AM真菌对桑树根围土壤团聚体的影响机制   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

肖玖军  邢丹  毛明明  王岩 《土壤学报》2020,57(3):773-782

为揭示丛枝菌根 (Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌对植桑土壤的影响及机制,采用盆栽试验研究接种摩西管柄囊霉 (Funneliformis mosseae,Fm)和根内根生囊霉 (Rhizophagus intraradices,Ri)对土壤有机碳(Soil organic carbon, SOC)、球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白 (Glomalin related soil protein, GRSP)及团聚体组成与稳定性的影响。结果表明：⑴ 接种Ri显著增加土壤大团聚体百分比,并提高平均质量直径 (Mean weight diameter, MWD)和几何平均直径 (Geometric mean diameter, GMD)、显著降低团聚体破坏率 (Percentage of aggregate destruction, PAD)。⑵ 接种Fm和Ri均显著增加微团聚体SOC含量,接种Fm显著降低大团聚体总GRSP含量,而接种Ri却显著增加大团聚体和微团聚体总GRSP含量及易提取GRSP含量。⑶ 接种AM真菌对整体SOC的效应为负,土壤总GRSP对SOC占比在25.5%~76.5%之间,土壤易提取GRSP对SOC占比在4.87%~5.93%之间,且Ri的接种效应高于Fm。⑷ 总GRSP、易提取GRSP和SOC对团聚体组成表现均为正向显著影响,其中易提取GRSP是主要驱动因子,而总GRSP是土壤团聚体稳定性的主要影响因子。综上,AM真菌作用下桑树根围土壤团聚体得以改善并趋于稳定,Ri的接种效应明显大于Fm;土壤团聚体的形成主要依赖易提取GRSP,而其稳定性主要受总GRSP影响。  相似文献   

玛纳斯河流域盐渍化弃耕地新垦土地对土壤有机碳及团聚体稳定性的变化分析     

雷军  雷子莹  林海荣  韩春丽  张凤华 《安徽农业科学》2014,(28):9755-9757,9859

[目的]对玛纳斯河流域不同恢复模式下盐渍化弃耕地土壤有机碳及团聚体稳定性的变化特征进行分析.[方法]以玛纳斯河流域为背景,选取典型的重度盐渍化弃耕地为试验区.随着弃耕地变成棉田年限的增加,土壤有机碳（SOC）含量增加,开垦2、5和10年的土壤微生物生物量碳（MBC）和易氧化有机碳（LOC）的含量以及土壤水溶性有机碳（WSOC）和土壤热水溶性有机碳（HWSOC）的含量较弃耕地高.连续人工开垦后SOC和大团聚体（＞1 mm）含量增加,土壤团聚体稳定性增强,其中开垦10年0～5、5～10 cm土层＞1mm团聚体分别占56.9％和56.7％,团粒指数下降至43.9％.[结论]水稳性团聚体的含量与SOC和土壤HWSOC达到0.05水平显著正相关.玛纳斯河流域盐渍化弃耕地新垦土地对绿洲农田土壤HWSOC对维持土壤团聚体稳定性的贡献明显.  相似文献   

有机更新理论及其思考     

张晓婧 《农业科技与信息》2007,(11)

本文对有机更新理论的提出及其概念内涵进行了介绍,总结了该理论在目前中国的发展应用,分析了该理论目前在我国存在的问题,提出了自己对该理论在我国应用的几点建议。希望通过对有机更新理论的继承和拓展、创新,将其用于城市化加速发展中的广大旧城地区,以解决目前大量人口、物质的不断集中和旧城老化、衰退的矛盾,同时塑造良好的人居环境。  相似文献   

Effects of steroid hormones on in vitro oocyte maturation in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)     

M.A.H. Webb  J.P. Van Eenennaam  S.I. Doroshov 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2000,23(4):317-325

