有机溶剂萃取与SPME提取的玫瑰水挥发性成分对比分析     

宋婉瑶  刘玉亮  姚雷 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2016,(4):57-64

玫瑰水(rose water)是玫瑰精油生产过程中的一种副产品,因其成分天然、香气怡人,以及补充皮肤水分和缓解皮肤衰老的功效,而被广泛地应用于食品、化妆品和护肤品中。为了探索玫瑰水挥发性成分分析的科学方法,采用有机溶剂萃取和固相微萃取(SPME)2种方法萃取2种国产玫瑰水中的挥发性成分。气相色谱质谱仪(GC/MS)分析表明,固相微萃取法萃取得到的2种玫瑰水中的香气成分种类(分别为31种和28种)明显多于有机溶剂萃取法萃取出的香气成分种类(分别为23种和21种),前者可以更全面地反应玫瑰水的香气成分构成,能有效地萃取玫瑰水香气成分中沸点较低、易挥发或是化学性质活泼的萜烯类、醚类和硫醚类化合物;且与有机溶剂萃取法相比,操作简单,省时。  相似文献   

响应面法优化海洋沉积物微生物总DNA提取方法     

郭瑞  赵新强  于翠芳  张名爱  程凡升 《青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(3)

海洋沉积物中的微生物是自然界生态系统中不可或缺的组分,在维持环境与海洋生态平衡方面发挥着重要作用.在海洋沉积物微生物的研究中,细胞裂解率低、片段不够完整等问题导致无法高效地提取微生物的总DNA片段.本实验采用响应面分析法对CTAB-SDS-冻融DNA提取法进行优化.根据单因素的实验结果,选取溶菌酶含量、65℃水浴时间、蛋白酶K含量作为影响因子,利用Box-Behnken进行实验设计,将DNA浓度作为响应值,进行DNA提取方法的响应面优化实验.结果发现:当溶菌酶含量为1.13 mg/mL、65℃水浴时间为100 min、蛋白酶K含量为0.21 mg/mL时,DNA提取效果达到最好.验证实验表明:优化后提取DNA的实际值与理论值相近,具有可行性,优化后提取的DNA片段在纯度、浓度方面高于优化之前.  相似文献   

香蕉假茎精油成分的GC-MS分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

邱海燕  刘奎  付步礼  唐良德  张瑞敏  谢艺贤  骆焱平 《热带生物学报》2016,(2):274-278

采用CO_2超临界萃取法和GC-MS技术,对香蕉假茎精油的化学成分进行了鉴定,并用峰面积归一化法确定了各成分的相对百分含量。结果表明:在鲜、干香蕉假茎精油中分别检测到13种和20种成分,其中二十烷、棕榈酸甲酯、三十四烷、3-乙基-5-(2-乙基丁基)-十八烷、豆甾醇和3-羟基螺甾-8-烯-11-酮为相同成分,但含量不同。香蕉鲜假茎精油成分以烷烃类为主,其次为酮类、酯类和醇类;干假茎精油也以烷烃类为主,其次为酯类、酮类和醇类,另外,还含有少量的烷酸、烯烃类、醚类、醛类和杂环类化合物。  相似文献   

3种木香多糖提取方法的比较          下载免费PDF全文

张静  张杰  郭冬琴  丁博  周浓  韩志义 《南方农业学报》2016,47(5):700-704

[目的]比较回流提取法、热水浸提法和超声波辅助提取法对木香多糖提取效果的影响,为木香多糖的开发利用提供参考依据.[方法]以木香根为原料,通过正交试验考察料液比、提取时间、提取温度和提取次数对多糖提取量的影响,采用蒽酮—硫酸法测定木香多糖含量,并对回流提取、热水浸提和超声波辅助提取3种提取方法的最佳提取条件和提取量进行比较.[结果]回流提取法的优化条件:在料液比1∶40、85℃水浴条件下提取3次,每次提取2.5h,多糖提取量11.445 mg/g,以提取次数和料液比对木香多糖提取量的影响显著(P<0.05,下同);热水浸提法的优化条件为:在料液比1∶120、85℃水浴条件下提取2次,每次提取2.0 h,多糖提取量为10.804 mg/g,以提取温度和提取时间对木香多糖提取量的影响显著;超声波辅助提取法的优化条件:在料液比1∶10、50℃超声波辅助(超声功率300 W,工作频率40 kHz)条件下提取2次,每次提取2.5 h,多糖提取量为10.718 mg/g,以提取时间和提取温度对木香多糖提取量的影响显著.[结论]3种提取方法对木香多糖提取量有明显影响,综合考虑,回流提取法成本较低、操作简便,适用于工业化生产,而超声波辅助提取法能耗低、提取效率较高,可作为实验室科学研究的首选方法.  相似文献   

用3种方法提取中华绒螯蟹卵巢总蛋白效果的比较     

梁箫  张显  闫应朋  刘志强  邱高峰 《大连海洋大学学报》2016,(2):190-193

为了探寻适于中华绒螯蟹Eriocheir sinensis卵巢蛋白质组学研究的总蛋白最佳提取方法,采用RC DC Protein Assay检测蛋白浓度、SDS-PAGE分析蛋白组成等,比较分析了用裂解液法Ⅰ、裂解液法Ⅱ和TCA/丙酮沉淀法提取中华绒螯蟹卵巢蛋白的效果。结果表明:应用3种方法提取的卵巢总蛋白浓度分别为15.59、13.05、0.65 mg/m L,用裂解液法提取的效果最佳,而TCA/丙酮沉淀法不适合用于中华绒螯蟹卵巢总蛋白的提取;SDS-PAGE电泳图谱进一步显示,用裂解液法Ⅱ提取的蛋白样品组成较为丰富,且重复性好,比较适合后续蛋白质组学研究。该研究结果可为中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育蛋白质组学研究提供参考。  相似文献   

