蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱流场优化设计及仿真     

陈忠加  赵宇轩  卢丰源  孙敏  王青春 《农业工程学报》2024,40(6):60-71

农产品的烫漂与干燥是农产品加工的关键技术。农产品蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱是集烫漂与干燥一体的新型农产品绿色保质低碳智能干燥技术装备。农产品蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱内部流场均匀性直接影响着农产品烫漂与干燥效果。为提高其内部速度均匀性与温湿度均匀性,同时减少冷凝现象发生,采用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）方法建立蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱模型,对其送风方式和送风口数量进行研究。结果表明：侧送侧回的送风方式在速度场以及温湿度场的均匀性总体优于上送下回,能量利用系数提高约18%,箱内壁面冷凝面积小于上送下回。仿真研究表明,当送风口数量为4个时,箱内的温度场和相对湿度场均匀性更好,能量利用系数最高。试验表明,蒸汽烫漂与热风干燥箱的试验值和仿真值最大温度偏差为2.3℃,相对湿度误差不超过1.3%,误差在合理范围内,仿真结果可靠,研究结果可为农产品低碳智能干燥新技术的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

芦荟真空冷冻干燥特性的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

车刚  齐海龙  杨宏图  万霖 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2007,19(3):47-50

为提高芦荟冷冻干燥速率和品质,在通过物理的方法获得芦荟的共晶点温度的基础上,单因素试验研究干燥室压力、加热搁板温度、预冻速度和物料厚度对芦荟的含水量和冷冻干燥时间的影响。利用芦荟质量的模糊综合评判法,获得芦荟的冷冻干燥的较优工艺参数范围:芦荟切片厚度5～6mm,干燥室压力100～108Pa,加热搁板温度36～38℃,预冻速率-0.40～-0.45℃/min。  相似文献   

银杏果热风干燥工艺参数响应面法优化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张黎骅  徐中明  夏磊  马志远 《农业机械学报》2012,43(3):140-145， 156

利用自制的热风干燥在线测试装置,对银杏果的热风干燥进行了试验研究,探讨了热风温度、热风速度及装载量对含水率、干燥速率的影响,通过响应面分析和逐步逼近法分析了热风温度、热风速度及装载量与干燥过程平均能耗、平均干燥速率、蛋白质保存率以及干燥后的感官品质之间的关系,建立了二次回归数学模型。并利用函数期望优化方法进行了多目标函数优化,确定了银杏果热风干燥的最佳工艺参数组合。结果表明,银杏果热风干燥过程中加速过程不明显,主要集中在恒速和降速的干燥阶段。其最佳工艺参数组合为:热风温度68℃、热风速度1.15 m/s、装载量15.58 kg/m2。此时平均能耗为11.86 kW.h/kg、平均干燥速率为9.77%/h、蛋白质保存率为90.30%、感官评分为8.57分。  相似文献   

五味子热风干燥特性及数学模型     

孙逢龙  杜焱  纪建伟 《农机化研究》2012,34(8):93-97

利用循环热风干燥装置对五味子热风干燥进行了研究,通过多种不同干燥条件的试验,获得五味子的干燥特性曲线。试验表明:在热风温度为60℃、热风风速为0.3m/s、铺料密度为15kg/m2时干燥效果较佳。通过对基于不同方程建立的3个干燥模型进行了比较,确立了基于Page方程的五味子热风干燥模型。该干燥模型可以为五味子热风干燥过程的设计和操作提供可靠的理论依据。  相似文献   

Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Christian R. Jensen  Adriano Battilani  Georgios Psarras  Franciszek Janowiak  Zorica Jovanovic  Xuebin Qi  Sven-Erik Jacobsen 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,98(3):403-384

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:

•

Potatoes

°

After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Fresh tomatoes

°

From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Processing tomatoes

°

From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψ_soil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψ_soil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψ_{soil, dry side} = −270 kPa).

