Reducing Peak Pressures Under the Saddle Panel at the Level of the 10th to 13th Thoracic Vertebrae May Be Associated With Improved Gait Features,Even When Saddles Are Fitted to Published Guidelines     

《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2017

Saddle–horse interaction is increasingly linked with back pain, performance, and welfare issues. Saddle fit and work quality influence alterations in back shape with exercise at thoracic vertebra 13 level (T13) with exercise. The objectives of experiments were to: determine a repeatable zone and stride point of peak pressure under saddles fitted to industry guidelines; compare peak pressure in this zone and limb kinematics in collected trot between horses own saddles (S) and a saddle designed to reduce pressure at T10–T13 (F); compare thoracolumbar width change after exercise between S and F and with F after 3 months use. Elite dressage (n = 13) horses/riders with no lameness/performance problem had pressure mat data acquired under S, fitted by four qualified saddle fitters, to determine zones of peak pressure. Pressure mat data at T10–T13, forelimb/hindlimb protraction, and carpal/tarsal flexion acquired using simultaneous high-speed motion capture, and difference in thoracolumbar dimensions (T8, T18 at 3, 15 cm) between before and after exercise was compared between S and F. Peak pressures were consistently detected axially around T10–T13 (sensors A4–A7, H4–H7). Peak pressures were significantly less with F than S for each cell and pooled (55%–68% difference. P = .01 to <.0001). Saddle F was associated with 13% greater forelimb and 22.7% hindlimb protraction, 3.5° greater carpal and 4.3° tarsal flexion (P = .02 to .0001), and greater increase in thoracolumbar dimensions after exercise (P = .01 to <.0001). Saddles fitted to published guidelines may still have a nonideal interface with horses. Reducing peak pressures around T10–T13 was associated with improved limb kinematics in trot and greater thoracolumbar expansion after exercise.  相似文献   

基于耕地非市场价值的三峡库区消落带生态休耕补偿标准研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尹珂  肖轶 《水土保持通报》2017,37(2):239-246,252

[目的]对三峡库区消落带耕地非市场价值进行评估,为生态休耕经济补偿标准的厘定提供参考。[方法]通过双边界二分式CVM法开展评估和分析。[结果](1)受访者基本可以构建起CVM假想市场,问卷理解度调查显示受访者的理解度达84.73%,调查可信度较高。(2)受访者支付意愿存在较大差异,农户愿意支付率达到75.65%,城镇居民愿意支付率仅占到64.80%。(3)Probit回归模型与Logit回归模型分析表明,收入状况是影响受访者支付意愿的主要因素。[结论]以受访者单位耕地支付意愿1 516.76元/(hm~2·a)作为该区的生态休耕经济补偿标准,则所涉及的三峡库区9区县消落带耕地的非市场价值约为30.15亿元。  相似文献   

叶顶间隙大小对螺旋离心泵内部压力脉动的影响   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

张华  陈斌  王炳祺  史长彪  沈登武 《农业工程学报》2017,33(1):84-89

叶顶间隙大小是影响半开式螺旋离心泵内外特性的重要因素之一,为充分探究叶顶间隙大小对其内外特性的影响程度及作用机理,该文以一台比转速237的单叶片螺旋离心泵为研究对象,通过设计叶顶间隙专用调节机构,分别调整叶顶间隙大小至0.3、0.5和0.8 mm,与叶轮外径的比值分别为0.13%、0.22%和0.35%。针对3种叶顶间隙大小情况,同时进行外特性试验和压力脉动试验研究。压力脉动的监测点包括叶轮进口边、叶轮中部、蜗壳第三断面和蜗壳隔舌附近。结果表明叶顶间隙大小与叶轮平均直径的比值应介于0.13%~0.22%之间。同时,结合压力脉动试验获得的实测压力波形图、压力系数波形图及频域图,分析了单叶片螺旋离心泵内部压力脉动的规律,为半开式螺旋离心泵的减振降噪提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

盐度波动和中草药制剂对脊尾白虾存活·生长和免疫的影响     

曹梅  王兴强  阎斌伦  张庆起  高景锋 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(7):3512-3515,3544

[目的]为大规模脊尾白虾的养殖提供理论基础。[方法]研究了盐度波动幅度（S0、S3、S6和S9分别代表盐度波动幅度为0、3、6和9）和中草药制剂（0、1%、2%和4%）对脊尾白虾存活、生长和免疫的影响,试验周期60 d。[结果]1%中草药和S6盐度波动处理组脊尾白虾的特定生长率、饲料转换效率和超氧化物歧化酶活性均高于其他处理,且显著高于同一中草药添加水平的S0,S3和S9盐度波动处理组。回归分析结果表明,在S0、S3和S6 3个盐度波动水平,随盐度波动幅度增加,饲料中的中草药制剂的最适添加量呈下降趋势,分别为2.74%、1.77%和0.51%;在4个中草药制剂添加水平,随饲料中的中草药制剂添加量增加,脊尾白虾生长的最适盐度波动幅度呈下降趋势,分别为5.26、4.95、3.54和1.97。[结论]盐度、中草药制剂及其相互作用对脊尾白虾的存活、生长和免疫均有显著影响,因此在养殖时应加以注意。  相似文献   

