Effects of different organic materials and mineral nutrients on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal growth in a Mediterranean saline dryland     

Edith C. Hammer  Hafedh Nasr 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(11):2332-2337

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbionts that enhance plant growth and improve soil fertility and soil structure in drylands. Even though AM fungi are obligate biotrophs, organic matter (OM) can stimulate their growth, but the mechanisms behind this are still unknown. Here, we compared the effect of nutrient patches of different OM sources to intrinsic components of OM such as inorganic nutrient supply and an improved soil water-holding capacity (WHC; via application of hydrophilic polymers), on AM fungal growth. Fatty acids extracted from in-growth mesh bags incubated in the field were used as biomarkers for AM fungi and other soil microbes. We found an enhancement of AM fungal growth in certain nutrient patches. Two out of three OM types stimulated AM fungal growth strongly, and also the addition of inorganic nutrients enhanced AM fungi, though to a lesser extent than OM. Enhanced soil WHC, on the other hand, did not influence AM fungal growth. AMF were more strongly enhanced by the mineral nutrients relative to other soil organisms. Intrinsic nutrients might be an important factor for AMF growth stimulation in OM additions, but there was no evidence that nutrients alone can explain this phenomenon.  相似文献   

衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同土地利用方式对球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白分布的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨满元  杨宁  刘慧娟  黄雯 《草地学报》2020,28(5):1260-1265

为了明确衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同土地利用方式球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白土层分布模式及其影响因素,本试验选取自然恢复地、草地、灌草地、灌丛地和乔灌地5种不同土地利用方式样地,采集各样地0~10,10~20,20~40 cm土层土样,测定了土样球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白、土壤容重、土壤有机碳、全氮、C/N比、速效磷、土壤pH和土壤蛋白酶活性。结果表明：球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白含量为1.73~3.78 mg·g^-1,占土壤有机碳含量的14.05%~22.08%,是土壤一个重要碳库;球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白在不同土地利用方式和土层剖面之间差异显著;相关性分析表明球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白与土壤有机碳、全氮、C/N比、土壤蛋白酶、速效磷、土壤容重、土壤pH有显著相关性。研究结果表明,球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白是丛枝菌根真菌生长状况和土壤生态系统波动的一个重要指标。  相似文献   

Mineral composition of iron chlorotic citrus limon L. leaves     

J. A. Fernandez‐Lopez  J. M. Lopez‐Roca  L. Almela 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1395-1407

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of iron (Fe) chlorosis on the mineral composition of lemon tree leaves cultivated in calcareous soil in the region of Murcia, Spain. A Fe‐polyflavonoid was employed as fertilizer to control Fe deficiency. The evolution of the leaf content in Fe, potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) was monitored during all the sampling cycle. A high correspondence between total Fe and chlorophyll content could be appreciated. A multivariance analysis was performed with the data obtained, showing that Fe was correlated with P, Mn, and K.  相似文献   

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on rhizosphere organic acid content and microbial activity of trifoliate orange under different low P conditions     

Peng Wang  Tian-Yu Wang  Shao-Hui Wu  Ming-Xia Wen  Lian-Ming Lu  Fu-Zhi Ke 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(14):2029-2042

ABSTRACT

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can improve plant phosphorus (P) uptake; however, information about how AM fungi affect rhizosphere organic acid and microbial activity to alleviate citrus low P stress is limited. Here, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of AM fungi (Rhizophagus intraradices, Ri) inoculation on rhizosphere organic acid content, microbial biomass (MB) and enzyme activity of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) seedlings grown under three low P conditions. The results showed that mycorrhizal seedlings all recorded higher P concentrations, plant biomass and better root morphology with more lateral and fine roots, but lower root mass ratios, irrespective of P conditions. Mycorrhizal P absorption contribution did not differ significantly among three P conditions. Mycorrhizal seedling rhizosphere soil exhibited lower organic acid content, soil organic P content and ratio of MB-carbon (C)/MB-P, but higher MB and enzyme activity. Additionally, the main organic acids showed a negative relationship with mycorrhizal colonization rate and hyphal length; however, phosphatase and phytase activity had a significantly positive relationship with MB. Therefore, the results suggest that AM fungi inoculation may help citrus to efficiently utilize organic P source by improving microbial activity under low available P conditions.  相似文献   

