稻谷籽粒的压缩特性与含水率关系的实验研究     

程绪铎  高梦瑶  杜小翠  严晓婕  冯家畅 《粮食储藏》2015,44(1):6-10

通过Brookfield质构仪测定了不同含水率的稻谷籽粒(含水率为10.63%、12.25%、13.71%、15.18%、16.53%w.b.)在Z轴(短轴)方向上的压缩特性(破坏力、破坏能、表观接触弹性模量、最大接触应力、破坏应变),得出含水率对稻谷压缩特性的影响规律。实验结果表明:随着压缩形变的增加,稻谷籽粒受到的压力逐渐增加,当到达破裂点时达到最大值,随之急剧减小。随着含水率的增加,稻谷籽粒的压缩破坏力、破坏能、表观接触弹性模量、破坏应力逐渐减小,压缩破坏应变逐渐增加。  相似文献   

Carbon Depletion by Plowing and its Restoration by No‐Till Cropping Systems in Oxisols of Subtropical and Tropical Agro‐Ecoregions in Brazil     

Joo Carlos de Moraes S  Lucien Sguy  Florent Tivet  Rattan Lal  Serge Bouzinac  Paulo Rogrio Borszowskei  Clever Briedis  Josiane Burkner dos Santos  Daiani da Cruz Hartman  Clayton Giani Bertoloni  Jadir Rosa  Theodor Friedrich 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2015,26(6):531-543

The continuous use of plowing for grain production has been the principal cause of soil degradation. This project was formulated on the hypothesis that the intensification of cropping systems by increasing biomass‐C input and its biodiversity under no‐till (NT) drives soil restoration of degraded agro‐ecosystem. The present study conducted at subtropical [Ponta Grossa (PG) site] and tropical regions [Lucas do Rio Verde, MT (LRV) site] in Brazil aimed to (i) assess the impact of the continuous plow‐based conventional tillage (CT) on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock vis‐à‐vis native vegetation (NV) as baseline; (ii) compare SOC balance among CT, NT cropping systems, and NV; and (iii) evaluate the redistribution of SOC stock in soil profile in relation to soil resilience. The continuous CT decreased the SOC stock by 0·58 and 0·67 Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ in the 0‐ to 20‐cm depth at the PG and LRV sites, respectively, and the rate of SOC sequestration was 0·59 for the PG site and ranged from 0·48 to 1·30 Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ for the LRV site. The fraction of C input by crop residues converted into SOC stock was ~14·2% at the PG site and ~20·5% at the LRV site. The SOC resilience index ranged from 0·29 to 0·79, and it increased with the increase in the C input among the NT systems and the SOC sequestration rates at the LRV site. These data support the hypothesis that NT cropping systems with high C input have a large potential to reverse the process of soil degradation and SOC decline. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

马克思自然生产力理论及其对我国生态文明建设的启示     

吴健玲  陶柱标 《湖南农机》2015,(4)

马克思的自然生产力的思想和理论内容,主要是认为客观的自然界有一种自然力量对人类的生存和发展发生着直接或间接的影响。这些自然力量的总和就是自然生产力。文章对马克思的自然生产力理论作一个深入的挖掘、梳理,研究分析其深刻内涵和主要内容,并阐述其对我国当代社会主义生态文明建设的理论启示和现代实践价值。  相似文献   

Vachellia karroo leaf meal: a promising non-conventional feed resource for improving goat production in low-input farming systems of Southern Africa     

E Monday Idamokoro  Patrick J Masika 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2016,33(3):141-153

Among a vast number of forage trees, Vachellia karroo (Acacia karroo) remains one of the most widely distributed indigenous plant legumes in Southern Africa. The plant possesses some striking attributes, such as rapid growth rate, drought tolerance, adaptation to alkaline and acidic sterile soils, and resistance to a variety of edaphic and temperature changes. In past years V. karroo was recognised to be a major threat to rangeland productivity owing to its invasive nature. Research interest has shifted from its eradication as an unwanted plant to its utilisation as a feed resource for livestock. Extensive utilisation of V. karroo is mainly hindered by the presence of tannins and spines. Prospects to lessen the adverse effects of the anti-nutritional influences are now recognised. Vachellia karroo possesses desirable fatty acid profiles, and high protein and mineral contents that can improve animal performance. Presently, the use of V. karroo for goat production in communal areas is restricted owing to limited evidence for its nutritional value as animal feed. The present review, therefore, seeks to demonstrate the utility potential of V. karroo to improve growth performance, carcass characteristics, chevon quality, meat fatty acid profiles and as a natural anti-helminth for goats raised under an extensive system of production.  相似文献   

