Physiological disorders,bitter rot and other fungal decay of ‘Aroma’ apple fruit stored in controlled atmosphere     

J. Børve  A. Stensvand 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2016,66(5):461-467

Effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions on physiological disorders and fungal fruit decay on apple ‘Aroma’ were investigated. Fruit from three growing seasons were stored at 1% or 2% O₂ (both at 2% CO₂) at either 1°C or 3°C in small research units; controls were kept in the same ventilated rooms at the two temperatures (ambient air). The fruit were removed from storage after four or six months and assessed for fruit decay immediately afterwards and after two weeks at 20°C. Fruit quality parameters were recorded at the end of storage. On a three-year average, fruit stored in CA was less ripe at the end of storage. After both four and six months storage, CA reduced total decay (physiological disorders and fungal decay) by on average 70% and 45%, respectively, compared to storage in ambient air. Senescent breakdown was lower after CA storage for four months, but not after six months and not after simulated shelf life. Soft scald was lower when stored in CA both after cold storage at 1°C and simulated shelf life. After storage at 3°C there was lower incidence of soft scald when stored in CA after four months, but not after six months. For fungal fruit decay in general, there was no effect of low oxygen, however, 2% O₂ gave slightly less bitter rot (Colletotrichum acutatum) than 1% O₂ and significantly less than ambient air after simulated shelf life. Averaged over all oxygen levels, 1°C gave significantly less bitter rot than 3°C. It may be concluded that use of CA for storage of ‘Aroma’ is a good way of reducing development of physiological disorders. However, development of bitter rot seemed to be more influenced by temperature and storage time than by low O₂.  相似文献   

1960-2013年广东省梅江流域径流特征及其对降水的滞后效应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

董才文  张正栋  杨传训  万露文  张倩 《水土保持通报》2016,36(3):38-45

[目的]全面了解梅江流域的水文特征及其变化趋势,为河流水量调节、防洪防汛及流域生态环境保护等方面提供决策依据。[方法]以该地区的典型河流梅江为例,利用1960—2013年流域的径流、降水数据,结合累积距平、变异系数、集中度和集中期等数理方法,对梅江的径流量、降水量在年代、年际、季节等时间尺度上进行分析,并用集中期来反映径流对降水变化的滞后效应。[结果]梅江径流量年际变化整体呈下降趋势,递减率为5．79 mm／10 a ;流域径流主要集中在4—9月,季节上主要集中在夏季和春季,径流集中期主要集中在5月下旬至7月中旬;流域内多年降水量呈波动减少趋势,但减少幅度很小,降水集中期主要集中在5—6月;流域内年径流量与降水量存在极大的相关性,并呈线性回归关系（r ＝0．824＞0．428＝ R0．001,54,回归显著水平超过0．001）,流域径流对降水具有滞后效应,多年平均滞后时间为21 d ,且滞后天数随着时间推移呈扩大趋势。[结论]可以推测是人类活动改变了地表覆被状况或者是气候的变化。  相似文献   

不同供Fe~(3+)水平对玉米苗期生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

龙文靖  万年鑫  朱从桦  郭萍  査丽  谢梦琳  孔凡磊  袁继超 《玉米科学》2015,23(4):78-83,91

采用不同浓度Fe3+-EDTA(0、10、50、100、250、500μmol/L)处理2叶1心去胚乳的正红505玉米幼苗,16 d后测定其株高、茎粗、叶面积、根长、根体积、根鲜重、茎叶鲜重、叶绿素、活性铁含量等玉米生长发育指标,利用DPSv7.05统计分析软件进行统计分析。结果表明,低浓度供Fe3+抑制玉米地上部的生长,高浓度供Fe3+则明显抑制地下部的生长;正红505玉米苗期生长的最为适宜的供Fe3+浓度为100μmol/L。叶片活性铁和叶绿素含量均随供铁浓度增加而增加,二者相关性达到极显著水平,与供铁浓度符合逻辑斯蒂函数模型,并且与植株生长状态(株高、茎粗、叶面积、茎叶重量等)相关性也达到显著水平。活性铁含量和叶绿素含量可作为玉米早期潜在性缺铁诊断的综合指标。  相似文献   

干旱胁迫下褪黑素对小麦幼苗生长、光合和抗氧化特性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

叶君  邓西平  王仕稳  殷俐娜  陈道钳  熊炳霖  王鑫月 《麦类作物学报》2015,35(9):1275-1283

为探究褪黑素对小麦幼苗抗旱性的调节作用,明确褪黑素提高小麦抗旱能力的作用途径,以小麦水地品种西农9871为材料,通过盆栽试验,分析了干旱胁迫下根施褪黑素（100 μmol·L^-1）对小麦幼苗生长、光合特性及活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫抑制了小麦的生长,降低了叶片叶绿素含量、气孔导度、净光合速率及PSⅡ最大光化学效率,导致过氧化氢（H₂O₂）与丙二醛（MDA）积累增加及抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂含量升高。在干旱胁迫下根施褪黑素可增加小麦幼苗的生物量和根冠比,维持较高的相对叶片含水量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率及光化学效率,并进一步提高过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及抗坏血酸（ASA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量,减少了H₂O₂ 与MDA的积累。复水后,根施褪黑素处理的小麦幼苗生长表现出较快的恢复能力。以上结果说明,在干旱胁迫下,褪黑素通过增加根冠比,促进水分吸收,改善叶片的水分状况,并通过增强抗氧化能力,减轻氧化伤害。褪黑素处理的植株表现出较好的水分状况和较轻的氧化伤害,有利于其维持较高的光合能力,从而提高小麦幼苗的抗旱性及恢复生长的能力。  相似文献   

