大豆蛋白酶解物的抗消化性及离子强度对其聚集的影响     

张彬  刘贺  徐婧婷  郭顺堂 《大豆科学》2011,30(4):632-637

分别采用体积排阻色谱和Folin-酚法测定了经酸性蛋白酶(蛋白酶M、胃蛋白酶)、中性蛋白酶(蛋白酶A、蛋白酶N)、枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶Alcalase酶解后制得的大豆肽经过模拟体内消化之后分子量的变化,以及离子强度对酶解物聚合的影响.大豆肽的高效液相色谱体积排阻色谱图显示,50％左右的大豆肽的分子量集中在10～30 kD...  相似文献   

Soil organic carbon and aggregation under poplar based agroforestry system in relation to tree age and soil type     

Naveen Gupta  S. S. Kukal  S. S. Bawa  G. S. Dhaliwal 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,76(1):27-35

The poplar based agroforestry system improves aggregation of soil through huge amounts of organic matter in the form of leaf biomass. The extent of improvement may be affected by the age of the poplar trees and the soil type. The surface and subsurface soil samples from agroforestry and adjoining non-agroforestry sites with different years of poplar plantation (1, 3 and 6 years) and varying soil textures (loamy sand and sandy clay) were analyzed for soil organic carbon, its sequestration and aggregate size distribution. The average soil organic carbon increased from 0.36 in sole crop to 0.66% in agroforestry soils. The increase was higher in loamy sand than sandy clay. The soil organic carbon increased with increase in tree age. The soils under agroforestry had 2.9–4.8 Mg ha⁻¹ higher soil organic carbon than in sole crop. The poplar trees could sequester higher soil organic carbon in 0–30 cm profile during the first year of their plantation (6.07 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) than the subsequent years (1.95–2.63 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). The sandy clay could sequester higher carbon (2.85 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) than in loamy sand (2.32 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). The mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregates increased by 3.2, 7.3 and 13.3 times in soils with 1, 3 and 6 years plantation, respectively from that in sole crop. The increase in MWD with agroforestry was higher in loamy sand than sandy clay soil. The water stable aggregates (WSA >0.25 mm) increased by 14.4, 32.6 and 56.9 times in soils with 1, 3 and 6 years plantation, respectively, from that in sole crop. The WSA >0.25 mm were 6.02 times higher in loamy sand and 2.2 times in sandy clay than in sole crop soils.  相似文献   

Multiscale spatial variation of the bark beetle Ips sexdentatus damage in a pine plantation forest (Landes de Gascogne,Southwestern France)     

J.-P. Rossi  J.-C. Samalens  D. Guyon  I. van Halder  H. Jactel  P. Menassieu  D. Piou 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Bark beetles are notorious pests of natural and planted forests causing extensive damage. These insects depend on dead or weakened trees but can switch to healthy trees during an outbreak as mass-attacks allow the beetle to overwhelm tree defences. Climatic events like windstorms are known to favour bark beetle outbreaks because they create a large number of breeding sites, i.e., weakened trees and for this reason, windthrown timber is generally preventively harvested and removed. In December 1999, the southwest of France was struck by a devastating windstorm that felled more that 27 million m³of timber. This event offered the opportunity to study large-scale spatial pattern of trees attacked by the bark beetle Ips sexdentatus and its relationship with the spatial location of pine logs that were temporally stored in piles along stand edges during the post-storm process of fallen tree removal. The study was undertaken in a pure maritime pine forest of 1300 ha in 2001 and 2002. We developed a landscape approach based on a GIS and a complete inventory of attacked trees. During this study more than 70% of the investigated stands had at least one tree attacked by I. sexdentatus  . Spatial aggregation prevailed in stands with n≥15$n\ge 15$ attacked trees. Patches of attacked trees were identified using a kernel estimation procedure coupled with randomization tests. Attacked trees formed patches of 500–700 m² on average which displayed a clumped spatial distribution. Log piles stemming from the sanitation removals were mainly distributed along the large access roads and showed an aggregated spatial pattern as well. The spatial relationship between patches of attacked trees and log pile storage areas was analyzed by means of the Ripley’s statistic that revealed a strong association at the scale of the studied forest. Our results indicated that bark beetle attacks were facilitated in the vicinity of areas where pine logs were stored. The spatial extent of this relationship was >1000 m. Similar results were obtained in 2001 and 2002 despite differences in the number and spatial distribution of attacked trees. The presence of a strong “facilitation effect” suggests that log piles should be removed quickly in order to prevent outbreaks of bark beetles.  相似文献   

