干制时间、提升明度值,且可以显著提升热风干燥后的总黄酮含量;渗透预处理能显著提高远红外干燥后枸杞中多糖和总酚的含量,且干制品色泽较好。综合考虑,超声+渗透预处理下的远红外干燥为枸杞子较适宜的加工方式。  相似文献   

不同吸波介质对微波法降解土壤中氯丹影响的研究     

赵浩  周荣  赵敏燕  王世强  任朋  徐炎华 《农业科学与技术》2015,(4):750-754

[目的]比较碱性条件下3种吸波介质对微波法降解土壤中氯丹的影响。[方法]以农药生产企业搬迁遗留场地土壤为研究对象,研究了在含水率为20%、碱性条件下 Cu2O、MnO2、粉末活性炭3种吸波介质对土壤升温及氯丹去除率的影响;同时以活性炭为最佳吸波介质,研究了其添加前后对土壤中氯丹去除率的影响,并考察了增大土壤处理量对氯丹去除率的影响。[结果] Cu2O、MnO2、粉末活性炭3种吸波介质对氯丹去除率的影响大小排序为：粉末活性炭＞MnO2＞Cu2O。相同微波条件下,氯丹去除率随土样质量增加而降低,但微波利用效率随土样质量增加而不断提高并趋于平衡。[结论]为进一步的工程应用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Microencapsulation of Fish Oil Using Fish Protein Hydrolysate,Maltodextrin, and Gum Arabic: Effect on Structural and Oxidative Stability     

Jeyakumari Annamalai  Zynudheen Aliyamveetil Abubacker  Narasimha Murthy Lakshmi  Parvathy Unnikrishnan 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2020,29(3):293-306

ABSTRACT

Microencapsulated fish oil was prepared by spray drying using fish protein hydrolysate, sodium caseinate, maltodextrin, and gum Arabic as wall material. Fish protein hydrolysate was prepared from pink perch meat, and its physical and functional properties were studied. Microencapsulates prepared with a combination of sodium caseinate, maltodextrin, and gum Arabic were kept as control. The encapsulation efficiency and oil release behavior of microencapsulates was evaluated. Surface morphology and thermal properties of microencapsulates were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, respectively. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the spectral pattern of microencapsulates showed a similar structural pattern with a minor band shift for both control and fish protein hydrolysate containing microencapsulates. Oxidative stability of fish oil microencapsulates indicated that the sample stored under was 4°C was more stable than microencapsulates stored under 60°C and 28 ± 2°C temperature conditions. Moreover, microencapsulates containing fish protein hydrolysate had a lower thiobarbituric acid value. Results suggest that the incorporation of fish protein hydrolysate along with other wall material could improve the oxidative stability of microcapsules during storage.  相似文献   

Estimating aboveground biomass in forest and oil palm plantation in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo using ALOS PALSAR data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alexandra C. Morel  Sassan S. SaatchiYadvinder Malhi  Nicholas J. BerryLindsay Banin  David BurslemReuben Nilus  Robert C. Ong 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(9):1786-1798

Conversion of tropical forests to oil palm plantations in Malaysia and Indonesia has resulted in large-scale environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity and significant carbon emissions. For both countries to participate in the United Nation’s REDD (Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Degradation) mechanism, assessment of forest carbon stocks, including the estimated loss in carbon from conversion to plantation, is needed. In this study, we use a combination of field and remote sensing data to quantify both the magnitude and the geographical distribution of carbon stock in forests and timber plantations, in Sabah, Malaysia, which has been the site of significant expansion of oil palm cultivation over the last two decades. Forest structure data from 129 ha of research and inventory plots were used at different spatial scales to discriminate forest biomass across degradation levels. Field data was integrated with ALOS PALSAR (Advanced Land-Observing Satellite Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery to both discriminate oil palm plantation from forest stands, with an accuracy of 97.0% (κ = 0.64) and predict AGB using regression analysis of HV-polarized PALSAR data (R² = 0.63, p < .001). Direct estimation of AGB from simple regression models was sensitive to both environmental conditions and forest structure. Precipitation effect on the backscatter data changed the HV prediction of AGB significantly (R² = 0.21, p < .001), and scattering from large leaves of mature palm trees significantly impeded the use of a single HV-based model for predicting AGB in palm oil plantations. Multi-temporal SAR data and algorithms based on forest types are suggested to improve the ability of a sensor similar to ALOS PALSAR for accurately mapping and monitoring forest biomass, now that the ALOS PALSAR sensor is no longer operational.  相似文献   