Changes in gene expression profiles as they relate to the adult plant leaf rust resistance in the wheat cv. Toropi     

《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2015

  相似文献   

Ulvan-induced resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana against Alternaria brassicicola requires reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidase     

《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2015

The present work aimed to study the role of reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidase in the ulvan-induced resistance against Alternaria brassicicola in Arabidopsis thaliana. Foliar spraying of ulvan, a water-soluble algal polysaccharide, reduced the colonization of host tissues and, consequently, the severity of A. brassicicola by 90% in both wild type and AtrbohF plants, and it increased NADPH oxidase activity and hydrogen peroxide levels. Ulvan also tended to enhance the activity of enzymes related to the removal of reactive oxygen species (APX, GSR, CAT and SOD) suggesting a tight control of the antioxidant system. Ulvan did not protect the AtrbohD mutant as well as wild type plants previously infiltrated with diphenyleneiodonium, both impaired in NADPH oxidase activity and hydrogen peroxide accumulation. Based on our results and those available in the literature, we propose a general model for ulvan-induced defense responses in plant tissues. Collectively, our results suggest that ulvan-induced resistance in A. thaliana against A. brassicicola requires reactive oxygen species derived from the respiratory burst oxidase homologue D (RBOHD) NADPH oxidase.  相似文献   

Differential abundance of proteins in response to Beet necrotic yellow vein virus during compatible and incompatible interactions in sugar beet containing Rz1 or Rz2     

《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2015

Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), is an important disease affecting sugar beet. Control is achieved through planting of resistant varieties; however, following the introduction of Rz1, new pathotypes that overcome resistance have appeared. To understand how BNYVV overcomes resistance, we examined quantitative protein differences during compatible and incompatible interactions when sugar beet is infected with either a traditional A-type strain or with an Rz1 resistance breaking strain. Proteomic data suggest distinct biochemical pathways are induced during compatible and incompatible sugar beet interactions with BNYVV. Pathways including the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, UB/proteasome, and photosynthesis should be studied in more depth to characterize roles in symptom development.  相似文献   

LC-MS-Based Metabolomics Study of Marine Bacterial Secondary Metabolite and Antibiotic Production in Salinispora arenicola     

Utpal Bose  Amitha K. Hewavitharana  Yi Kai Ng  Paul Nicholas Shaw  John A. Fuerst  Mark P. Hodson 《Marine drugs》2015,13(1):249-266

An LC-MS-based metabolomics approach was used to characterise the variation in secondary metabolite production due to changes in the salt content of the growth media as well as across different growth periods (incubation times). We used metabolomics as a tool to investigate the production of rifamycins (antibiotics) and other secondary metabolites in the obligate marine actinobacterial species Salinispora arenicola, isolated from Great Barrier Reef (GBR) sponges, at two defined salt concentrations and over three different incubation periods. The results indicated that a 14 day incubation period is optimal for the maximum production of rifamycin B, whereas rifamycin S and W achieve their maximum concentration at 29 days. A “chemical profile” link between the days of incubation and the salt concentration of the growth medium was shown to exist and reliably represents a critical point for selection of growth medium and harvest time.  相似文献   

临界氮浓度稀释模型在牧草种子生产中的应用前景     

陈玲玲  毛培胜  王明亚  汪辉  郑慧敏  陈泉竹  闫慧芳 《草地学报》2015,23(2):231-236

氮素是影响牧草种子产量的关键因素,氮素对于植株分蘖、干物质生产、花序形成、产量组分动态变化等均具有影响.文章主要从临界氮浓度稀释模型的概念、构建方法、研究现状、应用等方面进行了综述,提出临界氮浓度稀释模型在实际生产中应用时存在的问题,并对其在牧草种子生产中的应用前景进行了展望.  相似文献   

大型海藻养殖对水体DO含量的影响     

权伟  应苗苗 《中国农学通报》2015,31(5):59-62

为了解大型海藻养殖对海水DO含量的影响,明确其在光照、黑暗及光暗交替条件下海水DO含量的变化过程。笔者将取自温州洞头近海养殖的鼠尾藻、羊栖菜带至实验室内进行养殖实验,设置光照（2、6、12 h）、黑暗（2、6、12 h）、光暗交替（1 h 1 h、6 h 6 h、12 h 12 h）处理,测定养殖水体DO含量,对其产氧速率、耗氧速率等进行分析。结果表明：随着光照时间的延长,鼠尾藻、羊栖菜产氧速率都逐渐下降,鼠尾藻的产氧速率比羊栖菜高（P<0.05）;黑暗条件下,鼠尾藻耗氧速率在6 h时达最高288.02 mg/kg DW?h,羊栖菜耗氧速率在2 h时达最高207.46 mg/kg DW?h,鼠尾藻的耗氧速率比羊栖菜高;光暗交替下鼠尾藻的净产氧速率先急剧降低后缓慢升高,短光暗交替周期（1 h 1 h）时净产氧速率最高457.08 mg/kg DW?h。羊栖菜净产氧速率先升高后降低,在中光暗交替周期（6 h 6 h）时最高64.04 mg/kg DW?h。大型海藻养殖时随着光暗环境的交替进行,不断发生着光合产氧、暗呼吸耗氧的转换,总体而言海藻养殖提高了水体DO含量。大型海藻养殖的生态、社会价值显著,建议大力推广  相似文献