喷灌水量分布动态模拟与均匀性研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

韩文霆  王玄  孙瑜 《农业机械学报》2014,45(11):159-164

为研究压力、喷头组合方式和插值方法对喷灌均匀系数CU和分布均匀系数DU这两个评价指标计算结果的影响规律,利用雨量筒径向间隔为1 m的FY RB-471型喷头无风喷洒试验数据,模拟出了喷头在不同压力下的水量分布情况。在喷头矩形组合方式和正三角形组合方式下,采用线性插值、立方插值、三次样条插值、距离插值和平面插值法计算了不同压力下的喷灌均匀系数和分布均匀系数。结果表明,采用三角形组合方式比矩形组合方式计算的喷灌均匀系数CU高1.56~4.77个百分点,同样,三角形组合方式比矩形组合方式计算的分布均匀系数DU高4.26~9.19个百分点;不同的插值方法对喷灌均匀系数与分布均匀系数的计算结果影响不明显,而压力是影响喷灌均匀系数的一个重要因素。  相似文献   

Distribution,quantitative load and characterization of Salmonella associated with swine farms in upper-northern Thailand     

Pakpoom Tadee  Kittipong Kumpapong  Danai Sinthuya  Panuwat Yamsakul  Nipa Chokesajjawatee  Supachai Nuanualsuwan  Suchawan Pornsukarom  Bayleyegn Z. Molla  Wondwossen A. Gebreyes  Prapas Patchanee 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2014,15(2):327-334

This study was conducted to analyze the prevalence and quantitative loads of Salmonella spp. on pig farms in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Thailand to assess loading levels before slaughtering. The serotype diversity, antimicrobial-resistance pattern and pulse-field type of Salmonella spp. were also characterized to assess the dynamic propagation of the pathogen. The Salmonella-positive prevalence was 246/805 (30.56%), and the quantitative loads varied from 1.48~4.04 Log₁₀MPN/g, with a mean ± standard deviation of 2.11 ± 0.57. AMP/S/TE (ampicillin/streptomycin/tetracycline) was the highest frequency antimicrobial resistance pattern found in this study. In addition, Salmonella Rissen was the primary serotype in this region. PFGE results indicated the occurrence of infection by cross contamination among pig farms. Our study showed that pork is easily contaminated with this pathogen. Farm control programs must be based on strict biosecurity and hygienic measures, which could further reduce the contamination pressure at slaughterhouses or retail shops.  相似文献   

Diurnal and Seasonal Fluctuations in Rectal Temperature,Respiration and Heart Rate of Pack Donkeys in a Tropical Savannah Zone     

Joseph O. AYO  Tavershima DZENDA  Folashade OLAIFA  Stephen A. AKE  Ismaila SANI 《Journal of Equine Science》2014,25(1):1-6

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Fatigue property of high-performance polyethylene netting twine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WORAWIT  WANCHANA  HARUYUKI  KANEHIRO  HIROSHI  INADA 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(2):371-379

Tensile and knot fatigue property of high-performance polyethylene (HPPE), regular polyethylene (PE), nylon multifilament (PAmu), and nylon monofilament (PAmo) under cyclic loading conditions were investigated. The durability of HPPE under tensile fatigue testing was largest, followed by PAmo, PAmu and PE. In knot fatigue, the largest was PAmo, followed by HPPE, PAmu, and PE. High resistance by HPPE to the cyclic loads was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, which showed that HPPE suffered the least damage from abrasion compared with the other twines. From the measurement of elongation changes during the cyclic loading, HPPE had very small changes. The low elongation value of HPPE was probably the result of its better fatigue property because there was less damage from abrasion.  相似文献   

The use of a real-time PCR primer/probe set to observe infectivity of Yersinia ruckeri in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)     