不同灌溉方式下的水稻群体质量   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

张自常  徐云姬  褚光  王志琴  王学明  刘立军  杨建昌 《作物学报》2011,37(11):2011-2019

为探明不同灌溉方式对水稻群体质量的影响,以籼稻扬稻6号和粳稻扬粳4038为材料,从移栽至成熟进行畦沟灌溉(FI)和干湿交替灌溉(AWD)处理,以习惯水层灌溉(TF)为对照,结果表明,与TF相比,FI和AWD的产量分别增加了10.60%和8.43%。FI和AWD减少了无效分蘖数,提高了分蘖成穗率和顶部3叶的叶面积比率,增加了叶长、粒叶比、透光率、抽穗期至成熟的干物质积累量、剑叶光合速率、根量和根系活力。说明FI和AWD可以改善群体质量,进而增加产量。  相似文献   

浸胶竹纤维化单板干燥温度对竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张亚慧  祝荣先  于文吉  齐锦秋 《木材工业》2011,25(6)

以慈竹为试材,探讨浸胶竹纤维化单板的干燥温度对竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:随着干燥温度由70℃升至90℃,复合材料的抗弯强度、弯曲模量和垂直加载水平剪切强度呈现先上升、后下降的趋势,平行加载水平剪切强度和耐水性能逐渐下降。综合考虑板材性能和生产效率,建议工业化生产中的干燥温度设为80℃。  相似文献   

水曲柳地板坯料气干与窑干联合干燥工艺的研究     

董丰  侍继梅  涂登云  潘成锋  杜超  郑峰峰 《林业科技》2011,36(5):43-45

采用气干与窑干联合干燥方法对水曲柳地板坯料进行干燥的试验结果表明：采用气干与窑干联合干燥工艺干燥,比单独采用窑干干燥工艺节约成本62．43％～67．78％,木材综合合格率可提高约2．0％,而生产周期仅延长了2．5天。  相似文献   

苹果片中短波红外干燥过程中水分扩散特性   总被引：3，自引：8，他引：3  

王雪媛  高琨  陈芹芹  毕金峰  吴昕烨  易建勇 《农业工程学报》2015,31(12):275-281

为了研究苹果片中短波干燥过程中水分扩散特性和玻璃化转变温度的变化规律,进而明确中短波红外干燥过程中的水分扩散特性,采用中短波红外干燥箱在50、70和90℃的条件下对苹果片进行中短波红外干燥处理试验,应用低场核磁共振(low-field nuclear resonance,LF-NMR)和差示量热扫描(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)等技术,测定中短波红外干燥过程中水分状态、玻璃化转变温度、水分活度、体积等变化情况,进一步分析中短波红外干燥过程中水分状态与玻璃化转变温度、水分活度等指标之间的相关性及变化规律。结果表明:干燥过程中,中短波红外温度对水分扩散影响较大,50、70、90℃3个温度条件下平均干燥速率之比为1∶1.5∶2.3;苹果片中存在3种状态水分,干燥过程中液泡中的自由水含量大幅度降低的同时,细胞质和细胞外空隙中不易流动水质量分数由7.96%增加至46.82%,干燥继续进行,不易流动水含量逐渐降低;中短波红外干燥过程中,苹果片内不易流动水含量的降低,明显提高了玻璃化转变温度(p0.05),使其由-38℃左右最高上升至13.41℃,并引起水分活度由0.99迅速下降至0.24(p0.01);随干燥过程中水分的散失,苹果片发生皱缩现象,体积与水分含量表现出极显著相关性(R0.99)。该研究为中短波红外干燥中水分扩散特性研究提供了理论依据。  相似文献