外包滤料对暗管排水与土壤脱盐效果的影响     

王文旭  杨树青  胡玲玲  张万锋 《排灌机械工程学报》2023,41(4):425-432

为了探究不同外包滤料条件下的暗管排水性能和土壤脱盐效果,基于室内试验研究成果,在田间设置4种暗管排水系统(各系统中暗管埋深均为80 cm,间距均为20 m),所用外包滤料分别为68 g/m²土工布(L)、砂滤料(S)、68 g/m²土工布+砂滤料(LS)和无外包滤料(W),以当地常规明沟排水(CK)作为对照,通过田间试验分析了春灌过程中各暗管系统的排水性能指标及土壤脱盐效率.结果表明:相比处理W,处理L,S和LS平均排水速率提升了7.44%,12.55%和15.75%,平均流量衰减度降低4.07%;处理S和LS累积排水量提高了5.11%和8.31%(P<0.05).各暗管处理春灌后平均土壤脱盐率均达47%以上,较CK提升显著,其中处理LS效果最优,为50.94%.综上,应优先选择处理LS作为河套灌区暗管排水系统外包滤料布设方案.该研究结果可为河套灌区暗管排盐技术的推广应用提供理论支撑和科学指导.  相似文献   

基于高光谱遥感和集成学习方法的冬小麦产量估测研究     

费帅鹏  禹小龙  兰铭  李雷  夏先春  何中虎  肖永贵 《中国农业科学》2021,54(16):3417-3427

【目的】利用2种灌溉处理下不同发育阶段的冬小麦冠层高光谱信息,通过机器学习方法对小麦籽粒产量进行估测精度研究,明确产量最佳估测模型,对于育种工作有着重要应用价值。【方法】以黄淮麦区207个主栽小麦品种为材料,于2018—2019和2019—2020年度连续2个生长季在河南省新乡基地的正常灌溉和节水处理下种植,并调查开花期、灌浆前期和灌浆中期的冠层高光谱数据,分别以6种机器学习方法和集成方法建立光谱指数产量估测模型。【结果】2种灌溉处理下,3个生育期各光谱指数均与产量呈极显著相关（P<0.0001）,且表现出较高的遗传力（0.61-0.85）,主要受遗传因素控制。在正常灌溉处理下,与传统机器学习方法表现最佳的模型相比,集成学习方法在3个生育期的平均决定系数(R²) 分别由0.610、0.611和0.640提高至0.649、0.612和0.675,平均均方根误差 (RMSE) 分别降低至0.607、0.612和0.593 t·hm^-2;节水处理下,3个生育期的平均R²分别由0.461、0.408和0.452提高至0.467、0.433和0.498,平均RMSE分别降低至0.519、0.559和0.504 t·hm^-2。【结论】利用集成方法将不同模型估测结果进行结合,能够有效地提高产量估测精度,2种灌溉处理下均在灌浆中期估测精度最佳,可为冬小麦育种工作中产量估测提供参考。  相似文献   

The effect of gas to liquid ratio on carbon dioxide removal and heat loss across a forced ventilated trickling filter     

《Aquacultural Engineering》2020

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Feeding has the largest effect on the ammonia excretion rate of the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, and the western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus     

B. J. Crear  G. N. R. Forteath 《Aquacultural Engineering》2002,26(4):239-250

The total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion of spiny lobsters Jasus edwardsii and Panulirus cygnus, was determined in relation to temperature, body weight, emersion, daily rhythm and feeding. Temperature and body weight had large influences on the rate of TAN excretion. Exponential relationships were found between temperature (T) and TAN excretion of both species. These were described by the following equations: J. edwardsii Log₁₀ TAN=0.041T−3.57 (r²=0.979, F=143.2, P=0.001), P. cygnus Log₁₀ TAN=0.057T−3.90 (r²=0.987, F=302.2, P<0.001). TAN excretions of both species were positively correlated to body weight (W), and the relationships were described by the following equations: J. edwardsii Log₁₀ TAN=0.473 log₁₀ W−1.704 (r²=0.42, F=14.05, P=0.001), P. cygnus Log₁₀ TAN=0.499 log₁₀ W−1.346 (r²=0.69, F=44.18, P<0.001). TAN excretion increased significantly when lobsters were re-immersed after a 30 min period of emersion. However, it returned to pre-emersion levels by the second hour of re-immersion. Daily rhythm resulted in a significantly higher nocturnal TAN excretion rate for J. edwardsii; no daily rhythm was observed for P. cygnus. Feeding had the largest influence on TAN excretion, with maximum increases of 6.28 (J. edwardsii) and 5.60 (P. cygnus) times the pre-feeding level. TAN excretion rates remained significantly higher than the pre-feeding levels for an extended period (26 h, J. edwardsii; 30 h, P. cygnus). Implications for the use of purging tanks in lobster holding facilities and for the design of biofiltration systems are discussed.  相似文献   

A model ensemble approach to determine the humus building efficiency of organic amendments in incubation experiments     

Anton A. Gasser  Julius Diel  Kerstin Nielsen  Paul Mewes  Christof Engels  Uwe Franko 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):179-190

