目前我国森林环境价值评价的难点及对策     

廖显春 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,21(2):96-99

概述了目前我国森林环境价值评价的理论基础和评价方法，并对其难点进行了分析，阐述了构建我国特色的评价理论框架及评价体系的必要性，指出只有建立森林生态环境定位观测站及其动态监测体系，才能科学计量、评估森林生态环境价值.  相似文献   

森林枯落物的水文功能     

张维诗  金靖博  唐亚森 《林业勘查设计》2007,(3):35-36

从森林枯落物的蓄水量、雨水截留量、阻延径流流速、改善土壤结构、减沙减流作用5个方面,叙述了森林枯落物的水文功能,提出森林经营中,应采取措施,促进林分森林枯落物的积累。  相似文献   

森林经营对土壤动物影响研究进展     

田龙  扈梦梅  杨晋宇 《林业与生态科学》2021,36(1)

森林经营是实现森林可持续发展的根本途径,土壤动物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,可对森林经营及其带来的变化及时做出反应。为了探讨土壤动物对森林经营措施的响应,归纳总结了森林经营理念的发展以及森林经营对土壤动物影响的文献资料。结果表明森林经营主要通过对地上结构和微环境的改变对地下土壤动物的群落组成、分解功能及生物指示功能等方面产生影响。在今后研究中应加强森林经营对土壤动物连续长期的动态影响研究,同时利用现代研究技术与方法深入探讨森林经营对土壤动物影响的机制研究。  相似文献   

Accounting for uncertainty in pedotransfer functions in vulnerability assessments of pesticide leaching to groundwater   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stenemo F  Jarvis N 《Pest management science》2007,63(9):867-875

A simulation tool for site-specific vulnerability assessments of pesticide leaching to groundwater was developed, based on the pesticide fate and transport model MACRO, parameterized using pedotransfer functions and reasonable worst-case parameter values. The effects of uncertainty in the pedotransfer functions on simulation results were examined for 48 combinations of soils, pesticides and application timings, by sampling pedotransfer function regression errors and propagating them through the simulation model in a Monte Carlo analysis. An uncertainty factor, f(u), was derived, defined as the ratio between the concentration simulated with no errors, c(sim), and the 80th percentile concentration for the scenario. The pedotransfer function errors caused a large variation in simulation results, with f(u) ranging from 1.14 to 1440, with a median of 2.8. A non-linear relationship was found between f(u) and c(sim), which can be used to account for parameter uncertainty by correcting the simulated concentration, c(sim), to an estimated 80th percentile value. For fine-textured soils, the predictions were most sensitive to errors in the pedotransfer functions for two parameters regulating macropore flow (the saturated matrix hydraulic conductivity, K(b), and the effective diffusion pathlength, d) and two water retention function parameters (van Genuchten's N and alpha parameters). For coarse-textured soils, the model was also sensitive to errors in the exponent in the degradation water response function and the dispersivity, in addition to K(b), but showed little sensitivity to d. To reduce uncertainty in model predictions, improved pedotransfer functions for K(b), d, N and alpha would therefore be most useful.  相似文献   

红鲤4群体间红细胞免疫功能及其差异   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

蔡完其  轩兴荣 《中国水产科学》2003,10(2):133-136

应用红细胞C3b受体花环试验和红细胞天然免疫粘附肿瘤细胞花环试验方法，证实兴国红鲤(Cyprinuscarpio.var.singguonensis)、玻璃红鲤(C.carpio.var.wananensis)、荷包红鲤(C.carpio.var.wananensis)及瓯江彩鲤(C.carpio.var.color)的红细胞表面都存在C3b补体受体，均可形成花环；红鲤的红细胞免疫粘附能力存在着种群间差异，上述2种花环试验的花环率大小的顺序均是：兴国红鲤＞荷包红鲤＞瓯江彩鲤＞玻璃红鲤，差异都极显著(P＜0．01)；4群体红鲤的红细胞均具有吞噬作用。结果证实，鱼类红细胞免疫功能在机体防御病原的过程中占有重要地位。  相似文献   

Yield, growth and mortality rate of the Thai river sprat, Clupeichthys aesarnensis, in Sirinthorn Reservoir, Thailand     