The findings during the SAFIR project might be used as a framework for implementing water-saving deficit irrigation under different local soil and climatic conditions.  相似文献   

新疆小白杏的太阳能干燥试验研究     

肉孜·阿木提  李峰  高泽斌 《农机化研究》2011,33(7)

作为取之不尽且对环境无污染的能源,太阳能在农业干燥方面有着广泛的用途。为此,利用自主研制的整体式太阳能果蔬干燥装置,进行了太阳能干燥试验,研究了在不同处理方式、温度和风速条件下小白杏的干燥特性,得出不同条件下的干燥特性曲线。水洗处理可提高卫生指标,切分处理可提高干燥速度,提高干燥箱内热空气温度,可显著提高干燥速率,但温度不宜超过85℃;风速为5.5m/s时对干燥速率的影响不显著。最优条件:温度65℃、风速为11.5m/s下,用32h可将小白杏的含水率从79%降低至18%。该项先进的设备和技术还可用于其他果蔬干燥。  相似文献   

水稻干燥过程应力裂纹产生的机理研究     

黄丙申  初旭宏  张玲玉  葛宜元  薛向磊 《农业机械化与电气化》2014,(6):24-25

通过水稻干燥和缓苏过程中稻谷爆腰产生的玻璃化转变分析,确定稻谷在玻璃态下干燥时对爆腰增殖无影响。建议采用2种措施：一是使稻谷在玻璃态下干燥,抑制爆腰产生;二是使稻谷在较高温度下干燥一定时间后,给稻谷缓苏足够时间以降低内部水分梯度,使内部水分均匀,有效地降低稻谷裂纹率和提高产米率。  相似文献   

热泵干燥南美白对虾品质特性与玻璃化转变关系研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

石启龙  赵亚  魏彦君 《农业机械学报》2017,48(1):297-302

针对南美白对虾热泵干燥过程中常出现物理、化学反应导致虾肉品质下降,而其机理又尚未明确的问题,采用静态称量法研究了南美白对虾肉的解吸等温线,利用差示扫描量热仪测定了虾肉的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。分别采用GAB模型与Gordon-Taylor方程拟合水分吸附与Tg数据。虾肉在热泵干燥温度35℃、风速1.5 m/s下进行干燥,每隔1.0 h取样,分析虾肉品质特性(色泽、收缩程度、硬度与韧性和虾青素质量比)。基于玻璃化转变理论,阐明虾肉热泵干燥品质变化机制。结果表明,虾肉热泵干燥过程中,基质处于橡胶态,体系流动性增加,导致干制品品质下降。  相似文献   

有机污泥干燥特性与干燥模型研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

于镇伟  陈坤杰  高崎  陈淼  於海明 《农业机械学报》2017,48(10):286-291

为了有效处理含水率较高且体积庞大的有机污泥,实现与低温热解工艺相结合,进一步完善污泥处理与利用知识体系,研究了干燥温度与升温速率对污泥干燥过程中的质量、失重率、含水率、热量的影响。同时研究了不同温度下污泥的干燥速率和含水率的变化规律,并建立了污泥干燥的数学模型。实验结果表明:从不同干燥特性曲线可以看出,污泥的干燥特性符合理论的3个阶段,预热时间极短,恒速阶段持续时间也不长,最后的减速阶段时间最长。干燥终温为240℃时污泥干化时间最短,速率最快。二次模型的预测值与实测值决定系数为0.992 4,均方根误差和残差平方和分别为0.035和0.032,与其他数学模型相比,二次模型对污泥干燥过程的拟合优度最高。  相似文献   

地源热泵稻谷干燥机板翅换热器的设计与试验     

张德高  谢焕雄  颜建春  吴慧昌  周新星  严伟  姚礼军 《农机化研究》2017,(7):229-234

针对稻谷干燥机作业成本过高和干燥后的物料品质差的问题,将地源热泵技术应用于稻谷干燥机,设计了一套板翅式换热器加热空气,计算得出芯体结构与技术参数,以降低单位作业量成本,提高干燥后的物料品质。试验研究表明:当环境温度为环境温度16℃、空气相对湿度53.2%时,地源热泵稻谷干燥机与燃油稻谷干燥机的稻谷含水率降低速率无明显区别,稻谷干燥性能可达到同等效果;地源热泵稻谷干燥机干燥稻谷的单位作业量成本0.040 7元,而燃油稻谷干燥机干燥稻谷的单位作业量成本为0.190 5元,单位作业量成本明显降低;地源热泵稻谷干燥机的稻谷干燥不均度干燥前后降低幅度0.40%小于燃油稻谷干燥机的0.72%;地源热泵稻谷干燥机的破损率增加值0.16%,小于燃油稻谷干燥机的0.31%,地源热泵稻谷干燥机的爆腰率增加值2.0%,小于燃油稻谷干燥机的3.0%,干燥后的物料品质明显提高。  相似文献