Organic amendments are important to sustain soil organic matter (SOM) and soil functions in agricultural soils. Information about the contribution of organic amendments to SOM can be derived from incubation experiments. In this study, data from 72 incubated organic amendments including plant residues, digestates and manure were analysed. The incubation data was compiled from three experimental setups with varying incubation times, soils and incubation temperatures, in which CO₂ release was measured continuously. The analysis of the incubation data was performed with an approach relying on conceptual parts of C-TOOL, CCB, Century, ICBM, RothC and Yasso which are all well-approved first-order carbon models that differ in structure and abstraction level. All models are an approximation of reality, whereby each model differs in understanding of the processes involved in soil carbon dynamics. To accumulate the advantages from each model a model ensemble was performed for each substrate. With the ability of each carbon model to compute the distribution of carbon into specific SOM pools a new approach for evaluating organic amendments in terms of humus building efficiency is presented that, depends on the weighted model fit of each ensemble member. Depending on the organic substrate added to the soil, the time course of CO₂ release in the incubation studies was predicted with different accuracy by the individual model concepts. Averaging the output of the individual models leads to more robust prediction of SOM dynamics. The E_HUM value is easy to interpret and the results are in accordance with the literature.  相似文献   

基于两级选择性聚类集成的农用地整治时空配置分区     

张雅杰  靳铭  张丰  孔雪松 《农业工程学报》2022,38(9):268-276

针对传统聚类算法易陷入局部最优、不兼顾地理空间的问题,该研究以湖南省怀化市为例,从生态敏感性、用地适宜性与整治迫切性3个维度建立分区评价指标体系,应用一种基于混合距离,同时具有聚类方案质量识别功能的两级选择性聚类集成方法对怀化市农用地整治进行时空配置。通过聚类运算,将怀化市300个聚类单元划分为：近期重点整治区、近期适度整治区、中期重点整治区、中期适度整治区和远期限制整治区5个类型,面积比例分别为9.05%、30.48%、22.58%、7.33%、30.56%,符合怀化现状条件;相较于传统聚类方法,两级选择性聚类集成方法具有聚类质量识别与兼顾地理空间的优势,且更适用聚类单元较多、属性空间复杂的情况。研究结果在客观上为未来土地整治工作与聚类方法的创新提供了可供借鉴的思路。  相似文献   

植被缓冲带对地表径流阻控效果调查及模拟     

张禹洋  聂世豪  蔡国强  孙政  宗全利 《水土保持研究》2022,29(2):36-42

为了定量分析和评价植被缓冲带对地表径流的阻控效果,对大沽河流域两岸典型植被进行了现场调查及取样,并利用VFSMOD模型初步探讨了植被缓冲带的作用。根据实地调查,获得了大沽河8个典型位置的缓冲带参数。结果表明:大沽河流域植被缓冲带主要由杨树、松树等高大乔木,罗布麻、碱蓬等灌木植物和结缕草、野艾蒿等草本植物组成; 这些植被对地表覆盖度较高,可有效地拦截泥沙、增加地表粗糙度,对地表径流具有良好的阻控效果。利用VFSMOD模型对北岔河村、仁兆镇拦河闸、程家小里村和后路家村4个缓冲带的地表径流阻控效果进行了模拟,结果表明:4处植被缓冲带分别可以拦截0.8,0.7,0.7,0.4 mm/min以下降雨强度产生的地表径流; 在植被缓冲带宽度和源区宽度同时变化的情况下,4处植被缓冲带宽度分别达到8,20,1,5 m时,对泥沙拦截率达到0.95以上。因此,大沽河两岸现存植被缓冲带可以对泥沙起到较好的阻控作用。  相似文献   

有源电力滤波器数字控制系统设计与数字锁相算法实现     

周卫平  孙东亮  师维  杨宣访  吴正国 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,(2):15-18

秦典籍少有对圭的形制的描述,后世所见多是历代学者根据典籍及传世品加以想象绘制而成。近代考古学传入中国后,大量出土资料为圭形制的研究提供了科学依据。通过考古研究发现流行于西周的玉柄形器的功能应为某种仪仗类用玉,代表使用者的权力、身份或地位等,应为典籍所载“圭”类瑞玉之一。而盛行于西周的组合玉柄形器无论从尺寸、镶嵌,还是外部鞘饰看都与《考工记·玉人》所记载"命圭"十分吻合。  相似文献   

无传感器式交流电动助力转向系统直接转矩控制     

郑太雄  周花  古宏鸣 《农业机械学报》2014,45(3):7-12

永磁同步电动机驱动的电动助力转向系统已成为发展方向,为适应交流电动机特点,基于模糊规则的助力-回正特性,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波估算定子磁链与位置,利用直接转矩控制算法对助力电动机进行控制,以提高电动机响应速度与精度。参照国标对该系统的转向轻便性与回正性能进行了仿真,结果表明提出的系统在电动机助力后转向效果明显,方向盘平均操作转矩减小45%,转向轮回正时间缩短了50%。台架试验结果显示,系统动态响应快,能够很好地完成助力控制目标。  相似文献   

抽屉式生物滤器净化效果   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

张东升  吴垠  张锡  叶菲  孙建明  朱莹 《农业工程学报》2010,26(1):278-281

以浸没式生物滤器为对照,研究了抽屉式生物滤器对循环养殖水的净化效果和不同氧含量对NH4-N、NO2-N、化学需氧量（COD）、异养菌、弧菌去除率的影响。结果表明：抽屉式生物滤器单位体积对NH4-N、NO2-N、COD、异养菌、弧菌的去除率均显著高于浸没式生物滤器,前者分别是后者的2.68、7.37、3.33、24.87、46.67倍;高溶氧对生物滤器NH4-N、NO2-N、COD、异养菌的去除率显著高于低溶氧条件下的去除率,高溶氧可维持养殖系统较低的NH4-N、NO2-N、COD、弧菌数量。在抽屉式循环系统预计最大养殖密度下,养鱼池水质良好,NH4-N质量浓度＜0.2 mg/L,NO2-N质量浓度＜0.4 mg/L,鱼成活率高于98%。该试验表明：抽屉式生物滤器是一种易冲洗、占地面积小、净化效率高的生物滤器;高溶氧能提高鱼类生长率、生物滤器净化率和抑制弧菌的生长。  相似文献