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31.
Assessing the effectiveness of manure export plus intensive silage cropping for lowering the Olsen‐P status of P‐enriched grassland
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J. S. Bailey 《Soil Use and Management》2015,31(4):438-439
A substantial proportion of farmed grassland soils in Northern Ireland (NI) are overly enriched with P and pose a risk to water quality. To address this problem, manure could be exported rather than recycled to P‐enriched land and the latter intensively cropped with grass silage to deplete soil P. To assess the efficacy of such a strategy, a P‐ and K‐enriched grassland site was intensively cropped over a 6‐yr period with fertilizer N alone supplied to support silage growth. By year 6, soil P had declined from index 5 to index 3, and it was estimated that two more years of this management may bring it into the target index 2 range. Soil K, however, declined rapidly from index 4 to index 1 in just 4 yr, with the result that grass production became limited by K deficiency. It was concluded that nonrecycling of manure to P‐enriched grassland under silage management is probably the most effective strategy for lowering soil P status, but care must be taken to prevent K deficiency occurring. 相似文献
32.
为提高豆科决明属(Chamaecrista spp.)牧草的结瘤能力和固氮效率,促进决明属牧草在酸性土壤中的应用及推广,本研究以圆叶决明(Chamaecrista rotundifolia)和羽叶决明(Chamaecrasta nictitans)为试验材料,通过分离、纯化、nodA基因鉴定等方法,从酸性土壤里决明属牧草的根瘤中分离到10株候选根瘤菌株系。16S rDNA测序及系统发育树分析表明,这10株根瘤菌均属于慢生型根瘤菌。回接试验表明,上述10株根瘤菌均能与圆叶决明共生,形成根瘤。与不接种的对照相比,其固氮酶活性为0.08~4.65 μmol·g-1·h-1,植株干重、SPAD值和氮含量分别提高了99.17%~372.14%,399.27%~789.05%,235.00%~1043.33%。其中,4株根瘤菌TXR2,TXN1,WYSR1,JYN6对圆叶决明氮营养贡献最大,并且TXN1与宿主共生形成的根瘤数目最多,而JYN6的固氮酶活性最高。说明本研究分离鉴定到4株决明高效根瘤菌,具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
33.
Gemma A. Miller Robert M. Rees Bryan S. Griffiths Joanna M. Cloy 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(2):285-298
Agricultural soils are important sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Soil properties and environmental factors have complex interactions which influence the dynamics of these GHG fluxes. Four arable and five grassland soils which represent the range of soil textures and climatic conditions of the main agricultural areas in the UK were incubated at two different moisture contents (50 or 80% water holding capacity) and with or without inorganic fertiliser application (70 kg N ha−1 ammonium nitrate) over 22 days. Emissions of N2O, CO2 and CH4 were measured twice per week by headspace gas sampling, and cumulative fluxes were calculated. Multiple regression modelling was carried out to determine which factors (soil mineral N, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents, C:N ratios, clay contents and pH) that best explained the variation in GHG fluxes. Clay, mineral N and soil C contents were found to be the most important explanatory variables controlling GHG fluxes in this study. However, none of the measured variables explained a significant amount of variation in CO2 fluxes from the arable soils. The results were generally consistent with previously published work. However, N2O emissions from the two Scottish soils were substantially more sensitive to inorganic N fertiliser application at 80% water holding capacity than the other soils, with the N2O emissions being up to 107 times higher than the other studied soils. 相似文献
34.
本文以日本农副产品加工产品的发展历程为切入点,利用SWOT分析法对日本农副产品加工产业的优势与劣势、机遇与挑战进行了较为深入的分析,并最终根据分析结构提出了部分我国相关产业发展的启迪。 相似文献
35.
The ecological environment in Central Asia is vulnerable to pressure from human activity due to the physical geography and climatic fragility of this region. A set of indicators suitable for the future assessment of this pressure needs to be proposed. Thirty‐six topsoil samples (0–5 cm) were collected from roadsides in a suburban region of Bishkek, the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic in Central Asia, and a risk assessment of anthropogenically disturbed potentially toxic elements (PTEs) was systematically conducted with classic statistical methods. The results of detrended correspondence analysis and principal component analysis clearly showed that topsoil samples with high contents of PTEs (Pb, Zn and Cu) were strongly affected by traffic within a distance threshold of 200 m and that anthropogenic effects decreased significantly with increasing distance from the highway. The enrichment factor and anthropogenic contribution for Pb were the highest among the three PTEs, with average values of 2.0% and 47.4%, respectively, suggesting enrichment. However, the results of the human health risk assessment also indicated that noncarcinogenic risks did not occur for any of the anthropogenic PTEs. The reported method provides a new systematic pathway to reveal anthropogenic influences on the geochemical composition of soil. The conclusions of this work will be highly valuable as important guidelines for agriculture, and the results of the PTE contents will provide a scientific basis for soil collection in future studies. 相似文献
36.
分析了当前农业合作社发展存在的几个难题,主要有找不准发展方向、乱用国家补贴资金、合作方式偏重于大户利益、缺乏能力使农民成立的合作社处于停顿状态等.在此基础上提出了农业专业合作社发展的建议. 相似文献
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38.
彭路 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(6):20-24
我国农业供应链突出表现为“集体化”、“现代化”和“生态化”,资金的安全性、流动性和信用程度都需要整体协同管控。交易成本和信息不对称决定了我国农业供应链以间接融资为主,其金融风险的特征主要表现为道德风险突出、整体风险难识别、可能引致区域系统性风险和行业系统性风险。因此,应当因地制宜确定农业供应链金融支持项目,并运用系统论原理控制农业供应链金融风险。 相似文献
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