The effect of gas to liquid ratio on carbon dioxide removal and heat loss across a forced ventilated trickling filter     

《Aquacultural Engineering》2020

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Feeding has the largest effect on the ammonia excretion rate of the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, and the western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus     

B. J. Crear  G. N. R. Forteath 《Aquacultural Engineering》2002,26(4):239-250

The total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion of spiny lobsters Jasus edwardsii and Panulirus cygnus, was determined in relation to temperature, body weight, emersion, daily rhythm and feeding. Temperature and body weight had large influences on the rate of TAN excretion. Exponential relationships were found between temperature (T) and TAN excretion of both species. These were described by the following equations: J. edwardsii Log₁₀ TAN=0.041T−3.57 (r²=0.979, F=143.2, P=0.001), P. cygnus Log₁₀ TAN=0.057T−3.90 (r²=0.987, F=302.2, P<0.001). TAN excretions of both species were positively correlated to body weight (W), and the relationships were described by the following equations: J. edwardsii Log₁₀ TAN=0.473 log₁₀ W−1.704 (r²=0.42, F=14.05, P=0.001), P. cygnus Log₁₀ TAN=0.499 log₁₀ W−1.346 (r²=0.69, F=44.18, P<0.001). TAN excretion increased significantly when lobsters were re-immersed after a 30 min period of emersion. However, it returned to pre-emersion levels by the second hour of re-immersion. Daily rhythm resulted in a significantly higher nocturnal TAN excretion rate for J. edwardsii; no daily rhythm was observed for P. cygnus. Feeding had the largest influence on TAN excretion, with maximum increases of 6.28 (J. edwardsii) and 5.60 (P. cygnus) times the pre-feeding level. TAN excretion rates remained significantly higher than the pre-feeding levels for an extended period (26 h, J. edwardsii; 30 h, P. cygnus). Implications for the use of purging tanks in lobster holding facilities and for the design of biofiltration systems are discussed.  相似文献   

A model ensemble approach to determine the humus building efficiency of organic amendments in incubation experiments     

Anton A. Gasser  Julius Diel  Kerstin Nielsen  Paul Mewes  Christof Engels  Uwe Franko 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):179-190

Organic amendments are important to sustain soil organic matter (SOM) and soil functions in agricultural soils. Information about the contribution of organic amendments to SOM can be derived from incubation experiments. In this study, data from 72 incubated organic amendments including plant residues, digestates and manure were analysed. The incubation data was compiled from three experimental setups with varying incubation times, soils and incubation temperatures, in which CO₂ release was measured continuously. The analysis of the incubation data was performed with an approach relying on conceptual parts of C-TOOL, CCB, Century, ICBM, RothC and Yasso which are all well-approved first-order carbon models that differ in structure and abstraction level. All models are an approximation of reality, whereby each model differs in understanding of the processes involved in soil carbon dynamics. To accumulate the advantages from each model a model ensemble was performed for each substrate. With the ability of each carbon model to compute the distribution of carbon into specific SOM pools a new approach for evaluating organic amendments in terms of humus building efficiency is presented that, depends on the weighted model fit of each ensemble member. Depending on the organic substrate added to the soil, the time course of CO₂ release in the incubation studies was predicted with different accuracy by the individual model concepts. Averaging the output of the individual models leads to more robust prediction of SOM dynamics. The E_HUM value is easy to interpret and the results are in accordance with the literature.  相似文献   

基于两级选择性聚类集成的农用地整治时空配置分区     

张雅杰  靳铭  张丰  孔雪松 《农业工程学报》2022,38(9):268-276

针对传统聚类算法易陷入局部最优、不兼顾地理空间的问题,该研究以湖南省怀化市为例,从生态敏感性、用地适宜性与整治迫切性3个维度建立分区评价指标体系,应用一种基于混合距离,同时具有聚类方案质量识别功能的两级选择性聚类集成方法对怀化市农用地整治进行时空配置。通过聚类运算,将怀化市300个聚类单元划分为：近期重点整治区、近期适度整治区、中期重点整治区、中期适度整治区和远期限制整治区5个类型,面积比例分别为9.05%、30.48%、22.58%、7.33%、30.56%,符合怀化现状条件;相较于传统聚类方法,两级选择性聚类集成方法具有聚类质量识别与兼顾地理空间的优势,且更适用聚类单元较多、属性空间复杂的情况。研究结果在客观上为未来土地整治工作与聚类方法的创新提供了可供借鉴的思路。  相似文献   

有源电力滤波器数字控制系统设计与数字锁相算法实现     

周卫平  孙东亮  师维  杨宣访  吴正国 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,(2):15-18

秦典籍少有对圭的形制的描述,后世所见多是历代学者根据典籍及传世品加以想象绘制而成。近代考古学传入中国后,大量出土资料为圭形制的研究提供了科学依据。通过考古研究发现流行于西周的玉柄形器的功能应为某种仪仗类用玉,代表使用者的权力、身份或地位等,应为典籍所载“圭”类瑞玉之一。而盛行于西周的组合玉柄形器无论从尺寸、镶嵌,还是外部鞘饰看都与《考工记·玉人》所记载"命圭"十分吻合。  相似文献   