A Pressure Algometer Is a Useful Tool to Objectively Monitor the Effect of Diagnostic Palpation by a Physiotherapist in Warmblood Horses     

Phebe De Heus  Gerry Van Oossanen  Machteld C. Van Dierendonck  Willem Back 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010

There is a lack of scientific evidence for objective evaluation of neck and back musculoskeletal sensitivity in horses, although pressure algometry has been described as an objective tool to quantify musculoskeletal responses by mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) values. This study aimed to evaluate the use of pressure algometry for objectively quantifying the effect of diagnostic palpation applied by physiotherapists on the musculoskeletal function of the equine neck and back. The inter-examiner repeatability of animal physiotherapists was tested, and their subjective clinical scores for the vertebral column area were objectively compared with MNT values measured at the same locations to investigate the potential clinical implementation of the pressure algometer in daily equine rehabilitation practice. Six adult Dutch Warmblood riding school mares were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group. The MNT of all horses was measured on 35 predefined sites on the vertebral column in the morning and in the evening of the same day. In the experimental group (n = 3), neck and back surface “temperature”, “pain”, “muscle tone”, and passive “mobility” were scored through palpation by three certified physiotherapists and related to MNT measurements at the same vertebral column locations. Agreement between the physiotherapists was determined from Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (P < .05). These correlation coefficients showed a significant agreement between the scores of individual physiotherapists and with objective MNT measurements. The three physiotherapists agreed best in their subjective gradings of “pain”, but less for “temperature” and “muscle tone”, and least for “mobility”. There was also a significant difference in MNT between individual horses. The physiotherapeutic diagnostic intervention did not significantly alter the MNT of the experimental group compared with the control group. There was a significant difference, however, between morning (7.4 kg/cm²) and evening (6.9 kg/cm²) MNT-measurements within the combined group (n = 6, P < .05). In conclusion, a pressure algometer proved to be a useful tool to objectively monitor the palpation of individual Warmbloods by individual physiotherapists. The correlation of their scores to the objective MNT measurements elucidated that there were differences on which scale (“pain”, “temperature”, “muscle tone”, “mobility”) they merely relied upon in their palpation. Significant effects of physiotherapeutic diagnostic palpation on MNT, however, were not found. The lower MNT of the horses at the second trial in the evening could be a sensitization of the measurement location because of bruising, a learning effect of the horses, or a diurnal fluctuation. The use of pressure algometry has both a potential to quantify clinical neck and back musculoskeletal sensitivity in horses possibly leading to dysfunction, as well as to objectively evaluate treatment results. Repeated measurements on the same day and on the same location along the vertebral column may influence absolute MNT values. The algometer can be used with success provided that the operator has proper and frequent training.  相似文献   

黑龙江省畜禽肉类产量波动的影响因素及政策建议     

车明诚  赵鹏展 《农业现代化研究》2010,31(2):179-182,199

本文以现代经济周期理论为基础,将黑龙江省1978—2008年畜禽肉类总产量的变动划分为7个周期,并建立起畜禽肉类总产量与各种畜禽肉产量之间的误差修正模型,得出二者间存在稳定的长期均衡关系;分析了各种畜禽肉产量短期波动对畜禽肉类总产量的冲击及产生的原因:即政策调整、技术推广及应用、动物疫病及其防控、饲料供给和市场需求等因素,就稳定黑龙江省畜牧业发展和畜禽产品产量增长提出政策建议。  相似文献   

嵌入式仿真在坦克射击训练系统中的应用研究     

赵清华  林学华 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,(4):32-35

通过从上海期货交易所获取数据,使用向量自回归检验了两种类型投资者的行为和价格波动性之间的关系。实证检验结果表明：（1）不同期货品种市场上的投机行为都会加剧价格波动性,而不同价格波动率度量方法下,套期保值行为对价格波动所产生的Granger显著影响只出现在某些期货品种市场上;（2）市场价格波动对套期保值行为没有显著的影响,而市场价格波动对投机者行为的影响则随着波动率的度量方法不同而不同。研究结论对于指导我国期货市场改善投资者结构、促进期货市场发展具有积极的意义。  相似文献   

茶园主要害虫种群灯下监测及频振式与LED式杀虫灯的效果评价   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