基于直觉模糊IFWA算子的水利工程总承包交易模式选择研究     

简迎辉  张勇 《中国农村水利水电》2012,(2):142-145

针对水利工程总承包交易现状,分析研究了3种经典工程总承包交易模式,并根据现实需要将其进行细分。构建选择指标体系,提出在水利工程总承包交易模式的选择实践中运用直觉模糊决策法代替传统的模糊综合评价法,并利用 集成算子将决策信息转化为精确实数,对备选方案进行排序。最后,通过算例说明了该方法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

Within-field variability of Fusarium head blight pathogens and their associated mycotoxins   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

X.-M. Xu  D. W. Parry  P. Nicholson  M. A. Thomsett  D. Simpson  S. G. Edwards  B. M. Cooke  F. M. Doohan  S. Monaghan  A. Moretti  G. Tocco  G. Mule  L. Hornok  E. Béki  J. Tatnell  A. Ritieni 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(1):21-34

Within-field variability in the Fusarium head blight (FHB) and its associated mycotoxins was studied in four European countries. At each of 14 sites, each FHB pathogen and associated mycotoxins were quantified in 16 quadrat samples at harvest. Overall, the incidence of quadrat samples with detectable and quantifiable pathogen DNA was significantly lower in the grain than in the corresponding chaff. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was the most frequently detected toxin in the samples and its accumulation was most strongly associated with the presence of Fusarium graminearum. Nivalenol (NIV) accumulation was significantly associated only with the presence of F. culmorum. Zearalenone (ZON) accumulation was strongly associated with the presence of all three pathogens (F. graminearum, F. culmorum and F. poae). The levels of both DON and ZON concentrations were positively related to the amount of F. graminearum DNA in the grain or in the chaff. The presence/absence of FHB pathogens within a single quadrat appeared to be independent of each other. The presence of a particular FHB pathogen and the amount of its DNA, as well as the associated mycotoxin(s), varied greatly among samples at each site. This study demonstrated the large extent of within-field variability of FHB and its associated mycotoxins, and the importance of representative sampling in FHB studies.  相似文献   

Soil Organic Matter/Carbon Dynamics in Contrasting Tillage and Land Management Systems: A Case for Smallholder Farmers with Degraded and Marginal Soils     

Prince Chinedu Peter 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(17):2013-2031

This study reveals that soil organic matter (SOM) is 58% soil organic carbon (SOC) and the processes that govern SOM dynamics include those that promote SOM synthesis from organic inputs and those that decrease SOM through decomposition. Land use is a key determinant of SOC dynamics and spatial differences in SOM. Agricultural soils can accommodate extra carbon (C) between 140 and 170 Pg C. Globally sub soils store more than half of total SOC. The SOM can increase under no-tillage management even with low crop residue input. Soil tillage induces loss of carbon in macroaggregates (>250 μm) and a gain of carbon in microaggregates (<250 μm). The stage of plant development rather than plant species determines carbon dynamics from plants to soil, and the rate depends on the plant development. However, sorption of dissolved organic matter to mineral soil influences the stabilization of dissolved organic matter.  相似文献   

特定pH条件下Ca²⁺/Cu²⁺引发胡敏酸胶体凝聚的比较研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

