甘肃沿黄灌区设施蔬菜施肥现状及问题分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘华  章圣强  曹靖 《北方园艺》2012,(14):45-48

通过问卷调查和室内测试,分析了沿黄灌区设施蔬菜施肥现状。结果表明:种植户在施用有机肥、化肥及灌水方面存在较大的盲目性,有机肥和化肥的投入量同时增加,缺乏平衡施肥的理念。种植区有机肥投入量在52～337t/hm2,化肥折算纯氮肥年平均投入量为1 165～4 865kg/hm2,磷肥(P2O5)年平均投入量为1 079～2 960kg/hm2,钾肥年平均投入量为631～3 321kg/hm2。设施不同土层土壤pH均显著低于农田土壤,土壤电导率则明显高于农田土壤,其中靖远、皋兰、红古设施土壤电导率超过了蔬菜的生育障碍临界值(EC0.4mS/cm)。  相似文献   

Influence of feeding Tinospora cordifolia peripartum on lactation parameters in crossbred cows     

Mallick S  Prakash BS 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(6):1112-1120

For studying the effect of dietary supplementation of guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) peripartum on lactation an investigation was conducted on 15 pregnant Karan Fries crossbred cows which were divided into two groups: treatment group of eight cows which were supplemented with guduchi at 60 g/day for 45 days prepartum and 120 g/day for 45 days postpartum; control group of seven pregnant cows which were not supplemented with guduchi. Jugular blood samples were collected from all cows during the periparturient period for analysis of various blood cell and plasma parameters. A significantly higher total leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was recorded in the guduchi supplemented treatment group in comparison to untreated control cows throughout the experimental period. The increase of milk production over 305 days of lactation due to guduchi supplementation was significant (p < 0.05). A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in somatic cell count was also observed during the experimental period. Milk composition (fat, protein, lactose and SNF) was similar (p > 0.05) for both the groups. Plasma non esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in cows supplemented with guduchi throughout the course of study. Plasma concentration of growth hormone in the treated cows was also significantly higher beginning on the day of parturition up to 3 weeks postpartum (p < 0.05) in comparison to unsupplemented group.  相似文献   

Effects of feeding roasted safflower seeds (variety IL-111) and fish oil on dry matter intake, performance and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy cattle     

Alizadeh AR  Alikhani M  Ghorbani GR  Rahmani HR  Rashidi L  Loor JJ 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(3):466-473

Safflower seed has the highest concentration of linoleic acid among 80 oilseeds but little information exists on the effective use of SS for lactation cows. It was hypothesised that a diet supplemented with an Iranian SS variety (IL-111) in combination with fish oil (FO) would result in higher concentrations of trans-18:1 (including vaccenic acid) and conjugated linoleic acids in milk fat than feeding an unsupplemented control diet. Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding diets containing: (i) Control: (C); (ii) 25 g of roasted SS IL-111 (RSS); (iii) 20 g FO and (iv) 25 g RSS + 10 g FO (RSS + FO) per kilogram of dietary DM on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, milk production and fatty acid profile. Eight multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design study. The experiment had four periods of 21 days. Milk Fat percentage was lower (p < 0.01) with FO supplementation and averaged 19.0 and 21.5 g/kg milk with FO and RSS + FO compared with 30.3 and 32.5 g/kg with C and RSS. Feed intake also was lower (p < 0.01) with FO vs. C (23.1 vs. 24.5 kg/day) but feeding RSS resulted in greater feed intake compared with other treatments (26 kg/day). Despite lower feed intake with FO, milk production did not change from controls but feeding RSS + FO resulted in greater milk yield than controls (42.6 vs. 39.3 kg/day). Ruminal pH was greater (p < 0.01) in cows fed FO than other treatments. Supplemental FO alone or in combination with RSS resulted in dramatic increases (p < 0.01) in c9,t11-18:2 in milk fat (12.7 and 13.2 g/day vs. 5.8 and 7.02 with C and RSS). It was surprising to note that 25 g/kg RSS can improve feed intake.  相似文献   

Stochastic simulation of forest fuel sourcing models under risk     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):574-584