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are directly and indirectly affected by glyphosate application     

《Applied soil ecology》2013

Glyphosate is a systemic non-selective herbicide, the most widely used in the world. Alongside with its use in agricultural and forestry systems, this herbicide is used in grasslands in late summer with the aim of promoting winter species with the consequent increase in stocking rate. However, its effects on non-target organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), are unclear. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize the root of more than 80% of terrestrial plants, improving their growth and survival, and therefore playing a key role in ecosystem structure and function. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible pathways through which glyphosate application affects AMF spores viability and root colonization in grassland communities. Our hypothesis is that glyphosate application can damage AMF directly (through contact with spores and external hyphae) or indirectly through the changes it generates on host plants. The experiment had a factorial array with three factors: (1) plant species, at two levels (Paspalum dilatatum and Lotus tenuis), (2) doses of glyphosate, at three levels (0 l ha⁻¹, 0.8 l ha⁻¹ and 3 l ha ⁻¹), and (3) application site, at two levels: soil (direct pathway) and plant foliage (indirect pathway). Spore viability was reduced even under the lowest glyphosate rate, but only when it was applied on the soil. Total root colonization for both species was similarly decreased when glyphosate was applied to plant foliage or on soil, with no difference between 0.8 and 3 l ha⁻¹. The number of arbuscules was 20% lower when glyphosate was applied on plant foliage, than when it was applied on the soil. Our findings illustrate that glyphosate application negatively affects AMF functionality in grasslands, due to different causes depending on the herbicide application site. While, under field conditions, the occurrence of direct and/or indirect pathways will depend on the plant cover at the time of glyphosate application, the consequences of this practice on the plant community structure will vary with the mycorrhizal dependence of the species composition regardless of the pathway involved.  相似文献   

Earthworms can modify effects of hydrochar on growth of Plantago lanceolata and performance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi     

Mohamed Salem  Josef Kohler  Susanne Wurst  Matthias C. Rillig 《Pedobiologia》2013,56(4-6):219-224

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a method to produce carbonized material at relatively low temperatures (180–250 °C) under pressure and aqueous conditions. The product is called hydrochar and can be used as a soil amendment. However, applied in high dosages it may have detrimental effects on plants or soil biota. The potential impact of hydrochar amendment on beneficial soil organisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and earthworms and their interactions are not well understood. The goal of the present study was to determine effects of hydrochar on plant growth and soil biota and to evaluate interactions of earthworms and hydrochar on plant and AMF performance and to identify underlying mechanisms. In a greenhouse experiment, we investigated the effect of hydrochar at different addition rates (control, 1% and 10%, v/v) with or without the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa on the growth of Plantago lanceolata L. and the performance of its AMF. We observed a positive interaction between earthworms and 10% hydrochar on shoot and root biomass: added as a single treatment hydrochar had a negative effect on plant growth at this dosage, but plant biomass increased significantly when hydrochar was added together with earthworms. Root colonization by AMF increased significantly with increasing concentration of hydrochar, but was not affected by earthworms. Contrastingly, extraradical hyphal length of AMF was reduced by earthworms, but not affected by hydrochar. Thus, hydrochar and earthworms affected the performance of AMF, albeit of different AMF structures and in different directions. Our results indicate that earthworms may play an important role in alleviating the negative impacts of high dosages of hydrochar on plant growth; such interactions should move into focus of future research on potential effects of HTC materials.  相似文献   

丛枝菌根真菌接种诱导的玉米叶片蛋白鉴定及功能分析     

王真辉  袁坤  杨礼富 《热带作物学报》2013,33(7):40-44

采用比较蛋白质组学方法，研究丛枝菌根真菌接种条件下玉米叶片蛋白表达谱的动态变化。以玉米叶片为实验材料，运用双向凝胶电泳技术(2-DE)对丛枝菌根真菌接种后玉米叶片差异表达蛋白进行分离，并通过质谱技术和搜索NCBInr数据库对差异蛋白进行鉴定。结果显示，接种后玉米叶片中有21个蛋白差异表达，其中有8个蛋白被成功鉴定，这些蛋白包括At4g15770、resistance protein candidate RGC2、transducin protein-like(ISS)、similar to dynamin  相似文献   