高晓丹  李航  朱华玲  田锐 《土壤学报》2012,49(4):698-707

土壤腐殖质颗粒与金属离子间的相互作用深刻地影响着土壤中的微观过程和宏观现象的发生。而胡敏酸是土壤腐殖质的主要组成物质,本文利用光散射技术研究了不同浓度的Ca(NO3)2和Cu(NO3)2溶液中胡敏酸胶体颗粒的凝聚过程和形成凝聚体的结构,并在此基础上进行比较分析。结果表明:由于Ca2+和Cu2+在带电胶体表面的吸附方式不同而对胡敏酸胶体的凝聚的影响表现出很大差异。(1)散射光强的稳定与否可以反映体系的稳定性,Ca(NO3)2体系中散射光强可以在较宽的电解质浓度范围从0 mmol L-1至20 mmol L-1内保持稳定,而Cu(NO3)2体系中光强稳定的电解质浓度范围较窄,只有0 mmol L-1至3 mmol L-1。(2)随电解质浓度的提高,两种电解质体系中凝聚体的有效粒径随时间先呈线性增长再呈幂函数增长,但胡敏酸胶体凝聚过程对Cu(NO3)2体系浓度变化的敏感性远大于Ca(NO3)2体系,并且1 mmol L-1Cu2+吸附下胡敏酸胶体的凝聚速率为69.55 nm min-1,近乎是7.5 mmol L-1Ca2+吸附下凝聚速率23.94 nm min-1的3倍,可见Cu2+作用下颗粒的平均凝聚速率远远高于Ca2+作用的情况。(3)Ca(NO3)2体系中,电解质浓度越高形成凝聚体的结构越开放,但放置50 d后分形维数变小,结构变得更加疏松,说明该凝聚过程具有可逆性;而Cu2+作用下形成的凝聚体初期结构开放度较高,在放置50 d后分形维数变大,结构更加致密紧实,说明该凝聚过程具有不可逆性。这些信息为研究腐殖质超分子聚合物的形成机制提供了新思路。  相似文献   

触角和光暗对荔枝蝽若虫聚集行为的影响     

黎荣欣  王玉洁  高景林  赵怡楠  赵冬香 《热带作物学报》2013,34(8):1535-1538

采用封闭空间生物测定法,研究有无触角时以及光照和黑暗条件下,荔枝蝽若虫的聚集情况。结果表明,未剪除触角的荔枝蝽若虫的聚集百分比为46％～68％,而剪除触角的荔枝蝽的聚集百分比为22％～38％,两者间差异达到显著水平。光暗条件对荔枝蝽的聚集行为没有明显影响。  相似文献   

基于DLA模型模拟植物生长系统的设计与实现     

吴婷婷 《长江大学学报》2009,(2):232-234

概述了分形理论的产生和DLA扩散有限凝聚模型,提出了基于DLA模型在计算机上进行植物生长模拟的实现方法。并在此基础上,设计了一个基于Visual Basic平台的分形生长模拟系统,并对模拟的结果进行了讨论,同时给出了模拟效果图。  相似文献   

Syntheses and thermal properties of 5,10-disubstituted-2,3,7,8-tetracyano-5,10-dihydrodipyrazino[2,3-b:2′,3′-e]pyrazines and polymeric porphyrazines derived from 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanopyrazine     

Jae-yun Jaung  Sung Dong Kim 《Fibers and Polymers》2000,1(2):71-75

Intermolecular cyclization of 2-alkylamino-3-chloro-5,6-dicyanopyrazine2 in the presence of tributylamine in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) gave 5,10-disubstituted-2,3,7,8-tetracyano-5,10-dihydrodipyrazino[2,3-b:2′,3′-e]pyrazines3, which showed strong mesomorphic property and were anticipated as new chromophoric system for functional dye materials. Absorption spectra, fluorescent properties and other physical properties were correlated with their chemical structures. Vanadyl oligomeric porphyrazine with long alkyl groups synthesized from3 had satisfactory solubility in tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The syntheses and characterization of vanadyl polymeric porphyrazines derived from3 with long alkyl groups are reported.  相似文献