Abstract

Climate change effects such as storms and droughts are leading to increased risk of forest damage in central Europe. The aim of this paper was to evaluate forest fuel sourcing models including climate change-induced risks on forest fuel supply. Stochastic risk events, such as storms and bark beetle infestations, were modelled by means of a Monte Carlo simulation, and the economic performance was evaluated for two fuel-sourcing models supplying a single combined heat and power plant (CHP). The first sourcing model depicted a common sourcing model for Austrian CHPs, where only forest chips provided by long- and short-term suppliers were stored. The second sourcing model additionally enabled the storage of salvaged pulpwood to supply forest fuel from the plant's own inventory during shortage periods. Simulation results showed that storing salvage pulpwood as feedstock considerably reduced supply chain risks and resulted in lower procurement costs (1–3% less than normal delivered cost without storing salvaged pulpwood).  相似文献   

中国东北松嫩平原丹顶鹤繁殖种群调查(英文)     

钱法文  江红星  于国海  于有忠  杨军  逄士良  朴仁珠 《中国鸟类》2012,3(3):217-224

自2004年至2008年,在白鹤GEF项目的支持下,全国鸟类环志中心于每年5月在东北松嫩平原的4个国家级自然保护区,即黑龙江的扎龙国家级自然保护区、内蒙古的科尔沁国家级自然保护区、吉林的向海和莫莫格国家级自然保护区,开展了繁殖水鸟的地面调查。调查的目的在于了解各个保护区繁殖水鸟的分布和种群动态。丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)是本调查活动的重要目标物种。通过5年的调查,了解到松嫩平原的扎龙保护区是目前丹顶鹤最为重要的繁殖地,逾90%的繁殖丹顶鹤种群分布在扎龙保护区,但种群数量变动较大,变动幅度介于112–275只之间。良好的芦苇(Phragmites australis)生境是丹顶鹤的繁殖种群保持稳定和增长的首要条件。通过给湿地供水可以缓解丹顶鹤繁殖栖息地的快速退化,但科学合理的供水机制是保证丹顶鹤繁殖成功的前提。  相似文献   

宁夏地区奶牛不同饲养模式生鲜乳成分及收购状况调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何立荣  李爱华  陈志强  巫亮  赵万余 《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2012,(5):57-59

为了解宁夏不同饲养模式生鲜乳成分及收购状况,研究针对宁夏荷斯坦奶牛养殖的3种饲养模式(分别是规模场、小区、散户养殖)在2008—2009年间的饲养状况、生鲜乳成分、收购情况、日粮饲喂状况等进行了调查、统计、分析和研究。结果表明:规模场、小区、散户养殖生鲜乳的乳蛋白率分别为3.073 7%、3.037 5%、2.858 3%;乳脂率为3.641 2%、3.568 8%、3.435 0%;乳糖率分别为4.796 3%、4.686 3%、4.715 0%;非脂乳固体分别为8.505 0%、8.645 0%、8.161 7%;生鲜乳的价格分别为2.943 7,2.395 0,2.366 7元/kg。规模养殖场生鲜乳的乳蛋白率、非脂乳固体均极显著高于散户(P<0.01),乳脂率显著高于散户(P<0.05),生鲜乳价格显著高于小区、散户养殖(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

人员因素对猪活体测定结果的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘望宏  胡军勇  倪德斌  邱小田  熊远著 《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2012,(9):10-12

为检验人员因素在猪的活体测定中对数据的影响程度,采用随机试验的方法将测定人员分为A组和B组,在测定方法相同的情况下,对各组人员进行独立多次测量,并对测量结果进行方差分析。结果表明:两组人员因素对猪活体膘厚的测量结果均具有极显著差异(P<0.01);对于猪眼肌高度,A组人员因素差异不显著(P>0.05),B组人员因素则差异显著(P<0.05)。说明人员因素对活体测定结果有显著的影响。笔者建议使用B型超声波测定仪用于活体测定时,在数据读取方法上需进一步规范和统一,并提升人员技能,不断提高测定准确性,促进我国种猪遗传评估效率的逐步提升。  相似文献   