Glenn RA  Taylor PW  Hanson KC 《Journal of fish diseases》2011,34(10):783-791

Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM), a common pathogen affecting aquaculture facilities and implicated in large losses of cultured fish. Fisheries scientists continue to gain a greater understanding of the disease and the pathogen by investigating methods of identification and pre- and post-infection treatment. In this study, a real-time PCR probe set for Y. ruckeri was developed to detect daily changes in the bacterial load during pathogen challenges. Two species of fish, Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were exposed to two strains of Y. ruckeri (Hag and SC) during bath challenges. A subset of fish was killed daily for 14 days, and the kidney tissue was biopsied to enumerate copies of pathogen DNA per gram of tissue. While Chinook exposed to either the Hag or SC strains exhibited similar pathogen loads, those exposed to the Hag strain displayed higher mortality (～66%) than fish exposed to the SC strain (～24% mortality). Steelhead exposed to the Hag strain exhibited a greater pathogen load and higher mortality (～42%) than those exposed to the SC strain (<1% mortality). Steelhead challenged with either strain showed lower pathogen loads than Chinook. The study illustrates the efficacy of the probe set to enumerate Y. ruckeri bacterial growth in the kidneys of fish. Also, strains of Y. ruckeri display species-specific growth patterns that result in differential mortality and pathogen load.  相似文献   

Milk Yield of Holstein Cows Induced into Lactation Twice Consecutively and Lactation Curve Models Fitted to Artiifcial Lactations     

Jesus Mellado  Edgar Sepulveda  Jose E Garcia  Alvaro Rodriguez  Maria A De Santiago  Francisco G Veliz  Miguel Mellado 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(6):1349-1354

Nineteen multiparous barren Holstein cows were subjected to an induction of lactation protocol for 21 d administering estradiol cypionate （2 mg kg-1 of body weight （BW） d-1, on day 1 to 14）, progesterone （0.10 mg kg-1 of BW, on day 1 to 7）, lfumethasone （0.03 mg kg-1 of BW, on day 18 to 20） and recombinant bovine somatotropin （rbST;500 mg per cow, on day 1, 6, 16 and 21）. At the end of lactation and with a minimum of a 2-mon dry period, the same cows were again hormonally induced into lactation. Cows in both lactations were not artiifcially inseminated, they were milked 3 times daily and received rbST throughout lactation. Mean accumulated milk yield at 305 d in milk （DIM） did not differ between the ifrst and second induced lactations （（9 710 ＆#177;1 728） vs. （9 309＆#177;2 150） kg;mean＆#177;SD）. Total milk yield （（12 707＆#177;3 406） vs. （12 306＆#177;4 218） kg;mean＆#177;SD） and lactation length （（405＆#177;100） vs. （410＆#177;91） d;mean＆#177;SD） were not different between the ifrst and second induced lactations. In a second study, 15 empirical models including exponential, power law, yield-density, sigmoidal and miscellaneous models were compared for their suitability by modeling 12-mon （n=334）, 18-mon （n=164） and 29-mon （n=22） lactation cycles of Holsteins cows induced into lactation and treated with rbST throughout the lactation. Hoerl （Y=ab1/xxc）, Wood （Y=axb exp（cx）） and Dhanoa （Y=ax（bc）exp（cx）） models were equally suitable to describe 12-mon lactations. An exponential model with ifve parameters （Y=exp（a＋bx＋cd2＋e/x）） showed the best ift for milk yield for 18-mon lactations. The rational model （Y=a＋bx/1＋cx＋dx2） was found to produce the closest ift for 29-mon lactations. It was concluded that, with the protocol used in the present study, multiparous cows respond favorably to a second cycle of induced lactation, with milk yield similar to that experienced during the ifrst cycle. Thus, dairy producers might be able to lengthen the productive life of infertile high producing cows with a renewal of artiifcial lactation, which would imply an overall reduction in voluntary culling of cows. Also, various equations used to describe the lactation curves demonstrated the potential for iftting monthly milk records of Holstein cows with prolonged lactations and induced hormonally into lactation.  相似文献   