The in vitro effects of several steroids on the maturation of intact white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) ovarian follicles were investigated. At the highest concentration (1024 ng ml^–1 for the C21 steroids and 1139 ng ml^–1 for the C19 steroids), all of the C21 steroids tested, progesterone (P4), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-P), 17,(20,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one 20-S), 11-deoxycortisol (S) and cortisol (F), as well as testosterone (T) induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) at 14 and 22 h. At 6 h, only P4 and 17,20-P induced maturation at the highest concentration (1024 ng ml^–1). At 14 and 22 h, 11-deoxycortisol was the most potent steroid inducer of GVBD followed by P4, 17OHP, 17,20-P, and 20-S. The steroid 11-hydroxytestosterone (11OHT) was completely ineffective at all concentrations and exposure times. The C21 steroids induced oocyte maturation at concentrations ranging from 4 to 1024 ng ml^–1, whereas T induced GVBD at 225 to 1139 ng ml^–1. Calculation of the mean effective concentration that induced 50% GVBD (EC50) from the 22 h incubations revealed the following order of potencies: S > P4 > 17OHP > 17,20-P > 20-S >> F > T. These bioassay results, together with previous findings on the endogenous production of steroids by ovarian follicles from gonadotropin-primed females, indicate that more than one steroid has a biological role in the resumption of meiosis in sturgeon oocytes and provides empirical evidence for P4, 17OHP, S, 20-S, and 17,20-P as maturation-inducing steroids in white sturgeon.  相似文献   

长期不同氮肥施用量对潮土团聚体分布和真菌群落组成的影响          下载免费PDF全文

郭伟  周云鹏  陈美淇  李丹丹  王青霞  马东豪  赵炳梓 《土壤学报》2024,61(3)

不同氮肥施用量显著改变团聚体分布、真菌群落组成及生物胶结物质的产生，但它们之间是否存在相关性尚不清楚。以中国科学院封丘农业生态实验站长期定位试验（2005—2020年）为研究平台，其包含5个施氮水平：0（F0）、150 kg?hm-2（F1）、190 kg?hm-2（F2）、230 kg?hm-2（F3）和270 kg?hm-2（F4），研究了不同施氮量对土壤团聚体组成（>2 000 μm、2 000～250 μm、250～53 μm和<53 μm）的影响，以及团聚体组成与生物胶结物质（球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白（GRSP）及微生物生物量碳（MBC））和土壤真菌之间的相关关系。结果表明，土壤团聚体分布和真菌群落组成分为显著不同的3组，分别为F0、F1和F2以及F3和F4，其中，（1）F1和F2处理团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）最高，同时大于2 000 μm团聚体的质量比例显著增加，并与拟棘壳孢属（Pyrenochaetopsis）富集有关；（2）F1和F2、F3和F4处理均表现为2 000～250 μm团聚体的质量比例增加，而小于53 μm粉黏粒质量比例显著降低，2 000～250 μm团聚体的质量比例增加主要与易提取球囊霉素和总球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白比值（EE-GRSP/T-GRSP）以及易提取球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白（EE-GRSP）显著正相关，而与亚隔孢壳属（Didymella）和被孢霉属（Mortierella）相对丰度显著负相关；小于53 μm粉黏粒质量比例显著降低主要与被孢霉属（Mortierella）、白腐菌属（Phlebia）、黑孢壳属（Melanospora）、Fusicolla、柄孢壳属（Podospora）和亚隔孢壳属（Didymella）相对丰度显著正相关，而与EE-GRSP和/或支顶孢属（Acremonium）、柱霉属（Scytalidium）、外瓶霉属（Exophiala）、EE-GRSP/T-GRSP、MBC显著负相关。因此，土壤团聚体稳定性的变异程度受氮肥施用水平影响。本研究条件下，150 kg?hm-2和190 kg?hm-2施氮水平下的团聚体稳定性超过230 kg?hm-2和270 kg?hm-2施氮水平，与不同施氮量下真菌群落组成及其胶结物质变化显著相关。  相似文献   