补饲高蛋白质、高脂肪精饲料对驴产乳量和乳成分的影响     

周小玲  肖国亮  赵奋飞  刘永恒  文全银 《动物营养学报》2012,(3):577-582

本试验旨在研究补饲高蛋白质、高脂肪精饲料对驴产乳量和乳成分的影响。选择 ３～７岁的健康泌乳母驴 ３４头,设 Ａ（１２头）、Ｂ（１０头）和 Ｃ（１２头）３个区,共 ５个处理。所有驴饲喂基础饲粮。每个区均设对照组,各试验组驴分别补饲粗蛋白质水平为 ３１．４４％（试验 １组,Ａ区,４头）、粗脂肪水平为 ２５．７７％［２０％棉籽油（试验 ２组,Ａ区,４头）、２０％葵花籽油（试验 ３组,Ｂ区,５头）、２０％菜籽油（试验 ４组,Ｃ区,６头）］的试验精饲料 １．５ｋｇ／ｄ。预试期 １４ｄ,正试期１４ｄ。结果表明：１）除含 ２０％葵花籽油的试验精饲料外,其余试验精饲料采食量（＞１３００ｇ／ｄ）均达到预期的采食量,且未出现消化异常,表明所用精饲料适口性较好,驴对它们有较好的适应性;２）补饲含 ２０％棉籽油和含 ２０％菜籽油的试验精饲料均显著提高了驴日均产乳量（Ｐ＜０．０５）,驴日均产乳量可达 １．５ｋｇ／ｄ,而日均总泌乳量可达 ４ｋｇ／ｄ;３）补饲不同试验精饲料对乳成分无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）,驴乳中乳蛋白、乳糖、粗灰分含量较稳定,而乳脂含量变化非常大。总之,补饲高蛋白质、高脂肪的精饲料可提高驴产乳量,但对乳成分的影响不明显。  相似文献   

泌乳母猪乳腺对乳汁前体物的摄取及其乳汁成分的分泌     

雷剑  张中岳  左建军  冯定远  伍国耀 《动物营养学报》2012,(2):212-219

乳汁产量和营养成分在很大程度上决定哺乳期仔猪的生长性能,但由泌乳期第 ８天至断奶,乳腺不能合成足量乳汁以支持仔猪最大生长潜力的发挥。因此,有必要弄清泌乳母猪乳腺对乳汁前体物的摄取及乳汁成分分泌的这种“进—出”生化代谢规律,以便利用营养措施调控乳汁成分。本文阐述了乳腺对乳汁前体物质,如葡萄糖、脂肪酸、氨基酸、矿物质、维生素的摄取及其乳汁成分的分泌,并讨论了调控“摄取—分泌”这个过程中的潜在生化机制。  相似文献   

应用奶牛群体改良体系对奶牛生产性能的影响     

冀芳  霍鲜鲜  高民  王丽芳  云伏雨 《动物营养学报》2012,(3):543-549

本试验旨在研究应用奶牛群体改良（ｄａｉｒｙｈｅｒｄｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ,ＤＨＩ）体系对奶牛生产性能的影响。选用 １５０头不同年龄、胎次、泌乳阶段的健康泌乳奶牛,进行为期 ８月（２００９年 ６月-２０１０年 １月）的试验。第 １月为第 １期,不进行调整;第 ２～４月第 ２期,进行第 １次调整;第 ５～７月为第 ３期,进行第 ２次调整;第 ８月为第 ４期,为调整后的观察期。饲粮配方和饲养管理的调整结合试验期内内蒙自治区古巴盟地区气候条件及 ＤＨＩ报告中的数据信息。记录产奶量,通过 ＤＨＩ软件计算 ３０５ｄ产奶量、３０５ｄ成年当量,预测最高日产奶量及其出现时间,采集的奶样测定乳脂蛋比。结果表明：应用 ＤＨＩ体系能够显著提高 ３０５ｄ产奶量和 ３０５ｄ成年当量（Ｐ＜０．０５）,显著提高最高日产奶量（Ｐ＜０．０５）,并缩短其出现时间（Ｐ＜０．０５）,改善乳脂蛋比。结果提示,在内蒙古自治区古巴盟地区的气候条件下,应用 ＤＨＩ体系能够提高奶牛生产性能。  相似文献