甘薯联合收获机高度自适应集薯装置设计与优化     

鲍国丞  王公仆  胡良龙  杨薇  申海洋  徐效伟  吴稳  陈文明  殷梓城 《农业工程学报》2023,39(2):24-33

甘薯收获是甘薯生产中用工量最多、劳动强度最大的环节。为了解决甘薯联合收获机集薯环节存在伤薯率高、自动化程度低等问题,该研究开展了高度自适应集薯装置的机械结构设计与控制系统搭建。系统及结构设计充分考虑物料物理性状及作业过程中的运动学与力学特性,通过新的集薯方式以满足落薯高度自适应、集薯装筐和自动卸料换筐等作业要求。通过落薯高度自适应功能减小并控制薯块下落的高度达到有效减少甘薯伤薯率与破皮率的目的。在单因素试验分析结论的基础上,以清选平台转速、落薯机构转速和落薯设定高度为试验因素,开展三因素三水平Box-Benhnken试验,以伤薯率、破皮率、微破率和损伤率为试验指标建立多元回归方程并进行响应面分析。回归模型进行多目标优化后获得装置最优工作参数组合为：清选平台转速108.07 r/min、落薯机构转速74.75 r/min、落薯设定高度18.15 cm。对优化结果进行验证试验,试验结果为：伤薯率0.39%、破皮率0.54%、微破率22.93%和漏薯率0.54%,各评价指标与模型预测值相近。研究结果可为甘薯联合收获机高度自适应集薯装置进一步设计与优化提供参考。  相似文献   

Influence of total soluble salt concentration on growth and elemental concentration of winged bean seedlings,Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):1009-1018

Abstract

Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) (L.) DC) seedlings of the accession TPT‐1, were grown in a greenhouse with graded, balanced total soluble salt (TSS) concentrations. After 4.5 days, plant height increased quadratically, with a maximum (149 cm) at 3000 ppm TSS. Seedlings were shortest at 1000 and 10,000 ppm TSS, 44.0 and 79.0 cm, respectively. Fresh weight of shoots increased quadratically with greatest weight, 29.03 g, at 5000 ppm TSS. Percent dry matter increased linearly with increasing TSS. Concentration of N, K and P increased quadratically with an increase in the TSS concentration in the growth medium. Concentration of Ca decreased quadratically with increasing TSS. Among the micronutrients, Fe and Mo concentration was quadratic, both elements were highest in the seedlings at 1000 and 10,000 ppm TSS rates. Concentrations of Mn and Zn increased linearly with increasing TSS. Winged bean seedlings at the 1000 to 3000 ppm TSS rates had spindly stems and a sparse, yellow foliage, typical for winged bean seedlings observed in the field during the first 4 to 5 weeks of growth. Seedlings at the 4000 and 5000 ppm TSS rates had sturdy stems and an abundant green foliage. At higher TSS concentrations, 5000 to 10,000 ppm TSS, seedlings had short intermodes and dark green foliage.  相似文献   

基于地相位优化估计的RVoG三阶段森林冠层高度反演     

罗洪斌  朱泊东  岳彩荣  杨文俊  龙飞  徐婉婷 《农业机械学报》2022,53(7):301-307

极化干涉合成孔径雷达（PolInSAR）估测森林结构参数中,数据受基线长度、信噪比、环境地形以及雷达波长的影响,尤其在复杂森林环境条件下,会导致观测到的复相干存在误差,从而影响最终的反演结果。为解决此问题,首先探讨了体相干选择对RVoG三阶段森林冠层高度反演的影响,以地相位为参考逐像素选择距离地相位最远的相干性作为体相干。其次改进了地相位估计方法,采用戴明回归（DMR）和正交回归（OGR）2种相干直线拟合方法来改进地相位的估计,并在DMR拟合方法中设置了不同的误差比（0.3和0.6）来比较地相位估计方法对RVoG三阶段森林冠层高度反演的影响。研究结果表明：以地相位为参考逐像素选择体相干的反演结果相较于直接使用HV极化通道的复相干γ_HV为体相干的反演精度有明显提升,决定系数（R²）由0.349增加到0.383,均方误差由7.097 m²降低到5.755 m²。在体相干优化选择的基础上,采用了戴明回归和正交回归对地相位估计方法进行了改进。表明基于最小二乘回归（LSR）地相位估计的RVoG三阶段反演精度最...  相似文献   

基于无人机影像匹配点云的苗圃单木冠层三维分割   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈崇成  李旭  黄洪宇 《农业机械学报》2018,49(2):149-155，206

近年来较多的树冠提取算法以激光雷达数据为基础,然而激光点云数据量大、冗余多而且采集成本高。本文基于无人机影像匹配点云提取单木树冠轮廓,研究一种成本可控、能够补充甚至部分替代激光雷达的小范围森林制图方案。以福建省三明市某林场内苗圃地作为研究对象,在稠密的无人机影像匹配点云中截取2个25 m×25 m的样地作为测试样本。预处理后,首先构建植被冠层高度模型,以局部最大值法探测树冠位置并标记为种子点;从这些种子点形成的初始区域开始生长,迭代计算直到全部的影像匹配点云归并完毕;最后,将算法提取的树冠轮廓导入Arc GIS中获取树冠轮廓矢量边界,并与手绘参考树冠叠加,利用F测度实现精度的评定。依此方案,在2个林分范围内的树冠提取F测度均达到了89%以上,单木冠幅提取的误差在0.14 m以内。结果表明,该方案简单有效、精度可靠,适用于小范围、高精度的植被制图。  相似文献   