覆盖方式对旱地小麦花后旗叶抗氧化生理及粒重形成的影响     

张姚  程宏波  杨佳佳  马建涛  柴守玺  纪文宁  张仕林 《干旱地区农业研究》2023,(4):141-150

于2017—2018年和2018—2019年,在西北中部旱作雨养农业区以冬小麦‘康庄974’为试验材料,设秸秆带状覆盖(SM)、地膜覆盖(PM)和无覆盖对照(CK)共3个栽培处理,分析不同覆盖方式对小麦灌浆期土壤水分和温度及抗氧化能力的影响,探讨花后干物质积累量和粒重形成的关系。结果表明,随生育期推进,花后旗叶相对含水量(RWC)逐渐降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐升高,且PM较SM降、升幅度明显。与CK相比,覆盖显著提高花后旗叶抗氧化酶活性,增加渗透调节物质含量;开花时间越长,SM抗氧化酶活性升高的幅度越大,而PM主要提高花后7 d旗叶抗氧化能力。SM和PM的粒重分别较CK增加14.3%和19.1%(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,土壤水分(SW)是影响旗叶生理活性的关键因子,提高SW,有利于增加RWC(r=0.84^**),从而提高旗叶抗氧化能力,其中RWC和抗坏血酸酶(ASA)活性呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.82^**);ASA活性和脯氨酸(Pro)含量呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.94^**),和MDA含量呈极显著负相...  相似文献   

赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻光合酶活性及其产量形成的影响     

王瑛泽  曹智  高玉红  吴兵  王一帆  剡斌  崔政军  徐鹏 《干旱地区农业研究》2023,(4):71-82

为探究赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻叶片光合酶活性以及籽粒产量的影响,以‘轮选2号’为材料,采用田间二因素裂区试验设计,研究了不同磷肥用量水平(P₀:0 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅,P₁:67.5 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅,P₂:135 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅)和赤霉素(Gibberellin acid, GA₃)喷施浓度(G₀:0 mg L^-1,G₁:15 mg·L^-1,G₂:30 mg·L^-1)对胡麻光合同化酶活性、干物质积累量及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明：施磷和喷施赤霉素均显著提高了胡麻叶片RuBP(Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate)、PEP(Phospho...  相似文献   

刈割强度对大针茅草原植物群落特征和土壤理化性质的影响     

王琪  郑佳华  赵萌莉  张军 《草业学报》2023,32(2):26-34

探究不同刈割强度对大针茅典型草原植物群落特征以及土壤理化性质的影响,可为大针茅草原制定合理科学的刈割制度提供理论依据。本研究以大针茅典型草原为对象,于2020年在内蒙古锡林浩特市毛登牧场刈割实验平台进行野外植被调查和取样。该实验平台于2014年建立,以不刈割为对照（CK）,设置轻度（LM）、中度（MM）及重度刈割（HM）3个处理。本研究通过计算物种重要值和多样性指数,测定植物群落地上、地下生物量以及土壤理化性质,探究群落特征与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明：1）与不刈割相比,不同刈割强度均增加了新物种,且中度刈割的物种数最多;与不刈割相比,不同刈割强度均显著增加了群落的丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数,且轻度刈割显著增加了优势度和均匀度指数,表明轻度刈割最有利于群落多样性的维持;不同刈割强度对大针茅草原的生产力均无显著影响;2）土壤全碳、全氮和pH均在中度刈割时最高,且显著高于不刈割,表明中度刈割对土壤养分有积极影响;3）硝态氮是影响草地生产力的主要土壤因子,土壤含水量是影响草地群落多样性的主要土壤因子。本研究可为大针茅典型草原群落结构、物种多样性以及生产力等方面的研究提供重要参...  相似文献   

粮食营养价值的缺陷与对策     

卢敏  高英华 《粮食储藏》1997,26(2):37-39

文章详细了粮食营养价值的缺陷，如蛋白质的质量，氨基酸的比例等，重点介绍了改善这种状况的三种方法。  相似文献   

小麦雄性不育系保持系过氧化物酶同工酶的比较研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

祁忠占  彭永康  刘桂琴 《华北农学报》1988,(2)

从小麦雄性不育系、保持系的10个不同组织、器官中共检测出8种过氧化物酶,在叶、芽鞘、根、节、节间、穗轴、叶鞘和芒中,不育系和保持系的过氧化物酶基本相同,说明这种酶由细胞核编码,但在花粉粒发育的3个不同时期,不育系与保持系间的过氧化物酶有明显差异,表现为不育系中的过氧化物酶同工酶多于保持系,这可能是由于不育系中细胞质不育基因对核基因的表达有调控作用,这种调控作用表现为不育细胞质基因的去阻遏作用,即不育细胞质基因可以去除细胞核中编码过氧化物酶基因的阻遏作用,使不育系中有更多的过氧化物酶基因得以表达,造成不育系中过氧化物酶同工酶多于保持系的现象.  相似文献   

大豆属Clycine亚属植物花粉形态研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

庄炳昌  席以珍 《作物学报》1996,22(3):279-282

对大豆属Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ亚属中０个种的花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察。发现多倍体材料的花粉大于二倍体的。并发现Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ亚属诸种花粉的形、萌发孔、外壁纹饰均存明显差异。  相似文献