不同排水体制对内秦淮河污染负荷的比较分析     

钱钧  刘祥  秦文浩  朱亮 《安徽农业科学》2014,(14):4367-4370

排水体制和管网系统是城市基础设施建设的重要组成部分,不同排水体制对流域水环境污染存在明显差异.理论计算结果表明,在秦淮河流域分流制条件下,全年COD、NH3-N平均入河总量分别为1 057.2 t、15.9 t,其中51.0％、48.4％来源于中雨径流雨水;合流制条件下,全年COD、NH3-N平均入河总量分别为1 517.6 t、29.9t,其中82.2％、74.9％来源于大雨污水溢流.负荷比较分析结果表明,不同排水体制在3种雨型条件下,各河段NH3-N负荷无明显差异,主要表现在中雨COD负荷不同.中雨时,分流制雨水中COD负荷约是合流制溢流污水的2～3倍;而大雨时,合流制溢流污水与分流制径流雨水负荷相近.总之,分流制雨水径流污染不容忽视,合流制溢流污水污染应结合降雨强度及其他因素综合考虑.  相似文献   

内生真菌次生代谢产物量与培养时间的关系     

陈珣  杨镇  肖军  丑静  龚娜  王娜  王红  肇莹  杨涛 《湖北农业科学》2014,53(18):4286-4287

从辽宁省西北地区根系土壤中分离得到No015号和No016号两株内生真菌,对其进行液体培养,从第5天开始,连续13d进行次生代谢产物干物质重的测量.结果表明,液体培养10 d为两株内生真菌次生代谢产物产生的高峰期.  相似文献   

Intake and discharge nutrient loads at three intensive shrimp farms     

Christopher Jackson  Nigel Preston  & Peter J Thompson 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(11):1053-1061

This study was conducted to help provide a framework for Australian regulation of shrimp farm siting and discharges. Monitoring of farm water usage, and intake and discharge water quality was conducted at three commercial intensive shrimp farms, chosen to represent different operating environments, latitudes, cultured species and management styles. Weekly samples were taken over 3 years, for 3–12 months at each farm, to investigate intake and discharge concentrations and loads of total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Mean water exchange was 1.4 ML ha^?1 day^?1 (about 10% day^?1) at the first farm studied and 0.5 ML ha^?1 day^?1 (about 3.6% day^?1) at the others. Farm mean discharge concentration varied as follows: TSS, from 36.9 to 119 mg L^?1; TN, from 2.1 to 3.1 mg L^?1 and TP, from 0.22 to 0.28 mg L^?1. Farm mean intake concentrations were from 11% to 91% of equivalent mean discharge concentration (for TN at Farm B and TSS at Farm C respectively). Mean net discharge loads, related to area of production ponds at each farm, varied as follows: TSS, from 4.8 to 85.7 kg ha^?1 day^?1; TN, from 1 to 1.8 kg ha^?1 day^?1 and TP, from 0.11 to 0.22 kg ha^?1 day^?1. The highest net loads of TSS, TN and TP were all from the farm with the highest water exchange rate, located on a coastal river, and studied during a year of high rainfall with associated poor water quality. These results can be used to help predict likely discharge characteristics for new shrimp farms, and provide a benchmark against which to evaluate future improvements in shrimp farm environmental management.  相似文献   

有载自动调容配电变压器及其动态降损节能效益分析     

王冬冬  朴在林  赵立邺  郑钰 《农业工程学报》2010,26(14):135-140

为验证有载自动调容配电变压器降损节能效果及其解决“大马拉小车”的机理,根据实测的动态日、月负荷数据,绘制了日、月负荷曲线;对SZ11-M-T型有载自动调容型变压器与S11普通型配电变压器的动态功率损耗进行了综合经济性比较。计算结果表明：对于峰谷用电量差异明显,峰谷负荷轮换频繁的用电区域及用电季节性集中的农村配电区域,避免普通变压器长期处于“大马拉小车”有效途径是使用有载自动调容配电变压器;相对于无载调容,有载自动调容配电变压器降损节能经济效益十分明显,使用范围更广。  相似文献