基于SNP标记的玉米株高及穗位高QTL定位   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8  

郑德波  杨小红  李建生  严建兵  张士龙  贺正华  黄益勤 《作物学报》2013,39(3):549-556

为进一步弄清玉米株高和穗位高的遗传机理,为育种生产提供服务,本研究以K22×CI7、K22×Dan3402个F₂群体为作图群体,利用覆盖玉米10条染色体的SNP标记构建了2个连锁图谱。并将这2个F₂群体衍生的分别含237和218个家系的F_2:3群体用于田间性状的鉴定。用复合区间作图模型对2个群体的株高、穗位高表型进行QTL定位分析,结果显示,在武汉和南宁两种环境条件下共定位到21个株高QTL和27个穗位高QTL;单个QTL表型变异贡献率的变幅为4.9%~17.9%;株高和穗位高QTL的作用方式以加性和部分显性为主;第7染色体上可能存在控制株高和穗位高的主效QTL。  相似文献   

Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions     

Qi Haikun  Wang Sai  Xu Dongyong  Lu Zhengying  Zhao Wenchao  Hao Yanjie  Zhang Xiang  Li Wei  Han Huanyong  Wang Jiangtao  Wang Hongzhe  Chen Hongzhang  Wang Lin  Du Mingwei  Tian Xiaoli  Li Zhaohu 《棉花学报》2013,32(5):425-437

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.  相似文献   

地下水埋深对夏玉米根冠生长和耗水量的影响     

刘战东  肖俊夫  俞建河  南纪琴  刘祖贵 《灌溉排水学报》2011,30(4)

利用排水式蒸渗仪,借助自制的Mariotte瓶装置,通过设置6种地下水埋深控制处理(地下水位埋深分别为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.01、.2m),探讨了不同地下水埋深对夏玉米的地上部分、根系生物量及耗水量的影响。结果表明,夏玉米株高和冠层叶面积随地下水埋深减小有增加的趋势,但是当地下水埋深减小到一定程度时就会抑制株高、叶面积,地下水埋深0.6m处理株高和叶面积系数(LAI)最大。各土层根系及其总生物量随地下水埋深增大而增大;地上部总生物量与地下部根生物量的比值随地下水埋深的增大呈明显减少的趋势。夏玉米全生育期和各阶段耗水量分别与地下水埋深呈较好的负相关关系,达到极显著水平(P<0.01);地下水补给量占耗水量的比例随地下水埋深的增大而逐步降低。研究结果可为江淮丘陵区夏玉米灌溉制度的制定及农田排水工程的设计提供参考依据。  相似文献   

油菜联合收获割台落粒横流气压收集装置设计与试验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄小毛  查显涛  宗望远  陈辉 《农业机械学报》2016,47(S1):227-233

针对机播油菜提出了一种对行作业、基于横向正压气流的割台落粒在线收集方法及装置,并通过理论计算、虚拟仿真和台架试验对收集过程进行了分析和优化。首先通过理论分析,确定下落高度和气流速度2个因素为主要考察对象;然后利用Fluent-EDEM气固耦合仿真方法分析了无秸秆条件下2个因素对收集过程的影响规律并对装置结构提出了改进措施;最后利用有秸秆条件下的台架试验验证了改进措施的有效性。试验结果表明：籽粒收集率随下落高度的降低而升高,随气流速度的升高先增大后减小,且二者间交互作用影响显著;试验获得最佳参数组合为A3B3C3,即辅助网板安装于4号收集槽、籽粒下落高度为200mm、变频器设置为50Hz;增设辅助收集网板和对收集槽进行网格化处理对收集效果的提升作用明显,相同试验条件下的最佳收集率由48.02%增至70.34%,但网板安装位置及其与其他因素间的交互作用影响均不显著。  相似文献   

小区谷物联合收获机气吹式割台设计与试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李毅念  易应武  杜世伟  丁启朔  丁为民 《农业机械学报》2017,48(6):79-87

为解决现有小区谷物联合收获机割台中有残留、不易清机等问题,设计了一种采用正面气流将禾吹弯再切割的气吹式割台。根据力学原理建立了均匀气流吹禾模型,以小麦顺利进入割台而不掉落为要求,计算得气流支管出口风速为47.35 m/s。以能产生均匀气流为目标,通过理论计算得到气流管道的主要结构参数为:气流总管锥度1∶14.29,气流支管排列间距100 mm。对影响割台残留量和损失率的3个关键工作参数:气流支管出口与割刀的垂直和水平距离、气流支管出口与水平夹角进行了单因素试验和正交试验。单因素试验表明:气流支管出口与割刀的垂直和水平距离在15~27 cm内对割台损失率的影响呈现先降后升的趋势,气流支管与水平夹角对割台损失率和残留量的影响先缓慢减小,后增加较快。正交试验表明:最优组合为气流支管出口与割刀的水平距离21 cm、气流支管出口与割刀的垂直距离21 cm、气流支管出口与水平的夹角10°,此时总损失率为0.88%,割台残留量为1.21 g。气吹式割台残留量少,总损失率低,达到了小区小麦种子收获技术要求。  相似文献   

骨干淤地坝等高度及无约束分期加高的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

武永昌  朱德兰 《中国水土保持》1998,(2):35-37

以总工程费现值最小为目标函数,对等高度和无约束分期加高的优化计算方法和分析结果表明,采用分期加高较一次建成的总工程费现值可节省1/3～1/2;以等库容分期加高的优化计算较为简单,且与等高度分期加高的优化计算结果相近;无约束分期加高变量较多,需采用非线性规划方法进行优化,计算过程较复杂,其计算结果最优;在分期加高中,使各次新增库容逐渐增大,有利于降低总工程费用现值.  相似文献