无传感器式交流电动助力转向系统直接转矩控制     

郑太雄  周花  古宏鸣 《农业机械学报》2014,45(3):7-12

永磁同步电动机驱动的电动助力转向系统已成为发展方向,为适应交流电动机特点,基于模糊规则的助力-回正特性,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波估算定子磁链与位置,利用直接转矩控制算法对助力电动机进行控制,以提高电动机响应速度与精度。参照国标对该系统的转向轻便性与回正性能进行了仿真,结果表明提出的系统在电动机助力后转向效果明显,方向盘平均操作转矩减小45%,转向轮回正时间缩短了50%。台架试验结果显示,系统动态响应快,能够很好地完成助力控制目标。  相似文献   

抽屉式生物滤器净化效果   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

张东升  吴垠  张锡  叶菲  孙建明  朱莹 《农业工程学报》2010,26(1):278-281

以浸没式生物滤器为对照,研究了抽屉式生物滤器对循环养殖水的净化效果和不同氧含量对NH4-N、NO2-N、化学需氧量（COD）、异养菌、弧菌去除率的影响。结果表明：抽屉式生物滤器单位体积对NH4-N、NO2-N、COD、异养菌、弧菌的去除率均显著高于浸没式生物滤器,前者分别是后者的2.68、7.37、3.33、24.87、46.67倍;高溶氧对生物滤器NH4-N、NO2-N、COD、异养菌的去除率显著高于低溶氧条件下的去除率,高溶氧可维持养殖系统较低的NH4-N、NO2-N、COD、弧菌数量。在抽屉式循环系统预计最大养殖密度下,养鱼池水质良好,NH4-N质量浓度＜0.2 mg/L,NO2-N质量浓度＜0.4 mg/L,鱼成活率高于98%。该试验表明：抽屉式生物滤器是一种易冲洗、占地面积小、净化效率高的生物滤器;高溶氧能提高鱼类生长率、生物滤器净化率和抑制弧菌的生长。  相似文献   

拖拉机旋流管式拔尘空滤系统设计     

刘玉亭  张玲  昌旭光 《拖拉机与农用运输车》2011,38(2):83-84

根据市场反馈的问题结合试验结果,对发动机空滤进气系统进行了改进设计,通过利用排气管废气压力,设计了使用旋流管式拔尘的进气结构,从而有效提高了空滤效果。对我公司TL拖拉机使用的该新型进气系统结构的设计进行简要介绍。  相似文献   

Can conservation tillage mitigate climate change impacts in Mediterranean cereal systems? A soil organic carbon assessment using long term experiments     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2017

Simulation models, informed and validated with datasets from long term experiments (LTEs), are considered useful tools to explore the effects of different management strategies on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and evaluate suitable mitigative options for climate change. But, while there are several studies which assessed a better prediction of crop yields using an ensemble of models, no studies are currently available on the evaluation of a model ensemble on SOC stocks. In this study we assessed the advantages of using an ensemble of crop models (APSIM-NWheat, DSSAT, EPIC, SALUS), calibrated and validated with datasets from LTEs, to estimate SOC dynamics. Then we used the mean of the model ensemble to assess the impacts of climate change on SOC stocks under conventional (CT) and conservation tillage practices (NT: No Till; RT: Reduced Tillage). The assessment was completed for two long-term experiment sites (Agugliano – AN and Pisa – PI2 sites) in Italy under rainfed conditions. A durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) – maize (Zea mays L.) rotation system was evaluated under two different climate scenarios over the periods 1971–2000 (CP: Present Climate) and 2021–2050 (CF: Future Climate), generated by setting up a statistical model based on canonical correlation analysis. Our study showed a decrease of SOC stocks in both sites and tillage systems over CF when compared with CP. At the AN site, CT lost −7.3% and NT −7.9% of SOC stock (0–40 cm) under CF. At the PI2 site, CT lost −4.4% and RT −5.3% of SOC stocks (0–40 cm). Even if conservation tillage systems were more impacted under future scenarios, they were still able to store more SOC than CT, so that these practices can be considered viable options to mitigate climate change. Furthermore, at the AN site, under CF, NT demonstrated an annual increase of 0.4%, the target value suggested by the 4 per thousand initiative launched at the 21st meeting of the Conference of the Parties in Paris. However, RT at the PI2 needs to be coupled with other management strategies, as the introduction of cover crops, to achieve such target.  相似文献   

基于双输出电流传输器的模拟浮地电感     

邓晓  湛春晖 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,30(6)

由于电感不易集成，利用有源器件模拟电感一直是研究的热点．本文提出了一种新的模拟浮地电感，分析了该电感在理想情况和考虑有源器件非理想特性情况下的电感值，并把它应用到椭圆滤波器中．PSPICE仿真证实了此模拟浮地电感符合设计要求．该电感仅由2个第二代正电流传输器(简称CCⅡ )，1个双输出电流传输器(简称DOCCⅡ)和2个电阻，1个电容组成，结构简单；电感值可由无源元件参数控制．  相似文献