水稻秸青贮对反刍动物甲烷排放的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

华金玲  张永根  王立克  戴四发  庞训胜 《东北林业大学学报》2012,40(7):135-138

采用2个3×3拉丁方试验设计,利用SF6示踪技术分别测定了青年母牛不同饲养水平(维持和生长)下饲喂青贮稻秸、氨化稻秸以及干稻秸的甲烷排放量,从而评价了水稻秸青贮在减少甲烷排放量上的作用。结果表明:维持水平下,饲喂青贮稻秸和氨化稻秸可有效地降低试验牛每天的甲烷排放以及每千克干物质采食量的甲烷排放,并且与干稻秸组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。甲烷排放量由大到小为干稻秸、氨化稻秸、青贮稻秸。生长水平下,粗饲料的瘤胃降解率越高,日粮中添加精料越有助于纤维的发酵,表现为单位(每天或者每采食1 kg干物质)甲烷气体排放青贮稻秸组均高于干稻秸组。  相似文献   

纳米技术在畜牧业中的应用研究     

曲登峰 《北京农业》2012,(24):82-83

20世纪80年代以后,纳米技术作为一门新兴技术学科发展迅速.由于纳米粒子具有特殊的控释、吸附以及吸收效应,纳米技术在畜牧业以及兽药领域具有非常重要的研究价值.  相似文献   

Effect of Copper Oxide Nano Particle on Seed Germination of Selected Crops     

Tapan Adhikari  Samaresh Kundu  Ashis Kumar Biswas  Jagadish Chandra Tarafdar  Anangi Subba Rao 《农业科学与技术》2012,(6):815-823

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Local airborne particulate concentration is associated with visible tracheal mucus in Thoroughbred racehorses     

M. L. MILLERICK‐MAY  W. KARMAUS  F. J. DERKSEN  B. BERTHOLD  S. J. HOLCOMBE  N. E. ROBINSON 《Equine veterinary journal》2013,45(1):85-90

Reason for performing study: Accumulations of tracheal mucus assessed by endoscopic examination are associated with poor performance in racehorses. The air quality in horses' stalls may contribute to this visible tracheal mucus. Objectives: To determine whether the concentration and number of airborne particulates in stalls are associated with visible accumulations of tracheal mucus and with the number of inflammatory cells in tracheal aspirates. Methods: We studied 107 racehorses from 3 stables, in 3 different months, and measured airborne particulate matter 3 times daily in each of the stalls. On each monthly visit, horse airways were examined endoscopically and assigned a mucus score, and tracheal lavage was performed. Bivariate procedures, general estimating equations and linear mixed models were applied to estimate the association between PM and the presence of accumulations of mucus and number of inflammatory cells. Results: Stable, stall, month and PM were all significantly associated with the presence of accumulations of tracheal mucus, which had an overall prevalence of 67%. The odds of horses having visible accumulation of mucus were increased when horses occupied enclosed stables or stalls with higher particulate concentrations, and when concentrations of larger particles (≤10 µm in diameter) were elevated. Sixty‐eight percent of tracheal wash samples contained more than 20% neutrophils. Increased numbers of neutrophils were associated with the concentration of smaller particles (≤2.5 µm in diameter). Potential relevance: Careful consideration of stable construction and management practices focused on maintaining the lowest possible dust concentrations throughout the day should reduce the prevalence of visible accumulations of tracheal mucus, potentially improving racing performance.  相似文献   

Study on the Prepressing of Flakeboard Containing Waste Paper     

Günther Gerischer  Dave Reeves 《Southern Forests》2013,75(1):73-76

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the strength properties of a composite board containing waste paper as a core material, could be improved by the prior prepressing of the core material before pressing the product to final thickness. Results indicated that intermediate cold prepressing of the core layer had no effect on the bending strength and MOE and can thus be eliminated. Flakeboard containing Kraft waste paper appears to be superior to commercial particle boards, with regard to thickness swelling in water. Results so far obtained indicate that waste paper can be utilized for flakeboard manufacture.  相似文献   

戈壁地表土壤颗粒的空间变异特征研究     

高君亮  高永  吴波  罗凤敏  党晓宏  蒙仲举  梁爱民 《土壤》2019,51(1):135-141

研究戈壁地表土壤颗粒粒度特征及空间变异可为戈壁地区风蚀监测、评价及制定科学的防沙治沙对策提供参考。以吉兰泰盐湖西北部的堆积型细砾质戈壁为研究对象,基于数字图像技术计算了地表不同粒级颗粒的质量分数,并分析了颗粒空间变异特征。结果表明,图像处理技术提取戈壁地表土壤颗粒的效果较好,3个粒级颗粒质量分数总和为93.12%,粒径0.84 mm、0.84～0.42 mm和0.42 mm颗粒质量分数分别为69.81%、14.99%和8.32%,变异系数分别为14.12%、40.02%和55.06%,变异函数模型分别为高斯模型、高斯模型和指数模型,空间异质性尺度分别为632、691和1 875 m。3个粒级颗粒均呈斑块状分布,且C/(C_0+C)介于72.79%～79.37%,说明结构因素和随机因素共同影响戈壁地表颗粒的空间分布格局,但结构性因素(戈壁形成过程、地势、风蚀及植被分布格局等)是造成颗粒分布格局差异的主要驱动力。  相似文献   

