Effect of wheat germ flour addition on wheat flour,dough and Chinese steamed bread properties     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2015

Wheat germ flour (WGF) has been developed as a functional food ingredient with high nutritional value. In this study, WGF was applied in steamed bread-making in order to improve the quality of Chinese steamed bread (CSB). Partial substitution of wheat flour with WGF at levels of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% (w/w) was carried out to investigate physicochemical properties of blends and their steaming performance. Falling number (FN) values of composite flours ranged from 199 to 223 s. Viscosity analysis results showed that wheat flour mixed with WGF had higher pasting temperature and lower viscosities. Dough rheological properties were also investigated using farinograph and extensograph. The addition of WGF diluted the gluten protein in dough and formed weak and inextensible dough, which can be studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. CSB made with WGF had significantly lower volume, specific volume and higher spread ratio. The sensory acceptability and physicochemical quality of CSB were improved with the application of a low level of WGF (3% and 6%). However, results showed that a high level of WGF over 9% is not recommended because of unsatisfactory taste. As a whole, addition of appropriate level of WGF in wheat flour could improve the quality of CSB.  相似文献   

Rapid,non-destructive carbon analysis of forest soils using neutron-induced gamma-ray spectroscopy     

Lucian Wielopolski  Ruth D. Yanai  Carrie R. Levine  Sudeep Mitra  Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

Forest soils are pivotal to understanding global carbon (C) cycling and evaluating policies for mitigating global change. However, they are very difficult to monitor because of the heterogeneity of soil characteristics, the difficulty of representative sampling, and the slow time scale of response to environmental change. Here we demonstrate that use of gamma-ray spectroscopy facilitates in situ non-destructive analysis of C and other elements in forest soils. In this approach the element-specific gamma-rays are induced by fast and thermal neutrons interacting with the nuclei of the elements present in the soil. Background gamma-rays emanating from naturally occurring radionuclides in the forest are recorded as well. We applied this approach in a mature northern hardwood forest on glacial till soils at the Bartlett Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA. The inelastic neutron scattering (INS) system yielded strong signals in gamma-ray counts/h, from C and other elements present in the soil matrix that included silicon, oxygen, hydrogen, iron, aluminum, manganese and potassium. The INS sensitivity for carbon was 20.656 counts h⁻¹ kg⁻¹ C m⁻² based on current net C gamma-ray counts and the data for the O horizon and mineral soil to a depth of 30 cm obtained from a nearby quantitative soil pit (7.35 kg C m⁻²). We estimate the minimum detectable change to be ∼0.34 kg C m⁻², which is ∼5% of the current soil C content, and the minimum detectable limit to be ∼0.23 kg C m⁻². Eight % reproducibility from 11 measurements was limited, in part, by the large variability in the system counting geometry due to the uneven forest microtopography. The INS approach has the potential to revolutionize belowground monitoring of C and other elements, because the possibility of detecting a 5% change in forest soils has not been possible with destructive sampling methods.  相似文献   

不同粒级土壤团聚体对砷(Ⅴ)的吸附与解吸影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈朕  梁成华  杜立宇  郭冉 《西南农业学报》2013,26(3)

本文以辽宁省朝阳市日光温室耕层土壤作为研究对象,探讨不同粒径团聚体对土壤中砷(As(Ⅴ))吸附解吸的影响.结果表明,不同粒级团聚体对As(Ⅴ)的吸附和解吸能力均符合Freundlich拟合方程,R2介于0.9528 ～0.9972之间,其中＜53μm粒径团聚体对As(Ⅴ)的吸附、解吸能力最强,并随着粒径的增大,吸附、解吸能力均降低,且不同粒径对As的吸附与解吸能力呈显著正相关关系.随着溶液中As(Ⅴ)的浓度的提高,各粒径团聚体对As(Ⅴ)的吸附、解吸能力均提高,K值介于17.75 ～50.51之间.不同粒级团聚体对As(Ⅴ)的吸附量与土壤有机质含量、游离氧化铁含量及CEC含量之间均呈正相关关系,说明团聚体对As(Ⅴ)的吸附受到土壤团粒胶结剂的影响.  相似文献   

Influence of Aggregate Size,Electrolyte Concentration,and Sodium Adsorption Ratio on Crack Parameters of a Vertisol     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11-12):1712-1721

Shrinking–swelling and crack formation influence soil physical behavior and productivity. Soil factors affecting crack formation and dimensions are clay content and mineralogy, aggregate stability as well as total concentration (C_t), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of soil solution. Tillage intensity, which determines aggregate size, may also play a significant role in crack formation and dimensions. In the present work, total length, mean width, total area, and cover percentage of cracks were studied, under laboratory conditions, in beds of two aggregate sizes (<1 and 2–1 mm) of a Vertisol. The beds were saturated, equilibrated with sodium chloride (NaCl)/calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solutions of C_t 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mmol/L and SARs 0, 2, 5, 10, and 20 (mmol/L)^1/2, and allowed to air‐dry. After air‐drying, pictures of the samples were taken and used for the calculation of crack parameters by a scanning program. The results showed that aggregate size was the dominant factor determining the crack parameters: the cracks formed in beds of aggregates <1 mm were wider and of a smaller total length, total area, and cover percentage (p < 0.05) than those cracks formed in beds of aggregates 2–1 mm in size. It was also determined that changes of C_t resulted in a greater influence on crack characteristics than changes of SAR in the equilibrating solutions.  相似文献   

Effects of diatomite on soil physical properties   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ekrem Lutfi AksakalIlker Angin  Taskin Oztas 《CATENA》2012,88(1):1-5

