Sugar Starvation Enhances Leaf Senescence and Genes Involved in Sugar Signaling Pathways Regulate Early Leaf Senescence in Mutant Rice     

Zhaowei Li  Qian Zhao  Fangmin Cheng 《水稻科学》2020,27(3):201-214

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ghr-miR160, a Class of Gossypium hirsutum L. MicroRNA,Negatively Regulates the Progress of Leaf Senescence     

Duan Shan  Dou Lingling  Cheng Shuaishuai  Guo Yaning  Pang Chaoyou  Ma Qifeng  Wei Hengling  Fan Shu  Wang Hantao  Yu Shuxun 《棉花学报》2018,30(2):111-118

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Effects of the severity and timing of basal leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines     

Xiao-feng YUE  Yan-lun JU  Zi-zhu TANG  Ya-meng ZHAO  Xu-liang JIAO  Zhen-wen ZHANG 《农业科学学报》2019,18(9):2052-2062

The effects of the severity and timing of leaf removal(LR) on the amino acids of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines were studied during the 2017 growing season. High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to analyze the amino acids profiles of grape berries and wines. The basal leaves were removed at three time points(40, 56 and 72 days after flowering, named LR40, LR56 and LR72, respectively) at two severity levels(one at which the first, third, and fifth basal leaves of each shoot were removed(50% level); and another at which the first six basal leaves were removed(100% level)). The results showed that leaf removal had little impact on total soluble solids(°Brix), titratable acidity, pH or berry weight. The LR72-50% treated grapes had higher berry weight, titratable acidity and °Brix than those of the other treatments. The highest concentrations of total amino acids and of total amino acids except proline were detected in LR72-50% treated grapes(2 952.58 and 2 764.36 mg L~(-1), respectively); the lowest were detected in LR72-100% treated grapes(2 172.82 and 2 038.71 mg L~(-1), respectively). LR72-50% treatment significantly promoted the synthesis of aspartic acid, serine, arginine, alanine, aminobutyric acid and proline at both severity levels for grapes, the concentrations of all of these amino acids were increased relative to the control concentrations. The LR72-50%, LR40-100% and LR72-100% treated wines had higher total amino acids concentrations and higher concentrations of some individual amino acids, such as arginine, alanine and serine, than did the control wines. Of all the amino acids studied, glycine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine and lysine were not significantly influenced by the timing or severity basal defoliation in grapes and wines. The present study reveals the effects of the timing and severity of leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of grapes and wines.  相似文献   

42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的防效     

赵建江  王文桥  马志强  孟润杰  毕秋艳  韩秀英 《安徽农业科学》2016,(7):168-169

[目的]探讨42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的田间防治效果。[方法]以10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂为对照药剂,采用小区试验研究42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂对番茄叶霉病的防治效果。[结果]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂在剂量为150.0~225.0 g a.i./hm2时,对番茄叶霉病的防治效果为83.37%~91.63%,与10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂120.0g a.i./hm~2对番茄叶霉病的防治效果无显著差异,但显著高于70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂562.5 g a.i./hm~2的防治效果。[结论]42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂可广泛用于番茄叶霉病的防治。  相似文献   

大蒜素对番茄叶霉菌不同生理小种的抑制作用     

薛东齐  许向阳  姜景彬  王窦逗  李景富 《河南农业科学》2016,(2):71-76

研究大蒜素对番茄生产上叶霉菌主流生理小种1.2.3.4以及2014年新发现生理小种2.5、2.4.5和1.2.3.4.9的抑制作用,为开发安全、高效的植物源农药奠定基础。首先制备大蒜素抽提母液,采用定硫法对其中的大蒜素进行定量测定,发现当溶液中滴加4 m L浓硝酸、溶液p H值为2.0时能够更为准确地测得大蒜素的含量,试验测得大蒜素含量为0.52%。在此基础上,进行了大蒜素对4个叶霉菌生理小种菌丝生长、孢子萌发的抑制试验,离体叶片上的病害预防试验以及苗期药效试验。结果表明,当大蒜素剂量25μL/m L时,其对叶霉菌生理小种菌丝生长的抑制活性较高,其中对1.2.3.4的抑制率最高,对1.2.3.4.9的抑制率最低,对其他2个生理小种的抑制率差异不显著。当大蒜素剂量7.5μL/m L时,其对4个生理小种孢子萌发的抑制效应存在差异,其中对1.2.3.4.9的孢子萌发抑制率最低,对1.2.3.4的孢子萌发抑制率最高。当大蒜素剂量为125μL/m L时,其对叶霉菌4个生理小种在离体叶片上的预防效果均超过95%。苗期药效试验表明,在相等剂量下,大蒜素对叶霉菌的防治效果高于多菌灵和甲基托布津,说明大蒜素是一种可以替代化学药剂防治叶霉病的有效抑菌物质。  相似文献   

