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61.
62.
Xanthomonas campestris is a seedborne bacterium that causes black rot of crucifers. Substantial crop losses may result from the rapid spread of the bacteria under favourable conditions, especially those occurring during seedling production. A PCR-based method has been developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of the pathovars of X. campestris that affect crucifers. Primers were designed to specifically amplify a 619 bp fragment of the hrpF gene from X. campestris . Amplification products were not detected from other Xanthomonas species, or from other pathogenic or epiphytic bacteria occurring on these plants. To avoid false-negative results arising from the presence of amplification inhibitors in plant extracts, primers targeting a 360 bp section of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from Brassica spp. were included in a multiplex PCR. The assay readily detected X. campestris pv. campestris infections in diseased plants and from bacterial colonies isolated on growth media, and was more sensitive and specific than traditional plating methods and a commercially available ELISA. A seed-washing protocol was optimized to allow the detection of a single artificially infected seed among 10 000 healthy seeds using the multiplex PCR. 相似文献
63.
64.
日粮维生素E水平对山羊精液品质的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用4×4拉丁方设计,给金堂黑山羊饲喂维生素E浓度不同(常量:30 mg/kg维生素E,10,50,100倍常量的添加量)而其他营养成分均一致的4种日粮,探索日粮中添加维生素E对山羊精液品质的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加维生素E有助于提高山羊采精量、精子密度和鲜精活率,改善其精液品质(P<0.05);随着日粮中维生素E浓度的增加,山羊采精量、精子密度和鲜精活率也随之改善,添加量为常量的50倍(1500 mg/kg)时,精子密度和鲜精活率最佳(P<0.01)。当添加量超过常量50倍时(100),精子密度和鲜精活率有所降低,但与添加量为50倍的试验组差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
65.
A. A. J. M. Franken J. F. Zilverentant P. M. Boonekamp A. Schots 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):81-94
Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (PCAs and MCAs), produced to whole cells and flagellar extracts ofXanthomonas campestris pv.campestris (Xcc), respectively, were tested for specificity. In immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) the three PCAs tested, reacted at low dilutions with all Xcc strains, some other xanthomonads and non-xanthomonads. At higher dilutions most cross-reactivity with non-xanthomonad strains disappeared. However, the cross-reactivity with strains ofX. c. pv.vesicatoria (Xcv),X. c. pv.amoraciae (Xca) andX. c. pv.phaseoli var. fuscans (Xcpf) remained.Six MCA-producing cell clones viz. 20H6, 2F4, 18G12, 10C5, 17C12 and 16B5 were selected for specificity tests with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), IF and a dot-blot immunoassay (DBI). None of the MCAs reacted with all Xcc strains in IF and EIA. In DBI, only MCAs 17C12 and 16B5 reacted with all Xcc strains. All six MCAs tested, cross-reacted in one of either tests with other pathovars ofX. campestris, such as Xcv or Xca. The MCAs were also tested in immunoblotting experiments using total bacterial extracts, cell envelope and flagellar extracts. MCAs 20H6, 2F4, 18G12 and 10C5 reacted with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Xcc. MCAs 16B5 and 17C12 reacted with a 39 kilodalton and a 29 kilodalton protein, respectively.It is concluded that the PCAs and MCAs discussed in this study may be used for routine identification and differentiation of (a group of) Xcc strains. The significance of the cross-reactions with other pathovars ofX. campestris needs to be determined by testing seed lots. 相似文献
66.
67.
Leah Tsror A. Nachmias Orly Erlich M. Aharon M. C. M. Pérombelon 《Phytoparasitica》1993,21(4):321-328
Potato seed tubers are imported annually to Israel from northern Europe. Although the seed is registered as certified, a survey
carried out over a 9-year period indicated that most lots were affected by latent or active bacterial and fungal infections.
Latent infection byErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica, the causal agent of blackleg, at a level of 103 cells/g peel, was present in 30% of the lots in most years. Black scurf caused byRhizoctonia solani was present in 20–70% of the imported lots, with a moderate to high level of infection in all years except 1985. In contrast,
although many lots were affected by powdery scab, common scab, and Fusarium dry rot in most years, disease incidence within
lots was generally low. The gangrene pathogen (Phoma exigua) was rarely detected. The survey findings are of marked importance, due to the extensive use of soil fumigation in Israeli
agriculture. 相似文献
68.
69.
根据土源性寄生线虫体外发育期间受温度、湿度、季节和宿主动物影响的原理,采用电子计算机对上述四因子和食道口线虫从卵发育到侵袭性幼虫速度、数量进行回归分析,制定出模拟模型,设计出了在牧地上该种线虫从卵发育到侵袭性幼虫数量预测预报公式,用该公式和气象资料计算出的侵袭性幼虫季节消长曲线,与牧地上宿主羊体内成虫数量消长曲线相一致,初步显示可以采用气象资料和计算机预测牧地上粗纹食道口线虫侵袭性幼虫量的季节动态,从而为防治措施的制定提供依据。 相似文献
70.
The distribution of olive fruit fly captures with McPhail traps within an olive orchard 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ioannis?DimouEmail author Constantin?Koutsikopoulos Aristidis?Economopoulos Josef?Lykakis 《Phytoparasitica》2003,31(2):124-131
The spatial distribution of olive fruit flyBactrocera (Dacus) oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) field captures with McPhail traps within an experimental orchard was evaluated. Contour maps
were constructed to examine the patterns in the 3-year trapping data. Captures varied widely inside the olive orchard, with
traps suspended on wild olive trees exhibiting the poorest performance. Favorable microclimate, created by a standing water
pool, appeared to be responsible for increased trap captures during the hot summer months. The positive role of the olive
tree fruit load is also discussed.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 2, 2003. 相似文献