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21.
为了研究边界滑移对上游泵送机械密封性能的影响,建立液膜三维几何模型和计算模型,基于 Navier 线性滑移模型对液膜壁面边界条件进行修正,采用商用软件 Fluent 的 SIMPLEC 算法及层流模型求解三维 Navier -Stokes 方程,并分析相对滑移量对液膜静压分布、开启力、摩擦扭矩、泄漏量的影响规律。结果表明:相对于边界滑移发生的位置,滑移速度的大小对密封性能的影响更大;当相对滑移量较小时,存在边界滑移与无滑移的模拟结果无明显区别,能很好地解释宏观无滑移边界假设的应用,当相对滑移量较大时液膜动压效应随滑移的增加而减弱,开启力、摩擦扭矩、泄漏量都随边界滑移的增加而减小;相对于开启力的降低,边界滑移的减阻和降低泄漏的效果更为明显;当开启力较小,应避免边界滑移发生;当开启力足够大时,加工成超疏水表面形成边界滑移,可极大地减少摩擦扭矩,降低能耗。 相似文献
22.
Shunhua Yang Shangkao Deng Haiou Kuang Danyin Zhou Xueyang Gong Kun Dong 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2021,21(4)
The hexagonal structure of the honey bee comb cell has been the source of many studies attempting to understand its structure and function. In the storage area of the comb, only honey is stored and no brood is reared. We predicted that honey bees may construct different hexagonal cells for brood rearing and honey storage. We used quantitative analyses to evaluate the structure and function of the natural comb cell in the Chinese bee, Apis cerana cerana and the Italian bee, A. mellifera ligustica. We made cell molds using a crystal glue solution and measured the structure and inclination of cells. We found that the comb cells of A. c. cerana had both upward-sloping and downward-sloping cells; while the A. m. ligustica cells all tilted upwards. Interestingly, the cells did not conform to the regular hexagonal prism structure and showed irregular diameter sizes. In both species, comb cells also were differentiated into worker, drone and honey cells, differing in their diameter and depth. This study revealed unique differences in the structure and function of comb cells and showed that honey bees design their cells with precise engineering to increase storage capacity, and to create adequate growing room for their brood. 相似文献
23.
Corfield GS Read RA Eastley KA Richardson JL Robertson ID Day R 《Australian veterinary journal》2007,85(6):212-216
Hip palpation has been used to provide semiquantitative information regarding passive joint laxity and susceptibility to hip dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to: (1) evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner repeatability of the hip reduction angle measured at 4 months of age by three examiners using manual goniometry and an electromagnetic tracking system; (2) compare the hip reduction angle measured with manual goniometry to the hip reduction angle measured with the electromagnetic tracking system; and (3) evaluate the hip reduction angle, distraction index and Ortolani manoeuvre at 4 months of age as predictors of the development of hip osteoarthritis at 12 months of age in 11 Labrador Retriever dogs. Intra- and inter-examiner repeatability was demonstrated for both the manual and electromagnetic goniometric measurement of the hip reduction angle (coefficient of variation < 4.3% and < 6.1%; and P = 0.163 and P = 0.836 respectively). The hip reduction angle measured by manual goniometry was moderately correlated to the hip reduction angle measured by the electromagnetic tracking system (r = 0.603, P < 0.0000). The hip reduction angle measured by manual and electromagnetic goniometry was a poor predictor of osteoarthritis at 12 months of age (r = 0.231, P < 0.062, and r = 0.321, P < 0.01). The distraction index was moderately correlated with the development of osteoarthritis by 12 months of age (r = 0.493, P < 0.0000). The Ortolani sign was sensitive (100%) but not specific (41%) for the development of osteoarthritis at 12 months of age. The hip reduction angle did not further quantify the Ortolani manoeuvre as a predictor of osteoarthritis in Labrador Retrievers. 相似文献
24.
Fabrizio Lisi Ramzi Mansour Carmelo Cavallaro Tuğcan Alınç Emanuele Porcu Michele Ricupero Lucia Zappalà Nicolas Desneux Antonio Biondi 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):5003-5014
Background
Although the pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae is used in conservative and augmentative biocontrol of Drosophila suzukii infestations, current pest management strategies mostly rely on multiple insecticide applications. In this context, the aim of the study was to investigate the baseline toxicity of nine insecticides on D. suzukii larvae and their multiple sublethal effects (LC10) on immature stages of the pest feeding on contaminated diet and T. drosophilae developing within the intoxicated host.Results
Chlorpyriphos and azadirachtin showed the lowest and the highest LC10, the values of which were 9.78 × 1013 and 1.46 × 103 times lower than their recommended label field rate, respectively. Among tested insecticides, imidacloprid, malathion and dimethoate were the only treatments that did not affect the juvenile development time of D. suzukii, while spinosad and the organophosphates chlorpyriphos and dimethoate did not influence fly pupal size. No sublethal effects were recorded on T. drosophilae degree of infestation (DI) and juvenile development time. On the contrary, cyazypyr and dimethoate negatively affected the success of parasitism (SP) and the number of progeny of the pupal parasitoid, in association with malathion for the first parameter and spinosad for the fertility. Compared to the untreated control, more female progeny emerged following azadirachtin exposure, while dimethoate caused the opposite effect. Imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin and spinetoram decreased hind tibia length of emerged parasitoids.Conclusion
This study provides new insights on the (eco)toxicological profile of nine insecticides and new information needed to support the deployment of T. drosophilae in the field within the sustainable management techniques against D. suzukii. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献25.
The application of lock-up clutch slip control balances the fuel economy and drivability, and greatly improves the performance of hydraulic automatic transmission. The structure of the lock-up clutch and the friction material of lock-up clutch lining are discussed, a detailed research on varying characteristic due to engaging time during the lock-up clutch engagement is developed, too. By applying the slip control, lower fuel consumption is achieved. 相似文献
26.
27.
According to existent problems on design and application of the cylindrical cam mechanism with the slide roller-follower, the one correct concept about profile design and pressure angle is presented. Based on this concept, the theoretical profile,practical profile,meshing surface equations and pressure angle formula of the cam mechanism are built up by using opp.rotation analysis and offset surface principle. This method is very simple and clear, and avoids the abstract analysing process in meshing principle. The mathematic models built by this paper can be used to design,manufacture and check this type of cam mechanism correctly, and also create conditions to make deeply meshing property analysis of this mechanism. 相似文献
28.
In order to settle some problems involved in applying ANSYS into nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of RC structure,this paper discusses the nonlinear FEM method for staggered joint,incorporating its experimental result.The main solved problems are as follows:(1) The fundamental process of nonlinear FEM analysis;(2) How to model the behaviors of reinforcement and concrete respectively;(3) How to model the bond-slip relationship between reinforcement and concrete. 相似文献
29.
Aiming at the free-riding problem in team incentive, this paper designs a dynamic incentive mechanism based on implicit side contract with dynamic game theory by introducing the reasonable assumption that there is horizontal monitor in team production. The theoretic analysis indicates that the dynamic incentive mechanism, in which a strict group incentive compatibility contract is taken at the first stage and an individual incentive compatibility contract is taken at the second stage, can implement team cooperation uniquely in the general condition of risk aversion and stochastic production by only two stage repeated game. 相似文献
30.