Organic and inorganic soil amendments are commonly added to soil for improving its physical and chemical characteristics which promote plant growth. Although many inorganic amendments are extensively used for this purpose, diatomite (DE) is not commonly used. This study was conducted to determine effects of diatomite applications (10, 20, and 30% v/v) on physical characteristics of soils with different textures (Sandy Loam, Loam, and Clay), under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that diatomite application protects large aggregate (> 6.4 mm) formation in clay-textured soils, however it reduced the mean weight diameter in sand-textured soil. 30% diatomite reduced mean weight diameter in sand-textured soils from 1.74 to 1.49 mm. Diatomite applications significantly increased aggregate stability of all the experimental soils in all aggregate size fractions. In overall, aggregate stability increased from 28.04% to 45.70% with the application rate of 30%. Diatomite application also significantly increased soil moisture content at field capacity in SL textured soil. 30% diatomite increased field capacity in sand-textured soil in the percent of 43.78 as compared with control. Therefore it is suggested that diatomite may be considered as a soil amendment agent for improving soil physical characteristics. However, its effectiveness in enhancing soil properties depends on initial soil factors and texture. Moreover, since its protective effect against large aggregate (> 6.4 mm) formation and reducing effect on soil penetration resistance in clay textured soils, diatomite might be an alternative soil amendment agent in soil tillage practices and seedling.  相似文献   

蜗壳式混流泵空化工况扬程下降机理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

施伟;张大庆;潘中永;李彦军;袁寿其 《排灌机械》2013,(10):851-855

基于Rayleigh-Plesset方程的空化模型和剪切应力输运湍流模型(SST),应用计算流体动力学技术,对比转数n s为449的蜗壳式混流泵设计工况下的流场进行空化数值模拟分析.根据模拟结果获取了该泵的空化特性曲线,对开始发生空化、临界空化和空化严重3种工况下叶轮内的空化现象进行分析,并找到混流泵空化断裂和扬程下降的原因.数值模拟结果和试验结果一致,误差在5%以内.模拟分析结果表明:流道内的空泡增多到一定程度后会使液体发生边界层分离,产生旋涡,通过叶轮流道内空泡体积分数和叶片背面流线分布图可以看出,旋涡是导致该混流泵空化断裂工况下扬程下降的最主要原因,初步揭示了混流泵内空化流场的分布规律.  相似文献   

集中水流内红壤分离速率与团聚体特征及抗剪强度定量关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王军光  李朝霞  蔡崇法  杨伟  马仁明  张国彪 《土壤学报》2011,48(6):1133-1140

为明确红壤结构特征与抗剪强度对坡面土壤分离能力的影响,选取8种典型红壤为研究对象,通过团聚体稳定性分析,饱和抗剪强度测定,和室内模拟冲刷试验,就各参数间定量关系进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明:团聚体稳定性特征参数As集合了红壤团聚体破碎的主要机制,与不同水流剪切力中红壤分离速率有较好的相关性;红壤饱和抗剪强度(σs)与集中水流内临界水流剪切力(τc)呈较好的线性关系。基于WEPP细沟侵蚀模型,将团聚体稳定性特征参数As代替可蚀性因子Kc,饱和抗剪强度(σs)代替临界水流剪切力(τc),得出新的预测方程。结果显示预测方程能准确的预测坡面集中水流内红壤分离速率(R2=0.887 1)。该结果为深入研究红壤侵蚀机理提供了新思路,对完善侵蚀物理过程模型具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

长期施肥对土壤团聚体分布和养分含量的影响   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

刘中良  宇万太  周桦  徐永刚  黄宝同 《土壤》2011,43(5):720-728

土壤团聚体组成和土壤养分状况是评价土壤肥力的两个重要指标。不同粒级的团聚体在营养元素的保持、供应及转化能力等方面发挥着不同的作用。本文通过比较长期施肥对土壤团聚体的分布和对土壤养分在团聚体分布变化的影响,全面评价长期施肥对改善土壤肥力状况的作用。结果表明：长期施肥减少＞5 mm 的非团粒结构的数量,增加 0.25 ~ 5 mm 团聚体的含量,改善了土壤的物理结构;土壤大团聚体中含有更多的全 C、全 N、全 P,因此大团聚体对养分的保持有重要作用;施肥对速效养分含量影响显著,碱解 N 含量随粒级的减小而增加,有利于作物的吸收;肥料的施加使得小粒级团聚体对土壤养分储量的贡献率越来越突出,更利于养分的供给。此外,研究还发现耕作条件下有机无机肥配施不利于较小粒级团聚体全 N 和全 P 的保持。  相似文献   

721分光光度计一例疑难故障分析     

王春 《河北北方学院学报(自然科学版)》2003,(3)

分析了721分光光度计的一例由电路引起的特殊仪器故障并对仪器使用中的常见调节故障进行了分析说明,为721分光光度计的维修提供了一定的经验.  相似文献   

黄土区切沟治理水土保持效益的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨华  刘家玲 《北京林业大学学报》2001,23(2):49-52

为研究黄土区切沟治理效益 ,在山西吉县进行大量的调查研究 .研究表明 :治理切沟的防洪减沙效益十分明显 ,降雨量为 70 .4mm ,30min最大雨强 0 .92mm min .未治理切沟土壤侵蚀量达 2 389t km2 ,而治理切沟水沙尚未出沟 .同时对治理切沟不同部位的不同林分土壤含水量、土壤理化性质等进行了研究 ,发现切沟内塌积土上林木生长、理化性质均优于其它地形部位  相似文献