黄河治理与排灌事业   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

高良润 《排灌机械》2000,18(5):3-6

西部大开发首当其冲的是贡河治理问题。文中论述了黄河流载的黄河治理、排灌事业、防止断流、节水农业四个问题。  相似文献   

Changes during winter in water‐stable aggregation due to crop residue quality     

C. Le Guillou  D. A. Angers  P. Leterme  S. Menasseri‐Aubry 《Soil Use and Management》2012,28(4):590-595

There is a need to develop practices that contribute to increased water‐stable aggregation (WSA) during winter in a humid temperate climate when soil is particularly prone to water erosion. Our objectives were to determine the effects of crop residue quality on WSA during winter and to relate these effects to biochemical indicators of fungal and bacterial biomass. Three graminae crop residues were selected for their different C/N ratios and biochemical characteristics (green oat residues, C/N = 18.8; wheat straw, C/N = 125.6; and mature miscanthus residues, C/N = 311.3). In October 2009, crop residues were added with an equivalent amount of C in the 0–10 cm layer to a Luvisol in north‐west France. WSA, expressed as mean weight diameter (MWD), amino sugar, soil mineral N and water contents were measured at regular intervals during 5 months. Aggregate MWD of the control soil decreased rapidly and remained low until the last sampling date in March which illustrates the structural vulnerability of bare soils in winter in this pedo‐climatic area. The incorporation of all three crop residues had significant positive impacts on aggregate MWD. Despite widely different C/N ratios, the maximum MWD under each treatment was similar (three times greater than the control soil). Maximum MWD occurred at times that clearly depended on residue quality. Maximum values occurred early for green oat (29 day), but were delayed to 50 day for wheat straw and to 154 day for miscanthus. Results from correlation analysis suggest that variations in WSA were partly mediated by microbial agents with a dominant effect of bacteria for green oat and a combined role of fungal and bacterial biomass for wheat straw. We suggest that the maximum MWD associated with the miscanthus late in the experiment is related to changes in the composition of the fungal community. Overall, our study shows that autumn application of crop residues increases WSA during winter with its effect being microbially mediated and determined by residue quality.  相似文献   

Herd prevalence of Salmonella enterica infections in Danish slaughter pigs determined by microbiological testing     

D. L. Baggesen  H. C. Wegener  F. Bager  H. Stege  J. Christensen 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1996,26(3-4):201-213

As a part of a nationwide programme to survey and control salmonella in pig herds, a microbiological survey of 1363 pig herds was performed in Denmark. A total of 13 468 slaughter pigs were examined at slaughter by culture of 5 g of caecal contents. Overall, 30 different serotypes of Salmonella enterica were isolated from 832 pigs (6.2%). The predominant serotype was S. Typhimurium, comprising 536 (64.4%) of the isolates. Four hundred and forty-eight isolates of S. Typhimurium were examined by phage typing, resulting in detection of 17 different phage types (definitive types, DT) with DT12 being the most frequent (49.1%).

Salmonella enterica was found in 302 herds (22.2%), S. Typhimurium was found in 61.1% of these. 279 (23.1%) large herds (producing more than 2600 slaughter pigs per year) were found to be salmonella positive compared with 23 (14.7 %) small herds (annual production of 500 to 550 slaughter pigs). Practical constraints in the study design did not allow for a firm conclusion on the interplay among herd size, geographical location and occurrence of salmonella.

In 284 of 302 infected herds (94.0%) only one serotype was detected. Infections with two different serovars were seen in 18 herds (6.0%).  相似文献   

Research Progress of the Cure Effect of Eelectrochemotherapy on Tumor     

XIONG Lan  SUN Cai xin  LI Da qiang  LIAO Rui jin  HU Li na 《保鲜与加工》2002,(5):70-72

Electrochemotherapy is a new therapy on curing tumor, and it consists of two therapies, which are direct current electrochemotherapy and electric pulse aided antitumor medicine electrochemotherapy. Its widely application prospect is being taken on. Researchers home and overseas study deeply in the wide field of its cure mechanism, ways and means, animal tests and clinical application. Medical studies have shown that electrochemotherapy is an easily operated therapy with excellent curative effect and security. On the basis of these studies, a new therapy is put forward, that is, energy-controllable steep pulse therapy, electric pulse' killing effect on cell membrane is called as irreversible breakdown, and the first-stage study results of this new therapy are introduced.  相似文献   

Hydrofracturing Breakdown Modes Under Different In-Situ Stress States     

Yang Youkui Xiao Changfu Wu Gang Qiu Xiande 《保鲜与加工》1993,(3):30-35

An analysis is made for various kinds of possible breakdown modes during hydrofracture,and the corresponding breakdown pressure,from which a method is given to distinguish which kind of failure mode practically occured. The analysis shows that the initial failure mode at the wellbore wall may be the pure tension failure or shear failure according to different stress states and mechanical properties of rock,therefore there are two different stress state configurations resulting in vertical shear fractures.  相似文献