基于改进离散粒子群算法的青贮玉米原料含水率高光谱检测   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张珏  田海清  赵志宇  张丽娜  张晶  李斐 《农业工程学报》2019,35(1):285-293

快速、无损和准确检测青贮玉米原料含水率,对确保青贮玉米发酵品质、推动青贮产业健康快速发展有重要现实意义。为探究高光谱技术在青贮玉米原料含水率检测方面的可行性,研究通过高光谱成像系统获取青贮玉米原料高光谱图像并利用烘箱加热法测定实际含水率。在粒子更新方式和惯性权重2个方面对传统离散粒子群算法(discretebinary particle swarm optimization,DBPSO)进行优化,提出基于改进型离散粒子群算法(modified discrete binary particle swarm optimization,MDBPSO)的特征波段优选方法,并利用相关系数分析法(correlation coefficient,CC)、DBPSO和MDBPSO法提取原料含水率高光谱特征变量,基于全波段反射光谱(total spectral reflectance,TSR)和特征波段反射光谱建立青贮玉米原料含水率预测模型。结果表明,MDBPSO优选特征波段适应度函数的收敛精度和收敛效率较DBPSO法均有明显改善,最优适应度值由0.761 6提高至0.812 3,函数收敛迭代次数由280次降低至79次。MDBPSO-PLSR预测模型的建模精度和预测精度均高于CC-PLSR、DBPSO-PLSR和TSR-PLSR预测模型,其校正集决定系数Rc2和均方根误差RMSEC(root mean square error of calibration)分别为0.81和0.032,预测集决定系数Rp2和均方根误差RMSEP(root mean square error of prediction)分别为0.80和0.045。该研究表明,利用高光谱图像技术检测青贮玉米原料含水率具有较高的精度,研究可为后续开发青贮玉米原料水分快速检测仪器提供借鉴方法。  相似文献   

安达市碱性草地土壤颗粒的分维特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王力  王全九  石滨嘉夫  宫崎毅 《中国水土保持科学》2008,6(6):63-67

运用土壤颗粒质量分形模型计算松嫩平原低平地安达试区植被分布区和碱斑区样点土壤颗粒的分形维数,并建立分形维数与土壤颗粒不同粒级间的回归关系,以探讨土地碱化后土壤粒径分布的分形特征及其与土壤物理性状的关系。结果表明：安达试区土壤颗粒分形维数较高,平均分别仅有48．7×10^-5cm／s（PitA）和4．30×10^-6cm／s（PitB）,反映了该区土壤细颗粒含量高、土壤大孔隙数量少、土壤饱和导水率低的特征;土壤颗粒分形维数与黏粒含量呈对数正相关关系,而与粉粒和砂粒含量相关性不显著,说明在安达试区,影响土壤颗粒分形维数的主要因素是黏粒含量;羊草地土壤颗粒分形维数在土壤垂直剖面上的变异较大,说明植被生长促进了土壤质地的变异;碱斑地土壤颗粒分形维数明显大于羊草地,细颗粒含量高,饱和导水率低,说明碱斑的形成恶化了土壤物理性质;土壤颗粒分形维数可以反映安达市土壤物理性质的好坏,能作为土壤退化和生态环境恶化的评价指标。研究结果可为安达市以及松嫩平原盐碱地生态环境的修复和治理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Sustainable Approaches to Parasite Control in Ruminant Livestock     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2020,36(1):89-107

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A simplified roller bottle platform for the production of a new generation VLPs rabies vaccine for veterinary applications     

《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2019

Rabies is a neglected disease with an estimated annual mortality of 55,000 human deaths, affecting mainly low-income countries. Over 95% of these cases result from virus transmission through the bite of infected dogs and for this reason there is a real need for a cheap and effective rabies veterinary vaccine to be used in mass vaccination campaigns. In this work, we describe the establishment of a simple platform for the production of a virus-like particles based rabies vaccine using mammalian cells and roller bottles as culture system. Adherent cells were cultured during more than 15 days and VLPs were continuously produced and secreted to the culture supernatant. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of VLPs were tested through rabies virus neutralizing antibody test and NIH potency test. These viral particles induced high titer of long lasting neutralizing antibodies and protected mice against active virus challenge. Therefore, this development represents a promising platform for the production of a new generation and virus-free rabies vaccine candidate for veterinary applications.  相似文献