施磷和接种解磷菌对紫花苜蓿光合特性及生物量的影响     

刘选帅  孙延亮  安晓霞  马春晖  张前兵 《草业学报》2023,32(3):189-199

为探讨不同施磷水平下接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和解磷细菌(PSB)对紫花苜蓿光合特性及生物量的影响,提高紫花苜蓿的磷肥利用效率及优质高产研究、制定科学合理的施肥制度提供理论依据。采用随机区组设计进行盆栽试验,设置4个接菌处理[未接菌对照组(CK,J₀)、单接巨大芽孢杆菌(Bm,J₁)、单接摩西管柄囊霉(Fm,J₂)和双接菌(Bm×Fm,J₃)]和4个施磷(P₂O₅)水平[0(P₀)、50(P₁)、100(P₂)和150 mg·kg-1(P₃)],共计16个处理。通过对紫花苜蓿的叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)、光能利用效率(LUE)、水分利用效率(WUE)、叶绿素[Chl(a+b)]含量和生物量进行测定,并通过相...  相似文献   

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Glomalin‐Related Soil Protein as Potential Indicators of Soil Quality in a Recuperation Gradient of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil     

Rafael L. F. Vasconcellos  Joice Andrade Bonfim  Dilmar Baretta  Elke J. B. N. Cardoso 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(2):325-334

This study aimed at surveying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species and glomalin‐related soil protein (GRSP) to understand their role as presumable biological indicators of soil quality in an undisturbed forest site (NT) and three sites with different management histories, soil textures, and different ages of recovery after reforestation for 20 (R20), 10 (R10) and 5 years (R05). Our objective was to determine how physical, chemical and microbiological soil attributes influence AMF species distribution, total‐GRSP (T‐GRSP) and easily extractable‐GRSP (EE‐GRSP). Glomus and Acaulospora were related to impacted sites, Gigaspora rosea to sites R10 and R20 that have different management histories and soil textures and Glomus geosporum to sites NT and R10, suggesting some influence of texture on its distribution. Scutellospora pellucida and other species were found only in one season. Correlations between EE‐GRSP and T‐GRSP on the one hand and total carbon and nitrogen, dehydrogenase and urease activity, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen, on the other, reached values of 40–70% and were especially strong in summer. Soil bulk density had a negative and macroporosity a positive effect only on EE‐GRSP, suggesting the necessity to choose either EE‐GRSP or T‐GRSP as biological indicator depending on the soil characteristics and management. This study demonstrates the effect of recovery age, seasonality and other soil attributes on AMF and GRSP distribution and shows that these biological attributes may be used as indicators of soil quality in the Atlantic forest in Brazil. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

大棚土壤接种丛枝菌根真菌增强黄瓜枯萎病抑制水平     

HU Jun-Li  LIN Xian-Gui  WANG Jun-Hu  SHEN Wei-Shou  WU Shu  PENG Su-Ping  MAO Ting-Ting 《土壤圈》2010,20(5):586-593

A pot experiment was conducted to study the plant growth and fruit yields of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) on a greenhouse soil with or without inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum under unsterilized conditions. Two AMF inocula were tested: only one AMF strain Glomus caledonium 90036 and an AMF consortium mainly consisting of Glomus spp. and Acaulospora spp. There were four treatments including no inoculation (control), inoculation with F. oxysporum but without mycorrhizae (FO), inoculation with F. oxysporum and G. caledonium (FO+M1), and inoculation with F. oxysporum and the AMF consortium (FO+M2). Cucumber plants were harvested at weeks 3 and 9 after transplanting. Compared with the control, the FO treatment without AMF inoculation had less biomass both at weeks 3 and 9 (P < 0.05) and had higher incidence of Fusarium wilt and produced no cucumber fruit at week 9. Both FO+M1 and FO+M2 treatments had higher mycorrhizal colonization than the treatments which received no AMF inoculation at week 3 (P < 0.05), but only the FO+M2 treatment elevated plant biomass, decreased the incidence of Fusarium wilt, and improved cucumber yields to the same level as the control at week 9. The results indicated that the AMF consortium could suppress Fusarium wilt of cucumber and, therefore, showed potential as a biological control agent in greenhouse agroecosystems.  相似文献