不同叶面肥对狐臭柴叶片生物量和主要生化指标的影响     

颜跃跃  王汪中  吕享  李小兰  黄图成  张明生 《山地农业生物学报》2016,(4):77-82

以三年生狐臭柴为实验材料,设置自然光和遮光两种光照条件,用三种叶面肥进行喷施,分析不同肥料对狐臭柴叶片生物量和主要生化指标的影响。结果表明:喷施氮肥能显著提高狐臭柴叶片生物量,自然光及遮光下分别增加37.30%和15.02%,但果胶的积累减少,分别降低19.78%和17.35%;磷肥能显著提升叶片果胶的含量,分别增加158.08%和239.96%,但叶片生物量显著低于对照,分别降低55.83%和47.40%;复合肥对叶片生物量无明显影响,果胶含量轻微降低。各肥料均使可溶性糖含量降低,且在遮光条件下使叶片内可溶性蛋白含量增加,自然光下使可溶性蛋白含量降低。  相似文献   

Differences in Ion Accumulation and Salt Tolerance among Glycine Accessions     

J. M. Lenis  M. Ellersieck  D. G. Blevins  D. A. Sleper  H. T. Nguyen  D. Dunn  J. D. Lee  J. G. Shannon 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(4):302-310

Salinity reduces crop yield by limiting water uptake and causing ion‐specific stress. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is sensitive to soil salinity. However, there is variability among soybean genotypes and wild relatives for salt tolerance, suggesting that genetic improvement may be possible. The objective of this study was to identify differences in salt tolerance based on ion accumulation in leaves, stems and roots among accessions of four Glycine species. Four NaCl treatments, 0, 50, 75 and 100 mm , were imposed on G. max, G. soja, G. tomentella and G. argyrea accessions with different levels of salinity tolerance. Tolerant genotypes had less leaf scorch and a greater capacity to prevent Na⁺ and Cl^? transport from soil solution to stems and leaves than sensitive genotypes. Magnitude of leaf injury per unit increase in leaf Na⁺ or Cl^? concentrations was lower in tolerant than in susceptible accessions. Also, plant injury was associated more with Na⁺ rather than with Cl^? concentration in leaves. Salt‐tolerant accessions had greater leaf chlorophyll‐meter readings than sensitive genotypes at all NaCl concentrations. Glycine argyrea and G. tomentella accessions possessed higher salt tolerance than G. soja and G. max genotypes.  相似文献   

水稻卷叶突变体rlm1的基因克隆     

申雅君  崔学安  张治国  吴金霞 《中国农业科技导报》2016,18(2):25-30

叶片是植物光合作用的主要场所,优良的叶片形态有利于塑造理想的株型,提高光合效率。为了研究叶片形态建成的分子机制,自水稻T-DNA插入突变体库中筛选获得1个叶片半卷曲的卷叶突变体(roll leaf mutant,命名为rlm1),突变体rlm1主要特征为成熟叶片沿中脉向内卷,叶片最终卷成直立半圆筒状,叶片卷曲度达0.64,叶片直立参数达95,且光合效率显著优于野生型。通过图位克隆技术,确定突变体rlm1突变位点位于LOC_Os03g06654基因的第1个内含子,LOC_Os03g06654基因编码黄素单氧化酶(flavin-containing monooxygenase),RT-PCR表达分析表明LOC_Os03g06654基因因T-DNA插入而导致完全失活。该基因与已报道的水稻卷叶基因Os COW1(Constitutively Wilted 1)为等位基因,而且突变体rlm1所表现的农艺性状均佳,可期待利用该突变体进行高光合的育种实践。  相似文献   

基于卷积神经网络马铃薯叶片病害识别和病斑检测*     

王林柏  张博  姚竟发  杨志辉  张君  范晓飞 《中国农机化学报》2021,42(11):122

针对自然环境下马铃薯叶片病害识别率低和晚疫病斑定位难的问题,基于大田环境中采集的马铃薯叶片图像,首先对马铃薯叶片病害进行识别,对比AlexNet、VGG16、InceptionV3、ResNet50、MobileNet五种神经网络模型,结果表明InceptionV3模型的识别效果准确率最高,可达98.00%。其次对马铃薯叶片的晚疫病斑进行检测,提出一种改进型的CenterNet-SPP模型,该模型通过特征提取网络获取对象的中心点,再通过中心点回归获得中心点偏移量、目标大小等图像信息,训练后的模型在验证集下的mAP可达90.03%,以F₁为评价值分析对比其它目标检测模型,CenterNet-SPP模型的效果最好,准确率为94.93%,召回率为90.34%,F₁值为92.58%,平均检测一张图像耗时0.10 s。为自然环境下马铃薯叶片病害识别和检测提供较为全面的深度学习算法和模型研究基础。  相似文献   

Critical comparison of the vanadomolybdate and the molybdenum blue methods for the analysis of phosphate in plant sap     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(8):839-852

Abstract

The performance of the vanodomolybdate and molybdenum blue methods for the routine determination of phosphate in plant sap were compared in order to assess their suitability for the detection of P deficiency at an early stage of plant growth. The molybdenum blue method was ca 10 times more sensitive than the vanadomolybdate one and required less sap to give a successful test. Recoveries of phosphate added to both sap and solution samples were close to 100% with both methods. The methods were in good agreement over a wide range of phosphate concentrations using sap samples from all leaves during the early stages of P deficiency, but increases in sap background colour caused the vanadomolybdate method to overestimate phosphate concentrations as the deficiency became more acute. Measurements on solutions of similar absorbance showed that the vanadomolybdate method was not significantly more variable than the molybdenum blue method but tended to overestimate phosphate concentration when very small volumes of sap were available. It was concluded that the molybdenum blue method was the most reliable for routine measurements of phosphate in plant sap.  相似文献