T. Jutagate  S. S. De Silva  N. S. Mattson 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2003,10(4):221-231

The Thai river sprat, Clupeichthys aesarnensis Wongratana, is a clupeid with a short life span, and supports artisanal fisheries in a number of reservoirs in the Mekong Basin. The growth parameters, mortality rates and the status of the Thai river sprat in Sirinthorn Reservoir (28 800 ha), NE Thailand (15°N; 105°E), are presented. The fishery is based on lured lift‐nets, operated 7–14 days in the new moon period, September to April each year. It was shown that the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) model was L_t (mm) = 78.43[1 ? exp{?0.211[t ? (?0.7996)]}] and its growth conformed to an isometric pattern. Natural mortality rate (month^?1) was 0.13 month^?1. Total mortality rates ranged from 0.69 to 1.53 month^?1 depending on the weather and the fishing season. Recruitment was continuous throughout the year but peaked in June and July. The yield per recruit model indicated that the exploitation rate of this fishery is probably too high.  相似文献   

Developing scoring functions for soil quality to assess land suitability for irrigated wheat in Southern Algeria     

Adil Mihoub  Naima Koull  Samia Helimi  Mohammed Elhafed Kherraze  Sakher Mokhtari  Manuel Pulido Fernández 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):262-276

Efficient land-use management could be optimized through appropriate advice regarding land suitability and achieving a reasonable yield while preserving soil and environmental conditions. The main objective of this study was to determine and define those locations capable of wheat cultivation with irrigation in the municipality of N’goussa (Southern Algeria). Expert opinion (EO) method was used for selecting minimum soil data set (MDS_-EO), where six influencing soil properties (sand, pH, salinity, organic matter, gypsum and lime) and other three key parameters (slope, land use/land cover, and proximity to roads and electricity network) were considered important for irrigated wheat cultivation in the study area. Indicators were weighted according to principal component analysis (PCA) loadings and summed. PCA revealed that the selected nine indicators are appropriate for accounting 73.63% of the total variance. Two maps of land suitability were created here (expressed as a soil quality index within a range from 0 to 1) from multivariate analysis and already known standard scoring functions (SSFs) by using two data sets (pure and scored). The distribution of soil quality index (IQI) showed that above 70% of the land was moderately (MS) to highly suitable (HS) for irrigated wheat. The estimation accuracy of soil quality classes has been evaluated using random forests (RF), having as a dependent variable the final class of land suitability used in each map. It was determined that estimation accuracy could reach 60% (pure data set) and 65% (scored data set) at 0.5 cut-off value for soil quality classes. Final prioritizing according to ranks of sensitivity index (SI) and efficiency ratio (ER) showed that IQI obtained from scored data set is the most suitable approach in soil quality assessment of arid areas. Therefore, it could be applied in southern Algeria for land management, integrated planning and environmental assessments.  相似文献   

1990—2020年河南省黄淮海平原国土空间“三生”功能时空演变     

冯晓娟  雷国平  马泉来  杨崇科  张艳艳 《水土保持通报》2022,42(4):357-364

[目的] 对国土空间“三生”功能时空演变进行研究,为区域国土空间新格局的构建,实施监督国土空间规划和促进区域协调发展提供科学依据。[方法] 以河南省黄淮海平原为研究区,基于1990,2005和2020年土地利用遥感监测数据,运用功能归并、地理网格采样和空间协调度等方法开展研究。[结果] 1990—2020年,生产、生活功能指数分别上升了1.30%和20.83%,且均呈西部低而中东部高的特点,生态功能指数下降了2.52%。生产功能指数以相对平衡状态为主,生活功能变化幅度较小,空间上呈零散分布特点,生态功能空间变化幅度强烈。缩小区多位于研究区西南部,扩张区集中于西部和东端。国土功能的协调度逐渐变差,中高、高协调类型区面积均偏小,低协调类型区扩张显著,并成为最主要的功能协调类型,中低和中协调类型区面积比例持续下降。[结论] 应依据研究区国土空间的功能服务特性,合理统筹部署国土空间开发及利用,促进国土空间的生产、生活与生态功能协调发展。  相似文献   

植物淹水胁迫对各生理特性的影响概述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李航 《安徽农业科学》2014,(13):3802-3804

在概述植物对淹水胁迫各种适应方式的基础上,重点从植物激素和各种酶的活性以及发酵途径、形态上的影响等方面,对近年来植物抗淹水胁迫适应性的研究进展作简要评述.  相似文献   

西藏自治区湿地保护分区布局探讨     

桂来庭  罗怀斌  张铁平 《中南林业调查规划》2014,(4):29-34

在全面分析西藏湿地资源特点基础上,结合其自然地理条件、湿地生态结构与功能、湿地保护建设主要目标,并考虑与现有规划相衔接等因素,将西藏湿地分为藏北高原湖盆湿地保护建设区、喜马拉雅山麓—藏南山原湿地保护恢复区、雅鲁藏布江中游谷地湿地利用示范建设区和藏东南高山峡谷湿地保护建设区,分析各区存在的问题,提出保护重点和主要措施。  相似文献