Visualization of amino acid composition differences between processed protein from different animal species by self-organizing feature maps     

Xingfan ZHOU  Zengling YANG  Longjian CHEN  Lujia HAN 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2016,3(2):171

Amino acids are the dominant organic components of processed animal proteins, however there has been limited investigation of differences in their composition between various protein sources. Information on these differences will not only be helpful for their further utilization but also provide fundamental information for developing species-specific identification methods. In this study, self-organizing feature maps (SOFM) were used to visualize amino acid composition of fish meal, and meat and bone meal (MBM) produced from poultry, ruminants and swine. SOFM display the similarities and differences in amino acid composition between protein sources and effectively improve data transparency. Amino acid composition was shown to be useful for distinguishing fish meal from MBM due to their large concentration differences between glycine, lysine and proline. However, the amino acid composition of the three MBMs was quite similar. The SOFM results were consistent with those obtained by analysis of variance and principal component analysis but more straightforward. SOFM was shown to have a robust sample linkage capacity and to be able to act as a powerful means to link different sample for further data mining.  相似文献   

Functionality and characterization of kafirin-rich protein extracts from different whole and decorticated sorghum genotypes     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2016

The study of food-grade isolated kafirin proteins has increased recently due to the interest of their potential applications in gluten-free products. However, functionality of extracted proteins and fractions have been poorly characterized. In this investigation, kafirins were extracted from whole or decorticated sorghum genotypes (white-regular, white-waxy, red-regular and high-tannin) with 70% aqueous ethanol with metabisulfite. Chemical composition, color parameters, functionality and molecular characterization of kafirin extracts were determined. When kafirin extracts were obtained from decorticated sorghums, higher protein purities (81.5–93.3%), lower lipid contents (1.9–12.6%), better color parameters, and higher yields were obtained compared to counterparts extracted from whole caryopses. Functional properties of the extracted kafirins showed low water solubility, free amino nitrogen, and emulsifying activity, but adequate water holding and fat absorption capacities and in vitro protein digestibility. Differences in functionality were attributed to sorghum genotype. SDS-PAGE showed extraction of α₁-, α₂-, β-, and γ-kafirins with no contamination of other protein fractions. FTIR indicated a reduction in α-helix:β-sheet after extraction, especially in proteins obtained from decorticated sorghums. High correlations found from Pearson analysis could be used to optimize protein yield and the functionality (emulsifying activity and solubility) of the extracted proteins to be applied in gluten-free food systems.  相似文献   

香蕉茎秆单宁酸提取纯化及其抗氧化性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐树英  谭蔚  张玉苍 《热带作物学报》2016,37(8):1567-1574

以香蕉茎秆为原料,采用溶剂提取法进行单宁酸提取,在单因素试验设计的基础上,通过正交试验优化香蕉茎秆单宁酸提取工艺,采用大孔树脂吸附技术对粗提物进行分离纯化。纯化物采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)测定其官能团,通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定纯化物的分子量及分子量分布。通过测定其清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的能力,考察香蕉茎秆单宁酸的抗氧化性。结果表明:香蕉茎秆单宁酸最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度50%,提取时间90 min,料液比1∶11,提取温度50℃,在此条件下单宁酸提取量为17.9 mg/g。纯化工艺为:5 mg/m L上样,流速为1.5 m L/min过AB-8型大孔树脂柱,最后用60%乙醇洗脱。FTIR结果表明,该纯化物为多羟基酚酯类化合物;GPC结果显示香蕉茎秆单宁酸分子质量在3.43×10~4~4.43×10~4之间。经过DPPH法测出样品浓度达到0.6 mg/m L时,其DPPH自由基清除率为86.59%。  相似文献   

亚临界流体萃取高良姜活性物质的工艺研究     

袁源  谭树荣  李敏  付云飞  黄晓兵  林丽静 《热带作物学报》2016,(4):19-21

采用亚临界流体萃取技术提取高良姜粗提物,所得粗提物再经分子蒸馏技术获得精油和活性物质(以二苯基庚烷类物质为主)。通过气质联用技术及液质联用技术进行质量控制,结果表明：亚临界流体萃取技术所得挥发油提取率(1.513 %)高于传统水蒸气蒸馏法(0.802 %),其中指标成分1,8-桉叶素(0.170 6 %)约等于水蒸气蒸馏法所得(0.172 5 %),高于药典规定的0.15 %;亚临界流体萃取技术所得二苯基庚烷类物质约是常规工艺的4倍。该技术提取效率高,耗能少,开发前景广阔。  相似文献   

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定葵花籽中28种农药残留   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

韩梅  侯雪  郭灵安 《农药学学报》2016,18(1):93-100

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定葵花籽中咯菌腈、氯氰菊酯、异丙甲草胺等28种农药残留的方法。样品经乙腈提取,凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)及固相萃取(SPE)净化,GCMS/MS测定,多反应监测模式(MRM)分析,外标法定量。结果表明:采用凝胶渗透色谱及固相萃取净化可有效排除大部分干扰成分;在0.01~0.5 mg/L范围内,28种农药的峰面积与对应的质量浓度间呈良好的线性关系,决定系数R2>0.994;在50、100和200 μg/kg 3个添加水平下,各农药的平均回收率在74%~120%之间,相对标准偏差在0.9%~9.5% (n=5)之间,定量限在0.2~7.6 μg/kg之间。该方法灵敏、准确、可靠,能满足农药残留检测的要求,可用于监测葵花籽生产过程中的农药残留。  相似文献