曾明森刘丰静  何玉仙王庆森 吴光远 《中国农学通报》2010,26(19):246-252

试验结果表明,虫情测报灯对茶树鳞翅目（尺蠖蛾科、斑蛾科、鹿蛾科、卷叶蛾科、细蛾科、蓑蛾科、豹蠹蛾科、毒蛾科、剌蛾科、螟蛾科、镰蛾科等）、鞘翅目(金龟甲科、天牛科等)、直翅目（蝗虫科、蝼蛄科、蟋蟀科等）、同翅目（叶蝉科、蛾蜡蝉科）、等翅目具有良好的诱集作用,初步明确了白蚁、金龟甲、卷叶蛾类、茶银尺蠖、茶尺蠖、油桐尺蠖、茶斑蛾、茶鹿蛾、茶白纹螟、黑跗眼天牛、茶天牛、红翅天牛等害虫的灯下年消长规律,其中部分害虫的发生规律和世代数与文献记录存在差异。LED红光杀虫灯对昆虫没有诱集作用,蓝光杀虫灯诱虫能力强于紫光杀虫灯,其中,紫光杀虫灯诱集鳞翅目能力强于蓝光杀虫灯,诱集茶树鞘翅目害虫和天敌的能力也强于蓝光杀虫灯,而蓝光杀虫灯诱集半翅目、双翅目、同翅目和蜉蝣目昆虫的能力则比紫光杀虫灯强,频振灯除了诱集中性昆虫（蚊虫和蜉蝣）的能力比蓝光杀虫灯差外,对茶树害虫和天敌的诱集能力均大大优于紫光杀虫灯和蓝光杀虫灯,尤其对天敌有很强的杀伤力。而且,频振灯的诱虫谱比紫光杀虫灯和蓝光杀虫灯更宽。  相似文献   

Effects of ERK1/2 on pressure overload-induced cardiomyopathy and heart failure in mice     

LI Xiao-mei  YANG Yi-ning  MA Yi-tong  CHEN Bang-dang  LIU Fen  HAN Wei  GAO Xiao-ming  HUANG Ying 《园艺学报》2010,26(2):209-215

AIM: To explore the changes in extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) in the hypertrophic myocardium induced by pressure overload at the different time courses and to determine the molecular mechanism in the myocardium from hypertrophy to heart failure. METHODS: C57/BL mice, aged 12 week old, were subjected to sham-operation (SH) or transversing aortic constriction (TAC) to establish left ventricular hypertrophy. Echocardiographic assessments, hemodynamic determination, organ weight measurement, morphological and histological examination were performed at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after surgery. Meanwhile mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC), bcl-2 and bax were measured by RT-PCR, and ERK1/2 levels were detected by Western blotting. The animals in SH group were performed the same tests then sacrificed at 16 weeks. RESULTS: (1) Compared to SH group, LVESd, LVEDd, Awsth, Awdth, Pwsth and Pwdth progressively increased after TAC. Meanwhile, ejection fraction (EF%) significantly decreased at 16th week (P<0.05). LVSP, dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin in TAC group were progressively increased after 4 weeks. From 8-12 weeks these parameters maintained stable and then sharply decreased at 16th week (all P<0.05). However, LVEDP was statistically increased at 8th week. These echocardiographic and hemodynamic changes indicated a development of LVH and eventually progressing towards to heart failure. (2) Histologically, cardiac collagen measured by percentage of Sirius red positive stained area and apoptosis index showed progressive increases from 4 to 16 weeks. (3) Compared to SH group, mRNA levels of ANP was time-dependently increased while α-MHC and Bcl-2 were time-dependently decreased. The ratio of Bcl-2 /Bax was decreased. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was increased at 4th week, then decreased with age of TAC (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Pressure-overload induced by TAC results in a development of LVH from early concentric hypertrophy to late eccentric hypertrophy, and eventually toward cardiac dysfunction or heart failure. Those changes are associated with increase in cell size and cardiac fibrosis. ERK1/2 signaling pathway may involve in the regulation of myocardial cell apoptosis in hypertrophic and failure heart.  相似文献   

降水约束条件下的粮食生产适应度评价——以内蒙古乌兰察布市为例     

孙雪萍  苏筠 《干旱地区农业研究》2016,34(3):234-239

基于年际间降水波动性与粮食生产稳定性之间的关系,提出了粮食生产适应度评价的概念模型,并建立评价标准,将粮食生产适应度分为1~4级。以位于北方干旱半干旱雨养农业区的内蒙古乌兰察布市为例,选取乌兰察布市1959—2009年逐年粮食产量、播种面积数据,逐年逐日气温、降水量数据,结合数学统计分析揭示了区域粮食生产适应水平的变化趋势。气象数据统计分析结果显示,该区域降水在波动中有小幅降低,近30年年平均降水量比20世纪60年代减少约30 mm;同期气温升高约3.1℃,区域整体暖干旱化趋势明显。粮食生产状况统计结果显示:这一时段内粮食单产上升趋势明显、气象产量波动较大。基于适应度评价模型,该区粮食生产适应水平大致经历了由4级降至1级、至1995年后又升至3级的高→低→高的变化过程。在区域气候条件变化和技术经济进步的情况下,人们通过不断调整适应措施来应对变化,其间,适应水平呈现高低不同的变化。  相似文献